Be wary of power lithium battery reports to cause secondary pollution recycling needs

Autor: Iflowpower - Dodavatel přenosných elektráren

By 2020, the report will exceed 248,000 tons of recycling and recycling. By 2020, the credit will exceed 248,000 tons, approximately 20 times the 2016 report. Such a large-scale "reportable tide", the face is a serious recycling situation.

How to safely recycle, environmentally friendly, strengthen the standardized circular utilization of waste dynamic lithium-ion batteries to prevent such new solid waste from causing "catastrophic" environmental consequences, and become the "expert-level problems" universal concern in the industry. Experts suggest that the recycling system of recycling of waste dynamic lithium-ion batteries as soon as possible, relying on industry backbone companies, forming national-level engineering research centers to crack technology bottlenecks, establish technical support systems, and promote new energy automotive industry chain green sustainable development. In the past 3 to 4 years, we have ushered in the "Retirement" in recent years.

In the context of environmental problems, the energy diversification strategy has gradually developed consensus, multinational governments have increased the support of new energy automotive industry, the new energy automotive industry enters Rapid development phase. Industry insiders said that domestic new energy vehicles currently focus on the area of ​​government procurement decisions, such as logistics cars, sanitation vehicles, business cars and other public domains, but private consumers have gradually improved new energy vehicles. Tang Hongwei, General Manager of Changsha Team Technology Co.

, Ltd. engaged in new energy sharing car operation, believes that with the advancement of national subsidy policies and gradual improvement of charging facilities, the rise in China's new energy automotive market will gradually drive steering from the public domain. Driven by private sector, home new energy passenger car market will enter high-speed rising period.

According to the research institute of Lithium Events in the Industry Zhicu High Workers, the production and sales volume of domestic new energy vehicles in China will rise rapidly in the next five years, and the annual complex increase is expected to exceed 30%. The new energy vehicle market has an explosive rising, and the scale of the driving force lithium-ion battery is directly rising. In 2015, my country's power (24.

700, -0.36%) battery output value was 38 billion, up 262% year-on-year, and output value approached digital lithium ion battery. In 2016, my country's powered lithium-ion battery output value was 64.

5 billion yuan. The first time exceeded the scale of traditional digital lithium ion batteries, becoming the largest field of lithium-ion battery consumption structure. According to the research institute of the high-run research, with the introduction of a new round of promotion policies, and the improvement of the cost of lithium-ion battery production technology, the cost decline is affected, the driving force of the new energy vehicle will be high-speed next five years.

Rising, in 2016, my country's automobile power lithium-ion battery production was 30.8GWH. It is expected that my country's automobile power lithium-ion battery production will reach 141GWH in 2020.

Li Changdong, chairman of Hunan Bangpu Circular Technology Co., Ltd., told the "Economic Report" reporter, currently 3,000 lithium iron-free battery life of 3,000 cycle life can reach 8 years, but the battery life will be short under practical conditions, and it can be used.

5 years. Since the three-dimensional lithium-ion battery technology is relatively late, maturity is not as good as the lithium phosphate ion battery, the service life is relatively short, and the average life is 4 years under conditions of conditions. "The first batch of powered lithium-ion batteries in 2012-2014 will have a large-scale retirement before and after 2018.

Dynamic lithium-ion batteries will appear in the next 3 to 4 years. Li Changdong said. According to the research institute of high-run research, the scale of the electric vehicle market is expected to rise rapidly.

In 2016, the drainage volume of lithium-ion batteries was about 12,000 tons. By 2020, my country's powered lithium-ion battery scrap will reach 248,000 tons. Recycling and recycling some experts believe that from environmental governance and resource utilization perspectives, waste dynamic lithium-ion battery recycling and circular utilization will become an important part of the new energy automobile industry.

According to industry insiders, in the production of lithium-ion batteries, lithium iron ion batteries dominated. It is worth noting that the Temlal boom drives, some companies also have some companies to explore the three-membered materials such as NCM (nickel-cobalt manganese) and NCA (nickel-cobalt aluminum) for power lithium ion batteries. Since 2014, there is a three-way power lithium-ion battery production line for passenger cars in China.

Cao Hongbin, a researcher of the Institute of Process Engineering, my country, told the "Economic Report" reporter. Before 2013, there was a serious problem in the domestic lead-acid battery recovery industry, and the lack of qualified individuals and small workshops illegally recycled lead-acid batteries, directly discharged waste pickup, The environment has serious pollution, and the lessons are very heavy. The industry generally believes that although the new energy vehicle power lithium-ion battery is important to use a relatively environmentally friendly lithium-ion battery, it is impossible to recycle if the recycling is improper, and it is also very likely to repeat the inconsistent battery.

, Severe pollution to the environment. In view of the upcoming powerful lithium-ion battery "reported", it is not possible to fade with environmental pollution that may be caused. "Waste dynamic lithium-ion battery containing nickel, cobalt, manganese and other heavy metals, electrolyte, fluoride organic matter is also contaminated; Solution, improper operation during processing, may bring a number of problems such as fire explosion, heavy metal pollution, organic waste emissions.

Cao Hongbin said. "Lithium hexafluorophosphate in the electrolytic solution in the electrolyte of the power lithium ion battery is used as an example. This solute is easy to hydrolyzate in the air environment, and there is a harmful substance such as pentafluoride, hydrogen fluoride.

It is strongly corroded for the human body, and therefore, pay special attention to the solvent and Treatment of lithium hexafluorophosphate. Wonderful, very likely to bring 'secondary pollution', or even catastrophic consequences. Li Changdong said.

Despite contamination, it is like "Dhakeley Sword" high-hanging head, but on the other hand, the use of used vehicle power lithium-ion batteries is also a "urban mineral", if used, not only reduces environmental pollution, Can also "turn waste into treasure" to prevent waste of resources. Xu Shengming, researcher, Nuclear Energy and New Energy Technology Research Institute, Tsinghua University, said that raw materials such as cobalt, nickel, lithium, and lithium, such as dynamic lithium-ion batteries are very important strategic resources. At present, my country's 80% cobalt and 70% lithium, nickel resources Dependence on import.

"my country's cobalt resources are relatively poor, cobalt is less than a few thousand tons, but the amount of use reaches tens of thousand tons, so it is basically imported from countries such as democratic Congo, Africa, but these national political situation is not very good. New energy automotive industry has developed very fast, cobalt has been supplying. Xu Shengming said.

In the industry believes that although there is no cobalt resources, my country has imported a large amount of cobalt mines every year, and there is a large number of domestic storage, and 70% of domestic cobalt's overall protection is concentrated in battery production. If you can use these cobalt resources to recycle, you can greatly reduce the dependence on foreign imports, which is conducive to the healthy development of new energy auto industry. "Lithium, nickel, cobalt in the ore is very low, only 0.

5% of nickel in nickel nickel in red clay; only 0.2% of cobalt oxide; only 0.02% of the lithium in the brine; Nickel + cobalt + total amount of nickel + cobalt + manganese in the lithium ion battery contains 3% lithium in the waste lithium ion battery, and the total amount of nickel cobalt in the waste nickel hydride is 40%, and the rare earth is about 6%.

The price of the metal in the battery is 40-100 times the original mine. "Professor of the Metallurgy and Environment University of Central South University. "The general service life of the power lithium-ion battery is about 8 years, but the capacity of the vehicle power lithium-ion battery will be discarded when the capacity of the lithium-ion battery is below 80%, and the actual use time is about 3-6 years.

Before the material or energy of these discarded vehicles, they can be used for grid energy storage or as a low grade power source (8.380, -0.26, -3.

01%), and establish a battery step. Secondary use system, give full play to the social and economic benefits of the power lithium-ion battery. Xu Shengming said.

Three major bottlenecks need to be discovered although the importance of waste dynamic lithium-ion battery recirculation has reached a consensus, its circular utilization market is still in the germination stage, whether it is policy regulations, process technology or recycling systems, and needs further strengthen research and regulation. First, the policy and regulatory support and binding are not enough. According to industry, my country has developed "Dangerous Waste Polishing Prevention and Treatment Technology Policy", "Waste Battery Pollution Prevention and Treatment Technology Policy", 2016 National Development and Reform Commission led the "New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling Technology Policy", 2017 State Staff Committee announced National Standard "Specialist Specification for Recycling Demolition and Utilization of Lithium Ion Battery".

All of these policies and technical standards are guided or recommended guidance documents, and the backbone companies related to business regulations have reference guidance purposes, but there is no constraint for unscrupulous traders. Second, the recycling treatment technology lags. The entire process of recovery treatment of waste dynamic lithium ion battery includes dozens of complex steps such as discharge, dismantling, crushing, sorting, intrinsic, elemental synthesis, involving multiple cross-disciplines such as physics, chemistry, materials, engineering, technical complex lengthy.

At present, there are many developed countries such as Germany, the United States, and Japan, including Germany, the United States, and Japan are actively supporting and promoting national key technological engineering research and development in the field. And my country has a little lag in the international peers in the technical process of dynamic lithium-ion battery recovery treatment technology. Third, the recycling network system is not perfect.

According to my country's car power lithium ion battery recycling, the recycling network of the power lithium-ion battery should be responsible by the automobile manufacturer, but my country's automobile production companies often move to battery suppliers, and battery production companies have no nationality. The recycling network, plus the cost of construction in the outlets, the current national recycling market is extremely irregular, the overall is in a "no business, no brand, no brand", no orderless state. For the above problems, experts recommend that the establishment of transparent and smooth waste-free lithium-ion battery recycling networks, changing existing "pay" commercial recycling models, adopting Japanese countries, "charges" processing, thus Concern for long-term development.

At the same time, we should also make full use of research and development forces such as colleges, companies, and increase research in recycling technology, and internationally. First, promote the establishment of a benign recycling system that can be monitored. Start design from the power manufacturing stage, by means of the Internet, the Internet, the manufacturing, circulation, and recycling of the power lithium-ion battery, prevent local dismantling of small traders, and realize all of the power lithium-ion batteries.

Complete recycling, and Create a benchmark to the parallel recovery area. Second, explore the ladder utilization technology of the power lithium ion battery. Considering that the power lithium-ion battery contains high remaining electricity, it should be further explored how to safely and efficiently realize the ladder utilization of the dynamic lithium-ion battery.

Third, explore more efficient cleaning production technology. Explore how to efficient and short-range implementation classification in dismantling technology; explore metallurgical technology-oriented metallurgical technology in metallurgical technology; in-depth development of more cleaned metallurgical technology, prevent "secondary pollution". To this end, the relevant state departments may wish to support the backbone companies in the field of the powerful lithium-ion battery in the field of funds, policies, intellectual resources, etc.