Ceev faj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm lithium roj teeb uas yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab

2022/04/08

Author: Iflowpower –Portable Fais Fab Chaw Muag Khoom

Los ntawm 2020, daim ntawv tshaj tawm yuav tshaj 248,000 tons ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov ua dua tshiab. Los ntawm 2020, cov credit yuav tshaj 248,000 tons, kwv yees li 20 npaug ntawm 2016 daim ntawv tshaj tawm. Xws li ib tug loj-scale "txoj kev ceeb toom", lub ntsej muag yog ib tug loj recycling teeb meem.

Yuav ua li cas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb rov ua dua tshiab, tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig, ntxiv dag zog rau kev siv cov khoom siv pov tseg ntawm cov roj teeb lithium-ion pov tseg los tiv thaiv cov khoom pov tseg tshiab los ntawm kev ua rau "kev puas tsuaj" ib puag ncig, thiab dhau los ua "cov teeb meem kws tshaj lij" kev txhawj xeeb thoob plaws hauv kev lag luam. Cov kws tshaj lij qhia tias kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov tuam txhab kev lag luam kom sai li sai tau, tsim cov tshuab txhawb kev lag luam, thiab txhawb nqa lub zog kev lag luam kev lag luam tshiab ntsuab sustainable kev loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv 3 mus rau 4 xyoo dhau los, peb tau ushered nyob rau hauv "Nyiaj laus" nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib puag ncig teeb meem, lub zog diversification lub tswv yim tau maj mam tsim kev pom zoo, multinational tsoom fwv tau nce kev txhawb zog tshiab automotive kev lag luam, lub zog tshiab automotive kev lag luam nkag mus rau theem ceev txoj kev loj hlob. Kev lag luam sab hauv tau hais tias cov tsheb tshiab hluav taws xob hauv tsev tam sim no tsom mus rau thaj tsam ntawm tsoomfwv cov kev txiav txim siab, xws li tsheb thauj khoom, tsheb huv si, tsheb ua lag luam thiab lwm qhov chaw pej xeem, tab sis cov neeg siv khoom ntiag tug tau maj mam txhim kho lub zog tshiab. Tang Hongwei, General Manager ntawm Changsha Team Technology Co.

, Ltd. koom nrog lub zog tshiab sib koom tsheb ua haujlwm, ntseeg hais tias nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev txhawb nqa lub teb chaws txoj cai thiab maj mam txhim kho cov chaw them nqi, kev nce hauv Tuam Tshoj lub zog tshiab tsheb ua lag luam yuav maj mam tsav lub kauj los ntawm cov pej xeem. Tsav los ntawm kev lag luam ntiag tug, lub tsev tshiab lub zog neeg caij tsheb lag luam yuav nkag mus rau lub sijhawm nce siab.

Raws li lub koom haum tshawb fawb ntawm Lithium Txheej xwm hauv Kev Lag Luam Zhicu Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Siab, kev tsim khoom thiab muag ntim ntawm cov tsheb tshiab lub zog hauv Suav teb yuav nce nrawm dua hauv tsib xyoos tom ntej, thiab txhua xyoo kev nce siab yuav tsum siab dua 30%. Lub zog tshiab lub tsheb lag luam muaj qhov tawg tau nce, thiab qhov ntsuas ntawm lub zog tsav tsheb lithium-ion roj teeb ncaj qha nce. Xyoo 2015, kuv lub teb chaws lub hwj chim (24.

700, -0.36%) roj teeb tso zis tus nqi yog 38 billion, nce 262% xyoo-rau-xyoo, thiab cov nqi tso tawm mus txog cov lithium ion roj teeb. Hauv xyoo 2016, kuv lub teb chaws lub zog lithium-ion roj teeb tso tawm tus nqi yog 64.

5 billion yuan. Thawj zaug tau dhau qhov ntsuas ntawm cov roj teeb lithium ion ib txwm siv, dhau los ua qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb siv qauv. Raws li lub koom haum tshawb fawb ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb siab, nrog rau kev qhia txog kev hloov pauv tshiab ntawm kev txhawb nqa txoj cai, thiab kev txhim kho tus nqi ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb kev lag luam thev naus laus zis, tus nqi poob raug cuam tshuam, kev tsav tsheb ntawm lub zog tshiab. tsheb yuav high-ceev tom ntej tsib xyoos.

Nce, hauv 2016, kuv lub teb chaws lub tsheb fais fab lithium-ion roj teeb ntau lawm yog 30.8GWH. Nws cia siab tias kuv lub teb chaws lub tsheb fais fab lithium-ion roj teeb ntau lawm yuav ncav cuag 141GWH hauv 2020.

Li Changdong, tus thawj coj ntawm Hunan Bangpu Circular Technology Co., Ltd., tau hais rau "Kev Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Lag Luam", tam sim no 3,000 lithium hlau-dawb roj teeb lub neej ntawm 3,000 lub voj voog lub neej tuaj yeem ncav cuag 8 xyoo, tab sis lub roj teeb lub neej yuav luv luv raws li kev ua tau zoo. , thiab nws tuaj yeem siv tau.

5 xyoo. Txij li thaum peb-dimensional lithium-ion roj teeb thev naus laus zis tseem qeeb, kev loj hlob tsis zoo li lithium phosphate ion roj teeb, lub neej kev pab cuam luv luv, thiab lub neej nruab nrab yog 4 xyoo nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob. "Thawj pawg ntawm cov roj teeb lithium-ion siv rau xyoo 2012-2014 yuav muaj kev so haujlwm loj ua ntej thiab tom qab 2018.

Dynamic lithium-ion roj teeb yuav tshwm sim hauv 3 mus rau 4 xyoo tom ntej. Li Changdong hais. Raws li lub koom haum tshawb fawb ntawm kev tshawb fawb siab, qhov ntsuas ntawm lub tsheb fais fab kev lag luam yuav tsum tau nce sai.

Nyob rau hauv 2016, cov kua ntim ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb yog hais txog 12,000 tons. Los ntawm 2020, kuv lub teb chaws lub zog lithium-ion roj teeb seem yuav ncav cuag 248,000 tons. Kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov ua dua qee cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias los ntawm kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig thiab kev siv cov peev txheej kev xav, khib nyiab lithium-ion roj teeb rov ua dua tshiab thiab kev siv ncig yuav dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam tsheb tshiab.

Raws li kev lag luam insiders, nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov lithium-ion roj teeb, lithium hlau ion roj teeb dominated. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias Temlal boom drives, qee lub tuam txhab kuj muaj qee lub tuam txhab los tshawb txog peb cov khoom siv xws li NCM (nickel-cobalt manganese) thiab NCA (nickel-cobalt aluminium) rau lub zog lithium ion roj teeb. Txij li thaum xyoo 2014, muaj peb-txoj kev fais fab lithium-ion roj teeb ntau lawm kab rau cov neeg caij tsheb hauv Suav teb.

Cao Hongbin, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Txheej Txheem Engineering, kuv lub tebchaws, tau hais rau "Kev Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Lag Luam" tus neeg sau xov xwm. Ua ntej xyoo 2013, muaj teeb meem loj hauv kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam txhuas-acid roj teeb rov qab, thiab tsis muaj cov tib neeg tsim nyog thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm me me tsis raug cai siv cov roj lead-acid roj teeb, ncaj qha tshem tawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg, ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug hnyav, thiab cov lus qhia yog heev. hnyav. Kev lag luam feem ntau ntseeg tias txawm hais tias lub zog tshiab lub tsheb fais fab lithium-ion roj teeb tseem ceeb heev rau kev siv cov roj teeb lithium-ion ib puag ncig, nws tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua yog tias cov khoom siv rov ua dua tsis raug, thiab nws tseem yuav rov ua dua cov roj teeb tsis sib xws. .

, Muaj kuab paug hnyav rau ib puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev pom ntawm lub zog loj lithium-ion roj teeb uas yuav los tom ntej "kev tshaj tawm", nws tsis tuaj yeem ploj mus nrog ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug uas yuav tshwm sim. "Cov roj teeb dynamic lithium-ion uas muaj npib tsib xee, cobalt, manganese thiab lwm yam hlau hnyav, electrolyte, fluoride organic teeb meem kuj kis tau; Kev daws teeb meem, kev ua haujlwm tsis raug thaum ua, yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li hluav taws tawg, hnyav hlau ua paug, organic. pov tseg emissions.

Cao Hongbin hais. "Lithium hexafluorophosphate nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj electrolytic nyob rau hauv cov electrolyte ntawm lub hwj chim lithium ion roj teeb yog siv los ua piv txwv. Cov kuab tshuaj no yooj yim rau hydrolyzate nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig huab cua, thiab muaj cov khoom tsis zoo xws li pentafluoride, hydrogen fluoride.

Nws muaj zog corroded rau tib neeg lub cev, thiab yog li ntawd, them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau cov kuab tshuaj thiab kev kho mob ntawm lithium hexafluorophosphate. Zoo heev, muaj feem yuav coj 'kev ua qias tuaj thib ob', lossis txawm tias muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Li Changdong hais.

Txawm hais tias muaj kev kis kab mob, nws zoo li "Dhakeley Sword" lub taub hau siab dai, tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, kev siv lub tsheb fais fab lithium-ion roj teeb kuj yog "pob zeb ntxhia hauv nroog", yog siv, tsis tsuas yog txo cov pa phem ib puag ncig, tuaj yeem ua tau. "tig pov tseg rau hauv cov khoom muaj nqis" los tiv thaiv cov khoom pov tseg. Xu Shengming, tus kws tshawb fawb, Nuclear Energy thiab New Energy Technology Research Institute, Tsinghua University, tau hais tias cov khoom siv raw xws li cobalt, npib tsib xee, lithium, thiab lithium, xws li cov roj teeb lithium-ion dynamic yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev cov kev pab cuam. Tam sim no, kuv lub teb chaws 80% cobalt thiab 70% lithium, npib tsib xee kev pab cuam nyob ntawm ntshuam.

"Kuv lub teb chaws cov peev txheej cobalt kuj tsis zoo, cobalt tsawg dua li ob peb txhiab tons, tab sis qhov kev siv tau nce mus txog kaum txhiab tons, yog li nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tuaj ntawm cov teb chaws xws li kev ywj pheej Congo, Africa, tab sis cov xwm txheej hauv tebchaws no tsis yog. Zoo heev. Lub zog tshiab kev lag luam tsheb tau tsim sai heev, cobalt tau muab. Xu Shengming tau hais.

Hauv kev lag luam ntseeg hais tias txawm hais tias tsis muaj cov peev txheej cobalt, kuv lub teb chaws tau xa tawm ntau cov pob zeb cobalt txhua xyoo, thiab muaj ntau qhov chaw khaws cia hauv tsev, thiab 70% ntawm cov khoom siv cobalt hauv tsev yog kev tiv thaiv tag nrho hauv cov roj teeb. Yog tias koj tuaj yeem siv cov peev txheej cobalt los rov ua dua tshiab, koj tuaj yeem txo qhov kev cia siab ntawm kev xa tawm txawv teb chaws, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm kev lag luam tsheb tshiab. "Lithium, nickel, cobalt hauv cov ore yog tsawg heev, tsuas yog 0.

5% ntawm nickel hauv nickel nickel hauv av nplaum liab; tsuas yog 0.2% ntawm cobalt oxide; tsuas yog 0.02% ntawm lithium hauv brine; Nickel + cobalt + tag nrho cov nyiaj npib tsib xee + cobalt + manganese hauv lithium ion roj teeb muaj 3% lithium hauv cov roj teeb lithium ion pov tseg, thiab tag nrho cov nyiaj npib tsib xee cobalt hauv cov khib nyiab nickel hydride yog 40%, thiab lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj txog 6%.

Tus nqi ntawm cov hlau hauv lub roj teeb yog 40-100 npaug ntawm qhov qub kuv. "Tus xibfwb ntawm Metallurgy thiab Ib puag ncig University of Central South University." Lub neej kev pabcuam dav dav ntawm lub zog lithium-ion roj teeb yog li 8 xyoo, tab sis lub peev xwm ntawm lub tsheb fais fab lithium-ion roj teeb yuav raug muab pov tseg thaum lub peev xwm ntawm lithium. -ion ​​roj teeb qis dua 80%, thiab lub sijhawm siv tiag tiag yog li 3-6 xyoo.

Ua ntej cov khoom siv lossis lub zog ntawm cov tsheb uas tau muab pov tseg, lawv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv daim phiaj hluav taws xob cia lossis ua lub zog qis (8.380, -0.26, -3.

01%), thiab tsim cov kauj ruam roj teeb. Kev siv thib ob, muab kev ua si tag nrho rau kev sib raug zoo thiab nyiaj txiag txiaj ntsig ntawm lub hwj chim lithium-ion roj teeb. Xu Shengming hais.

Peb lub fwj tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau tshawb pom txawm hais tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom pov tseg dynamic lithium-ion roj teeb recirculation tau mus txog qhov kev pom zoo, nws lub voj voog siv kev lag luam tseem nyob rau theem germination, txawm tias nws yog txoj cai tswjfwm, txheej txheem thev naus laus zis lossis cov tshuab siv rov ua dua tshiab, thiab xav tau ntxiv dag zog ntxiv. kev tshawb fawb thiab kev cai. Ua ntej, txoj cai thiab kev tswj hwm kev txhawb nqa thiab kev khi tsis txaus. Raws li kev lag luam, kuv lub teb chaws tau tsim "Dangerous Waste Polishing Prevention and Treatment Technology Policy", "Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Tiv Thaiv thiab Kho Tshuab Txoj Cai", 2016 National Development thiab Reform Commission tau coj "New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling Technology Policy", 2017 Pawg Neeg Ua Haujlwm Hauv Xeev tau tshaj tawm National Standard "Specialist Specification for Recycling Demolition and Utilization of Lithium Ion Battery".

Tag nrho cov cai no thiab cov qauv kev qhia tau raug coj los yog pom zoo cov ntaub ntawv qhia, thiab cov tuam txhab txha caj qaum muaj feem xyuam nrog kev lag luam cov cai muaj cov ntsiab lus qhia, tab sis tsis muaj kev txwv rau cov tub lag luam uas tsis ncaj ncees. Thib ob, kev siv thev naus laus zis kho dua tshiab lags. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev rov qab kho cov khib nyiab dynamic lithium ion roj teeb suav nrog ntau ntau cov kauj ruam xws li tso tawm, dismantling, crushing, sorting, intrinsic, elemental synthesis, nrog rau ntau yam kev qhuab qhia xws li physics, chemistry, cov ntaub ntawv, engineering, technical complex lengthy. .

Tam sim no, muaj ntau lub teb chaws tsim kho xws li lub teb chaws Yelemees, Tebchaws Asmeskas, thiab Nyij Pooj, suav nrog lub teb chaws Yelemees, Tebchaws Meskas, thiab Nyij Pooj tau koom tes txhawb thiab txhawb nqa lub teb chaws tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb engineering thiab kev loj hlob hauv thaj chaw. Thiab kuv lub teb chaws muaj kev lag luam me me hauv cov phooj ywg thoob ntiaj teb hauv cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm ntawm dynamic lithium-ion roj teeb rov qab kho tshuab. Thib peb, cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab tsis zoo tag nrho.

Raws li kuv lub teb chaws lub tsheb fais fab lithium ion roj teeb rov ua dua tshiab, cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab ntawm lub zog lithium-ion roj teeb yuav tsum yog lub luag haujlwm los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom tsheb, tab sis kuv lub teb chaws cov tuam txhab tsim tsheb feem ntau txav mus rau cov chaw muag roj teeb, thiab cov tuam txhab tsim cov roj teeb tsis muaj haiv neeg. Lub network rov ua dua, ntxiv rau tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho hauv cov chaw muag khoom, lub teb chaws rov ua lag luam tam sim no yog qhov tsis sib xws, tag nrho yog nyob rau hauv "tsis muaj lag luam, tsis muaj npe, tsis muaj npe", tsis muaj lub xeev tsis muaj kev txiav txim. Rau cov teeb meem saum toj no, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom tsim kom muaj pob tshab thiab du-dawb lithium-ion roj teeb rov ua dua tshiab, hloov pauv "them" cov qauv kev lag luam rov ua dua tshiab, siv cov teb chaws Nyij Pooj, "them" ua, yog li kev txhawj xeeb rau kev loj hlob mus ntev.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb yuav tsum tau siv tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob zog xws li cov tsev kawm qib siab, tuam txhab, thiab nce kev tshawb fawb hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis, thiab thoob ntiaj teb. Ua ntej, txhawb kev tsim cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab uas tuaj yeem saib xyuas. Pib tsim los ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob theem, los ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem, Is Taws Nem, kev tsim khoom, kev ncig, thiab kev rov ua dua ntawm lub zog lithium-ion roj teeb, tiv thaiv cov neeg lag luam me hauv zos dismantling, thiab paub tag nrho cov roj teeb lithium-ion fais fab.

Ua kom tiav cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, thiab Tsim cov qauv ntsuas rau thaj tsam rov qab los sib npaug. Qhov thib ob, tshawb xyuas cov ntaiv siv tshuab ntawm lub zog lithium ion roj teeb. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab tias lub zog lithium-ion roj teeb muaj cov hluav taws xob siab ntxiv, nws yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas ntxiv tias yuav ua li cas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm kom paub txog kev siv tus ntaiv ntawm lub roj teeb lithium-ion dynamic.

Thib peb, tshawb xyuas cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm tu ntau lawm. Tshawb nrhiav yuav ua li cas thiaj li ua tau zoo thiab siv sij hawm luv luv ntawm kev faib tawm hauv kev siv tshuab dismantling; tshawb nrhiav metallurgical technology-oriented metallurgical technology hauv metallurgical technology; nyob rau hauv-tob txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau huv metallurgical technology, tiv thaiv "secondary pollution". Txog qhov kawg no, cov koom haum hauv lub xeev yuav xav txhawb nqa cov tuam txhab txha caj qaum hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov roj teeb lithium-ion muaj zog hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov nyiaj, cov cai, cov peev txheej kev txawj ntse, thiab lwm yam.

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