Isifundiswa sase-Ouyang Minggao: Iimpawu eziNtathu kunye neendlela ezine zoLawulo lweMphumo yoBubushushu bebhetri

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Fournisseur de centrales électriques portables

I-Academician ye-Academy yaseTshayina yeSayensi, uNjingalwazi u-Ouyang Minggao, iYunivesithi yaseTsinghua, ilizwe lam. Ukhuseleko lwebhetri lunexabiso lesicelo esibaluleke kakhulu kwezothutho kunye nohambo lwangoku, ngakumbi kukhuseleko lwamandla, lukwajolisa kwihlabathi jikelele. ISebe lezaMandla lase-US (i-DOE) kunye ne-German Science Institute (BMBF) kunye nabaphengululi abachaphazelekayo bamazwe ngamazwe baye baqalisa i-seminar yamazwe ngamazwe yokhuseleko lwebhetri (IBSW), kwaye yaqhubeka kwi-2015 kwiYunivesithi yaseMunich eJamani, i-2017 kwi-Sandia National Experiment e-United States.

Igumbi, libambe ngempumelelo iisemina zokuqala nezesibini zokhuseleko lwebhetri zamazwe ngamazwe (IBSW). Nge-7 ka-Okthobha, 2019, iSemina yesi-3 yoKhuseleko lweBhetri yaMazwe ngaMazwe yabanjwa eBeijing. INdibano Jikelele ebanjwe yiYunivesithi yaseTsinghua yeBattery Safety Laboratory, umxholo wentlanganiso "ibhetri ekhuselekileyo ephezulu kune-high-specific special for electric vehicles".

Kwintlanganiso, i-academician ye-Academy yaseShayina yeSayensi, uNjingalwazi u-Ouyang Minggao, iYunivesithi yaseTsinghua, ipapashe intetho ephambili, yazisa "uPhando loKhuseleko lwe-Tsinghua University Motor Lithium Battery". Umxholo uhlelwe, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: manenekazi, manene, wonke umntu ulungile! Ndisuka kwiYunivesithi yaseTsinghua. Okokuqala, sazisa iqela lethu lophando lwenkqubo yamandla entsha yeYunivesithi yaseTsinghua.

Ukususela ngo-2001, thina ukususela ngo-2001 liqela eliphambili lophando kunye nophuhliso lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha esizwe, kwaye ikwayiqela elikhokelayo e-China nase-United States. Iqela lethu libalulekile kuphando oluninzi, kubandakanywa iibhetri zamandla e-lithium, iibhetri zamandla e-fuel kunye namandla e-hybrid. Ngokubhekiselele kwibhetri ye-lithium yamandla, kubalulekile ukwenza ukhuseleko; kubalulekile ukwenza ukuqina kwiibhetri zamandla zamafutha; ngokwemihlanganisela, sibalulekile ukwenza ulawulo lokukhutshwa kwenjini yokutsha yangaphakathi.

Ke le zizinto zethu ezintathu ezibalulekileyo esijolise kuzo. Namhlanje ndikunike intshayelelo ebalulekileyo kwiziphumo zethu zophando kukhuseleko. ILebhu yoKhuseleko lweBattery yeYunivesithi yaseTsinghua ifumaneka kwi-2009.

Ingqwalasela kukwenza ukhuseleko lwebhetri. Ngokukodwa, i-thermal yebhetri iphelelwe kulawulo. Apha ndisazisa kwinkqubela yophando kwi-thermal out-of control.

Wonke umntu uyaqonda ukuba ukhuseleko yingxaki yokugxila kwizithuthi zombane, kwaye kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokubangela izingozi zokhuseleko. Nje ukuba i-thermal iphume ekulawuleni ifakwe kwibhetri, yonke inkqubo yebhetri iya kusasazeka, kwaye ekugqibeleni ingozi yenziwe. La ngamanye amahlakani ethu kukhuseleko lwebhetri, kubandakanywa abenzi beemoto ezibalulekileyo kumazwe ngamazwe kunye nabavelisi beebhetri ezibalulekileyo, kunye nabavelisi beemoto ezibalulekileyo kunye nabavelisi ababalulekileyo beebhetri e-China, kwaye sikwanikezela iilayisensi zepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda, iinkampani zasekhaya nezangaphandle, njl.

Le yilebhu yethu yokhuseleko lwebhetri. Izolo, abaninzi abathathi-nxaxheba bandwendwele ilabhoratri yethu. Wamkele wonke umntu ukuba andwendwele kwaye atshintshiselane.

Kukho uthotho lweendlela zovavanyo kwiilebhu zethu zokhuseleko lwebhetri, oluluvavanyo olwahluke ngakumbi lwe-thermal ngaphandle kokulawula nge-ARC ukutshisa ngaphandle kolawulo. Siyiyunithi yehlabathi yovavanyo lwe-ARC kumthamo omkhulu webhetri ye-lithium. Emva kwenani elikhulu lezifundo zovavanyo, sishwankathela iimpawu ezintathu zebhetri ephuma kulawulo lwe-thermal, i-self-hot start lobushushu T1, i-thermal out-of control trigger T2, i-thermal out-of-control iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu T3, senze kwakhona uhlobo oluninzi lwamandla ovavanyo lwebhetri ye-lithium, Ngokuhambelana nalo mthetho.

I-T2 yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu, into ephendula ngayo i-T1 icace ngakumbi, ngokuqhelekileyo ifilimu ye-SEI iqala, i-T3 ixhomekeke kwi-reaction enthalpy yonke, i-T2 ayicacanga kakhulu, kodwa nayo ibaluleke kakhulu, kutheni kukho ukunyuka okucothayo Ukushisa kuya kubangela ngokukhawuleza isifudumezi esibukhali, kwaye izinga lokuphakamisa linokufikelela kwii-degrees eziyi-1000 ngomzuzwana okanye ngaphezulu, eyona nto ingundoqo kwisizathu sokushisa. Ngoko ke, ngokuphononongwa kwe-T2, kukho izizathu ezithathu ezibalulekileyo. Eyokuqala icace ngakumbi, yisekethe emfutshane yangaphakathi.

Ekugqibeleni inxulumene ne-diaphragm, ejikelezayo emfutshane. Kukho kwakhona izinto ezisandul &39;ukukhutshwa kwe-oksijini engavumelekanga, i-lithium lithium, ishwankathela umda ofanelekileyo we-oksijeni, i-lithium engathandekiyo, i-diaphragm ukuwa, ezi zizathu zintathu ekugqibeleni zisona sizathu siphambili sokubunjwa kwe-T2. Ngezantsi ndizise iindlela ezintathu ezikhankanywe ngaphambili kwindlela kunye nenkqubela phambili yolawulo lwe-thermal ngaphandle kokulawula, kubandakanywa neyokuqala, isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphakathi kunye nesiphaluka esifutshane solawulo lwethu, yi-BMS.

Okwesibini, i-thermal ngaphandle kolawulo kunye noyilo lwe-thermal yebhetri ebangelwa umda ofanelekileyo. Okwesithathu, i-thermostat ebangelwa ukusabela okunamandla kwe-lithium lithium kunye ne-electrolyte kunye nolawulo lwethu lokutshaja. Ukuba itekhnoloji ezintathu, itekhnoloji ezintathu zinokusombulula ingxaki yolawulo lwe-thermal ngaphandle kokulawula.

Sineqhinga lokugqibela, elikukunciphisa ukusasazeka kobushushu, kufuneka siqonde umthetho wokusasazeka kwe-thermal, ngelixa sicinezela ukusasazeka kwe-thermal, kwaye ekugqibeleni sithintele iingozi zokhuseleko. Mandinazise ngale miba mine: Okokuqala, isiphaluka esifutshane kunye ne-BMS. Kucacile ngakumbi ukuba izizathu mechanical, ezifana ukungqubana, oomatshini, yaye ekugqibeleni ukukrazuka diaphragm, okanye isizathu sombane, ukutshaja phezu kwentlawulo, isebe crystal lithium, dendritic puncture, okanye overheating, Kakade ke, uya ekugqibeleni Overheating, overheating kunokukhokelela ekuweni diaphragm, zonke izizathu ezifanayo, kodwa isekethe ezahlukeneyo, kodwa inxulumene nenkqubo evol. iyakuhlala kuntlitheko lwe-diaphragm kunye nokunyibilika kwe-diaphragm.

Ke sisebenzisa i-calorimeter yokufudumeza kunye ne-DSC, enye kukuchaza indlela yayo ukusuka kwi-exotherm yezinto, enye kukufudumeza ibhetri enye yonke ukusuka ekugqithiseni ubushushu bebhetri yonke enye, kunye nokubeka i-thermal ngaphandle kolawulo lwesithende sovavanyo Isimilo esishisayo sihlalutywa, eyona ndlela yokushisa ngaphandle kolawulo emva kokuba siqhelekile. Siyabona ukuba ukunyibilika kwe-diaphragm kunokubangela iisekethe ezimfutshane zangaphakathi, ukuqala ubushushu, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-diaphragm kuya kwenza i-T2, ekhokelela ngokuthe ngqo kwi-thermal ngaphandle kolawulo, esi sizathu esiqhelekileyo. Sikwasebenzisa ezinye iindlela ezininzi ezincedisayo, kubandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlalutya izinto, kunye nendlela yobunzima be-thermal kunye ne-mass spectrometry ukuhlalutya izinto ezahlukeneyo.

Le yindlela yethu yohlalutyo olusisiseko, unokuhlalutya iindidi zeebhetri, iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Le yeyokuqala, kwaye ikwaluhlobo lwendlela yokushisa ngaphandle kokulawula, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni na, sinokwenza umsebenzi omningi ukusuka kwi-engile yoyilo, kungekhona kakhulu, kodwa amandla anele, kodwa embindini Kukho ingxaki eqhelekileyo kwisiphaluka esifutshane, ngoko ke kufuneka sithintele imijikelezo emfutshane yangaphakathi, kufuneka sifunde isiphaluka esifutshane, iimvavanyo ezijikelezayo zinzima kakhulu, akukho migaqo ekhulileyo yokufudumeza ibhetri entsha, ngoko ke siyayifakela imemori entsha. kubushushu obuthile, vumela ingxubevange yenkumbulo ibukhali ngokubukhali, ivuse ubushushu buphume kulawulo. Ukusuka kuncwadi kunye nolwethu uphando, kukho iindidi ezine ezibalulekileyo zeesekethe ezimfutshane zangaphakathi.

Ezinye ii-short-circuit zingakhokelela ngokukhawuleza ekuphumeni kwe-thermal, kodwa ezinye i-short-circuited zivela ngokucothayo, kwaye ezinye i-short-circuit zingabi yingozi, kodwa ezinye ze-short-circuited Kuya kuba yingozi kakhulu, kwaye ezinye i-short-circuited zihlala zicotha, kwaye kukho ezinye iisekethe ezimfutshane zangaphakathi ukusuka ekunciphiseni ukuguquka, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, siye saqhuba uhlalutyo lokulinganisa, andichazwanga apha. Ngamafutshane, ekugqibeleni safumanisa ukuba ukuvela kweesekethe ezimfutshane kuhlobo lwe-evolution yayikukuhla kombane, inkqubo yokuqala ibalulekile ukuwisa amandla ombane.

Kuya kuba kukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kwinxalenye yesibini, kwaye ekugqibeleni kubumba ubushushu obungalawulekiyo. Ke malunga noku kucotha, kufuneka kwinkqubo yayo yokuqala, oko kukuthi, inqanaba lokuhla kwamandla ombane kukuyibona ukuba ixazulule ingxaki, siyichole, ukuyinqanda ukuba ingabi mbi ngakumbi, le yi-algorithm yethu yangaphakathi yesekethe emfutshane, le yi-algorithm yoluhlu lwebetri pack, kubandakanywa neyokuqala ihlalutywa ukuhambelana kombane, kwaye amandla ombane ebhetri awisiwe, abonisa ukuba le bhetri imfutshane. Kodwa ukuba awukwazi ukuqinisekisa, masiyongeze ubushushu.

Ukuba utshintshile emva kokuvela, songeza inzwa yegesi evuthayo, ngoko kukho indlela yokucotha kunye nokuguqulwa. Umzekelo, ukuchongwa okungaguquguqukiyo koluhlu lwebhetri lwepakethi yombane, andimazisi i-algorithm ethile. Uyabona ngokucacileyo ukuba ibhetri ephantsi kwi-voltage inokubonakala.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, kufuneka siqhube uluhlu lweendlela zobunjineli, kwaye kukho i-algorithm elula enganelanga. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukujoyina amava afanelekileyo kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zokugweba, le datha yedatha, ngoko sikhetha ukusebenzisana nenkampani. Ngamafutshane, sinokulwa kakuhle kule ndawo, njengesiphaluka esifutshane, ngenxa yentlawulo ekhawulezayo, kuba ibhetri iya kuba ne-deformation ngexesha lokuhlawula kunye nokukhutshwa, iya kuba noxinzelelo, oluya kubangela ukuwohloka ngokukhawuleza kwe-micro-short circuit, njengemithambo yegazi yomntu I-plaque ngaphakathi, ngokukhawuleza i-thrombosis yi-press, ukuba sisebenzisa i-voltage epholileyo kunye nokushisa, uyabona yona.

Kwenziwa njani? Kufuneka sisebenzise le nzwa yegesi, enokwenza ubuncinane imizuzu emi-3 kwangaphambili ukwenza isilumkiso sokushisa ngaphandle kokulawula. Ngamafutshane, siphuhlisa inkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri yesizukulwana esitsha esekwe kwezi algorithms. Eyesibini le yindlela yesibini esisandula ukuyithetha, ingaba imfutshane nje? Ngaba kukho ilahleko yobushushu ngaphandle kwesekethe emfutshane yangaphakathi? Enyanisweni, akukho mjikelezo omfutshane wangaphakathi wokuba ne-thermal ngaphandle kolawulo.

Njengoko i-diaphragm ikhula rhoqo, umxholo we-nickel we-electrode efanelekileyo yezinto ezintathu ezixutywe rhoqo zinyuka, izinga lokushisa lokukhululwa lihlala liyancipha, oko kukuthi, ukuzinza kwe-thermal yezinto eziphathekayo ze-electrode kuya kuba nzima, kodwa i-diaphragm yethu iya kuba ngcono kwaye ibe ngcono, ngoko buthathaka Ikhonkco iya kuba yinto efanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza. Olu luvavanyo esilwenzileyo, akukho mjikelezo omfutshane, kukho ubushushu obungalawulekiyo, sisusa i-electrolyte, kukho ubushushu obungalawulekiyo, kwaye unokububona ukusuka phakathi, kukho i-spike engenabushushu, le nto ilungile kwaye ingalunganga kwisiqwenga esinye, igqitywe ngokupheleleyo Umgubo ochanekileyo kunye nenegative ibekwe kwisiqwenga, kukho incopho yokukhululwa okukhulu, esi sizathu sokuba aqalise. Ngokukodwa, iphi incopho eshushu? Ukutshintsha kwesigaba se-electrode efanelekileyo, i-oxygen yamahhala.

Jonga kwincopho ye-Holland, xa i-positive kunye ne-negative idibene, i-electrode e-negative i-oxidized. Ukuba akukho ncopho, ivaliwe, ingqina ukuba ubushushu obuveliswe kwi-heterogenesis entle kunye ne-electrode negative reaction. Yintoni ke le ndlela? Kukutshintshiselana kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye ne-electrode echanekileyo, eyona siphelo esihle se-oksijini kwi-electrode engafanelekanga ukwenza ukusabela okumangalisayo, okubangele ukuba i-thermal ingalawuleki.

Ngokubhekiselele kwi-thermal ngaphandle kokulawula isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphakathi, sinokuseka imodeli ngokuhambelana nazo zonke iziphumo zecala zonke iziphumo ezibi. Ngokusebenzisa i-multi-rate scanning ye-DSC, i-reaction constant of all side reactions ingabalwa kule ndlela, ngokuqinisekileyo, ngokusebenzisa indlela ethile, ekugqibeleni Idityaniswe nokugcinwa kwamandla, ukugcinwa komgangatho kunokubala inkqubo epheleleyo ye-thermal out-of-control, kwaye inokuthotyelwa kakuhle kunye novavanyo. Ngale ndlela, sinokuphuhlisa kumava ahambelanayo ukuphuhlisa uyilo olusekelwe kwimodeli, ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho i-database eninzi, akukho datha yedatha ayikho, oku kukusabela kokusabela kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nobudlelwane bobushushu.

Ngokusekelwe kwisiseko sedatha, kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo siphucule izixhobo, ukuphuculwa okuphambili ndicinga ukuba ezimbini, enye kukuphuculwa kwezinto ezilungileyo, enye i-electrolyte. Okokuqala, sinokunyusa ubushushu be-oksijini ukusuka kwi-polysantial ukuya kwikristale enye, kwaye kunokubonwa ukuba iimpawu ze-thermal ngaphandle kokulawula zitshintshile. Umzekelo, sisebenzisa i-electrolyte ephezulu yoxinaniso, ikwayindlela.

Ewe, wonke umntu unokuhlola i-electrolyte eyomeleleyo. Ii-electrolyte eziqinileyo zinzima kakhulu. Sikholelwa ukuba i-concentrate ngokwayo inophawu oluhle.

Ngokomzekelo, ubunzima bayo be-thermal behlile, kwaye amandla e-exothermic ehlile. Ukusuka kulo mbindi sinokuwubona, kwaye i-positive ayiphendulwanga nge-electrolyte, kuba umgangatho wethu omtsha we-electrolysis yi-DMC, i-DMC i-100 degrees Ikhutshwe. Yile nto sikholelwa ukuba inyathelo elilandelayo le-electrolyte lingaphezulu kwe-electrolyte eqinileyo, ngakumbi ukusuka kwi-additive ye-electrolyte, i-electrolyte ephezulu yoxinaniso, kunye ne-electrolytes entsha ingaba.

Icandelo III, malunga ne-lithium lithium kunye nolawulo lokutshaja. Wonke umntu uyaqonda ukuba ndiya kuxelela ibhetri ye-lithium-ion. Emva kokuba ibhetri iya kuthotywa, yintoni ukhuseleko lomjikelo wobomi obugcweleyo? Sifumene ukuba izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu phakathi kokhuseleko lomjikelezo wobomi obugcweleyo kukuhlalutya i-lithium, ukuba akukho meko ye-lithium yokunciphisa ukhuseleko lwebhetri ayibonakalisi, isizathu kuphela sokuwohloka kwayo kukuhlalutya i-lithium.

Sinokufumana uthotho lobungqina, njengentlawulo ephantsi yobushushu obuphantsi, intlawulo ephantsi yobushushu obuphantsi, ubushushu be-T2 buyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ilahleko yobushushu yenzeke ngaphambili, oku kukunciphisa umthamo webhetri, ukusuka kwi-100 ukuya kwi-80%. Ngokucacileyo iyahambelana, ngokwe-lithically ukusuka kubushushu obuphantsi ukutshaja ukusuka kwibhetri entsha ukuya kwibhetri endala. Enye intlawulo ekhawulezayo.

Emva kokuhlawuliswa ngokukhawuleza, kunokubonwa ukuba ukwehla kweqondo lokushisa kwi-T2 kwehla ukuya kuma-degrees angama-100. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwebhetri entsha ye-200 ukuya kwii-degrees ezingaphezu kwe-100, ukulahlekelwa kobushushu kwenzeka ngaphambili, ngokukhawuleza. Siyintoni esi sizathu? Kwakhona i-lithium lithium, sinokubona ukuba kukho ezininzi i-lithium, kwaye i-lithium incinci kakhulu.

Uhlalutyo lwe-lithium inomlinganiselo omkhulu we-exotherm, ngoko ke iseyi-lithium, i-lithium yemvula iya kusabela ngokuthe ngqo kunye ne-electrolyte, ebangela ukunyuka okukhulu kobushushu, inokubangela ngokuthe ngqo ukulahleka kobushushu. Ke ngoko, kufuneka sifunde i-lithium, kanye njengesekethe emfutshane kwisifundo sethu, indlela yokufunda izifundo ze-lithium? Okokuqala sinokubona inkqubo ye-lithium lithium. Oku kuhlawula, ukutshaja kuphelile, kunokubonwa ukuba i-lithium iqala ukuqala, kukho inxalenye enkulu yangasemva, le yinkqubo ye-lithium.

Uvavanyo nje ngoku lunokubonwa kwi-Red Line, le yi-lithium esebenzayo, i-lithium ebuyiselwa umva. Kwakhona kukho inxalenye yokufa, i-lithium eguqulwayo, inokuthi ifakwe kwakhona, kwaye i-electrode engafanelekanga ingaphezu kwamandla, kwaye inqanaba eligqithiseleyo phezu kombane linyuka ukuya kwi-0, enokuguqulwa kwi-lithium. Ngokuqinisekileyo, i-lithium efile ayinakufunyanwa.

Oku kusinika ukukhawuleza. Ngaba sinokudlula inkqubo ye-lithium eguquguqukayo ukufumanisa inani le-lithium, umzekelo, libuyela emva le nkqubo, le nkqubo ihambelana neqonga kwi-voltage, siye salingisa, kwaye sifumene le ngqungquthela. Xa siphantsi kakhulu, akukho nto, yinto eqhelekileyo yombane ukwenza i-polarize, hayi eli qonga.

Ngoko eli qonga liwuphawu oluhle, isiphelo seqonga sinokumisela ngokuhlukana, oku kukuphela kweqonga, elimele ubuninzi be-lithium, kwaye kukho ubudlelwane kunye nenani elipheleleyo le-lithium, inokuqikelela ifomyula. Siye safumanisa kwakhona kwimifuniselo ukuba le yinkqubo yokubiza, nokuma. Siyabona kwakhona ukuba i-lithium inokubonwa ukusuka phakathi, esi sisiphumo sovavanyo.

Ngoko ngale ndlela sinokuyifumana emva kokuyihlawulisa, kodwa oku sisiphumo emva kokuhlawuliswa, ngaba singayivumeli i-lithium kwinkqubo yokutshaja? Ukukwazi ukujongana ne-lithium kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngokuqinisekileyo, oku kufuna ukuba sincede imodeli yethu. Le yimodeli eyenziwe lula ye-P2D esiyenzileyo, ungabona amandla e-electrode engalunganga, yithi nje i-electrode negative enokubakho kunye ne-lithium lithium, ukuba nje silawula amandla angaphezu kwe-electrode engalunganga, sinokuqinisekisa i-lithium. Ngale modeli, ungafumana igophe lokutshaja kwe-lithium, sivumela amandla e-electrode angalunganga angekho ngaphantsi kwe-zero, ungafumana eyona jiko lokutshaja i-lithium lithium.

Singasebenzisa i-electrode emithathu ukulinganisa eli jiko, okuyi-algorithm yethu yokutshaja. Siye sasebenzisana nenkampani, enokuthi ibonakale ngokucacileyo ukuba ukusebenzisa le algorithm inokuqonda ngokupheleleyo i-lithium, kodwa le yinkqubo yokulinganisa, ngokuhamba kwexesha Ukwandisa ukusebenza kokunciphisa ibhetri kuyatshintsha, yintoni esiyenzayo, kufuneka siphendule, ngoko ke siye sanikezela ngempendulo kwi-algorithm yokulawula i-lithium lithium, oko kukuthi, kukho umntu obukeleyo ukujonga ukugqithiswa kombane, ukuqaphela okungaphezulu kwe-electrotic eneneni yimodeli yemathematika. Oku kufana kakhulu ne-SOC yethu, sine-algorithm yombukeli, sinempendulo kwi-voltage, ukuze sikwazi ukuphumeza ulawulo lwexesha lokwenyani lokutshaja kwe-lithium, kwaye siyasebenzisana nenkampani.

Kule nkqubo, sisenokuzisola, ngaba ungasebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo inzwa yamandla angalunganga? Ke ngoko, uphando olongezelelweyo kukuphuhlisa le nzwa inamandla kakhulu. Wonke umntu uyaziqonda ii-electrode ezintathu zemveli ezikhankanywe ngaphambili. Ubomi bayo bulinganiselwe, akukho ndlela yokuyisebenzisa njengesivamvo, yaye kutshanje siye sasebenzisana nenkqubo yemichiza.

Isebe lemichiza iqela leZhang Qiang, ngenxa yokuba liqela elinamava anxulumene kakhulu, ukuphumelela kule ndawo, ubomi bethu bokuvavanya bunokuba lukhulu kuneenyanga ezi-5, ngaphezu kweenyanga ezi-5 kufuneka zisetyenziswe, kuba thina ngokwenene Xa isicelo sikwintlawulo ekhawulezayo kuphela, ayisoloko isetyenziswa, kwaye yanele iinyanga ezi-5. Okulandelayo, umsebenzi wethu usekwe kulawulo lokutshaja kwengxelo yenzwa yamandla egqwesileyo engalunganga. Inxalenye yesine, i-thermal ngaphandle kolawulo, ukuba asisebenzi ngaphambili, kukusasazeka kwe-thermal ngaphandle kolawulo kunye nendlela yethu yokunciphisa.

Wonke umntu uyaqonda ukuba oku kusetyenziswa kakubi komatshini kugqobhoza ngokuthe ngqo okanye kukhuphe ibhetri ngokukhawuleza kwakha ukuqhuma kokutsha, okuyinkqubo yokusasazeka, oku kusasazeka kokusasazeka kwethu. Eyokuqala luvavanyo lwentsimi yobushushu. Le yinkqubo yokusasazwa kwepakethi yethu yebhetri ehambelanayo.

Indlela yokusabalalisa inkqubo ingentla. Kutheni icandelo lecandelo, kuba xa ibhetri yokuqala i-thermostable, iya kuba yifutshane, yonke into yombane Baya kuza apha, ngoko ke bangela ukuba i-voltage yehle, kodwa xa iya kuphulwa, ibuyele emva, ezi ziimpawu zokulahleka kobushushu obufanayo. Eli liqela lebhetri, kwaye iqela lebhetri yinkqubo yokuhambisa ubushushu.

Le ngenye imeko, ukuqala komyalelo, ekugqibeleni isasazeka, ngokuqinisekileyo, kuba kukho ukutsha phakathi, kungekhona nje ukuhanjiswa kobushushu, oku kukhokelela ngokukhawuleza kwiingozi eziqhumayo, iingozi zokutsha, njl. Le yinkqubo yenkqubo yonke, yonke inkqubo yokusasazwa kwe-PACK, unxibelelwano lwayo luhlala luhlala, ukusuka kwi-D2 yokuqala ukuya kwi-U2, i-D1 iphantse ibe ngaxeshanye, emva koko enye, oku ngokusisiseko akusekho, kuba kukho ukugquma, oku kukhuthaza Uyilo lwethu lusebaluleke kakhulu kwiipakethi zebhetri. Ngako oko, injongo yethu ngokuqinisekileyo isekelwe kuyilo lokulinganisa imodeli, kuba le nkqubo inzima kakhulu, ukuba amava ahambelanayo anzima kakhulu, yile nto siyenzayo.

Wonke umntu kufuneka azi, indlela yokuthatha iiparitha zokulinganisa, unokunyenyisa iiparitha, kodwa inani leeparamitha alinantsingiselo, ngoko senza uphononongo olucacileyo kwiiparamitha, indlela yokuthatha iiparameters yinkqubo enobuchule kakhulu, II musa iinkcukacha apha, uluhlu lweendlela. Ngalo mzekelo wokulinganisa ukulinganisa, sinokuyila, oku kuyilo lokufakelwa kobushushu. Ibhetri ayonelanga kuphela, kwaye kukho uyilo olupholileyo.

Kukwakho nokugqunyelelwa kwebhetri, ukucinywa kobushushu makubekho konke okwenzekayo, obu bubuchwephesha bomlilo obuphuhliswe ngabafundi bethu, ukugquma, ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, ukuvalela ngokugquma, ukutshabalalisa ubushushu, kunye nokufudumeza amandla, ezi zimbini iNtsebenziswano. Olu luninzi lweemvavanyo, olu luvavanyo lwepakethi yebhetri yonke endle, ipakethe yebhetri yemveli, ipakethi yebhetri ene-firewall. Ipakethi yebhetri ene-firewall isanda kuqala oku, umsi mkhulu kakhulu, ngokucothayo, awutshi, akukho kusasazeka kushushu, iipakethi zebhetri zemveli ekugqibeleni zenze ukusasazeka okushushu kunye nokutsha.

Singakudlula oku, sikuqonde ngenene. Oku malunga nalo msebenzi, sikwathatha inxaxheba kuthotho lwemimiselo yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngoku ukuba senze ngakumbi le nkqubo kukuqhuma, kuyinkimbinkimbi, ngoku asizange songeze kwi-simulation, imodeli yokuqhuma kunjalo, kodwa ayichanekanga.

Inokubonwa kuvavanyo ukuba kukho imo eqinileyo, ulwelo, i-gaseous tri-state, le gaseous ephakathi ziirhasi ezitshayo, ezingamafutha, imeko eqinileyo ngamasuntswana aqinileyo, ahlala enza amadangatye. Kwenziwa njani? Enye kukuqokelela into ethile, njengemoto yemveli, ukubamba intsumpa ngesihluzi. Enye ihlanjululwe, vumela irhasi etshayo ibe ngaphaya koluhlu lomlilo, yile nto siyenzayo ngoku.

Ekugqibeleni, ndiza kwenza isishwankathelo. Kukho iinkqubo ezintathu ze-thermal ngaphandle kolawulo, apho zenzeke khona. Kwi-induction, kukho izizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo kwi-induction, ndithethile kakhulu, ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho enye inxalenye yomshini wethu wokungqubana, andizange nditsho, ngoku siphambi kwezi zinto, ezi zinto zisekhona Akukho migaqo ilawulwayo, sivakalelwa kukuba kamva.

Okwesibini, i-thermal ayilawuleki. Sikhankanye amaqondo obushushu amathathu, apho izizathu ezithathu ziboniswe apha. Kukho ukuqhuma kunye nomlilo ngaphakathi kwebhetri.

Kubalulekile ukumiselwa yimeko ye-electrolyte, indawo yokubilisa ye-electrolyte. Ekugqibeleni, isasazeka, kwaye sinokusasazeka, kukho ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza, njengomlilo, ophuma kumlilo oguquguqukayo, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukhokelela ekutshiseni okukhulu, zonke iingxaki esizibonise apha kukusombulula. .