Nzira yekuwedzera sei hupenyu uye kuvimbika kwebhatiri yemotokari?

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - ซัพพลายเออร์สถานีพลังงานแบบพกพา

Ese shanu mota kukundikana ndeimwe yemabhatiri. Mune ramangwana, nekuwedzera kukurumbira kwetekinoroji yemotokari senge kufambisa kwemagetsi, kutanga / flameout injini manejimendi uye hybrid (magetsi / gasi), nyaya iyi ichawedzera uye yakanyanya kuoma. Nzira yekuwedzera sei hupenyu uye kuvimbika kwebhatiri yemotokari? Chero kukanganisa kwemotokari shanu kwakakonzerwa nebhatiri.

Mune ramangwana, nekuwedzera kukurumbira kwetekinoroji yemotokari senge kufambisa kwemagetsi, kutanga / flameout injini manejimendi uye hybrid (magetsi / gasi), nyaya iyi ichawedzera uye yakanyanya kuoma. Kuti uderedze kutadza, voltage, ikozvino, uye tembiricha yebhatiri inoedzwa nenzira kwayo, uye mhedzisiro yacho isati yagadziriswa, iyo yekuchaja mamiriro uye mamiriro ekushanda anoverengerwa, uye mhedzisiro inotumirwa kune injini control unit (ECU), uye kutonga kuchaja basa. Motokari dzemazuva ano dzakazvarwa mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20.

Mota yekutanga inotsamira pane manual startup. Iyo ine simba kwazvo, kune njodzi yakakura, uye iyi ruoko crank yemotokari yakakonzera kufa kwakawanda. Muna 1902, bhatiri rekutanga rakatanga mota rakagadzirwa zvakabudirira.

Pakazosvika 1920, motokari dzose dzakatangwa. Kushandiswa kwekutanga ibheteri yakaoma. Kana simba remagetsi rapera, haritsiviwa.

Nenguva isipi, bhatiri remvura (kureva rekare-asidhi bhatiri) rinotsiva bhatiri rakaoma. Kubatsira kweiyo lead-asidhi bhatiri ndeyekuchaja kubva pakati kana injini iri kushanda. Muzana ramakore rapfuura, panenge pasina shanduko mumabhatiri e-lead-asidhi, uye kuvandudzwa kwekupedzisira kwakakosha ndiko kuisimbisa.

Shanduko yechokwadi ndizvo zvinodiwa nazvo. Pakutanga, bhatiri rinongoshandiswa kutanga motokari, nyanga uye magetsi emwenje. Nhasi, ese emagetsi masisitimu emota anofanirwa kuve nemagetsi isati yabatidzwa.

Kuvhiya kwemidziyo yemagetsi mitsva haingori GPS neDVD player uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvevatengi. Nhasi, injini yekudzora unit (ECU), hwindo remotokari yemagetsi uye chigaro chemagetsi, uye muviri wemagetsi mudziyo wakaita sechigaro chemagetsi chave chigadziro chemhando dzakawanda dzemhando dzakakosha. Mutoro mutsva muexponential level wakazvarwa zvakakomba, uye kukundikana kunokonzerwa nehurongwa hwemagetsi kunowedzera humbowo.

Zvinoenderana nenhamba dzeADAC neRAC, ingangoita 36% yekutadza kwemotokari inogona kukonzerwa nekutadza kwemagetsi. Kana iyo nhamba yakaora, inogona kuwanikwa kuti inopfuura 50% yemhosva inokonzerwa nezvikamu zvebhatiri ye-lead-acid. Ongororo yehutano hwebhatiri Aya anotevera akakosha maitiro anogona kuratidza hutano hwelead-asidhi bhatiri: (1) Kuchaja mamiriro (SOC): SOC inoratidza kuti ingani kuchaji inogona kupihwa, chiyero chakayerwa bhatiri (i.

e., bhatiri idzva reSOC) muzana inomiririra. (2) Mamiriro ekushanda (SOH): SOH inoratidza kuti mari yakawanda inogona kuchengetwa.

Chiratidzo chekuchaja mamiriro ekuchaja chiri nani pane geji yemafuta ebhatiri. Pane nzira dzakawanda dzekuverenga SOC, mbiri dzacho dzine mbiri: yakavhurika yedunhu voltage yekuyera nzira uye Coulomb assay (inozivikanwawo seCoulomb kuverenga). (1) Vhura siketi yemagetsi (VOC) yekuyera nzira: hukama hwakapfupikiswa pakati peyakavhurika redunhu voltage uye yekuchaja kwayo panguva isina bhatiri.

Iyi nzira yekuverenga ine miganho miviri yekutanga: imwe ndeyekuverenga SOC, bhatiri haina kuvhurika, uye mutoro hauna kubatana) Chechipiri, chiyero ichi chakarurama chete mushure mekugadzikana kwakanyanya. Izvi zvinogumira zvinogadzira nzira yeVOC kuverenga iyo online calculation SOC. Iyi nzira inowanzoshandiswa muchitoro chekugadzirisa motokari, uko bhatiri inobviswa, uye mhepo pakati pezvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka matanda emagetsi anogona kuyerwa.

(2) Coulomb assay: Iyi nzira inoshandisa Coulomb Count kutora ikozvino kune nguva mapoinzi, nokudaro kusarudza SOC. Neiyi nzira, unogona kuverenga iyo SOC munguva chaiyo, kunyangwe bhatiri riri pasi pekuremerwa mamiriro. Nekudaro, iko kukanganisa kweyero yecoulomb kuchawedzera nekufamba kwenguva.

Inowanzo kuzara uchishandisa yakavhurika yedunhu voltage uye coulomb kuverenga kuverenga kuchaja mamiriro ebhatiri. Mamiriro ekushanda emamiriro ekushanda anoratidza huwandu hwebhatiri, uye kugona kwayo kuchengetedza kuchaja kana ichienzaniswa nemabhatiri matsva. Nekuda kwechimiro chebhatiri pachayo, SOH komputa yakaoma kwazvo, ichitsamira pamakemikari anoumbwa uye nharaunda yebhatiri.

Iyo SOH yebhatiri inokanganiswa nezvakawanda zvinhu, zvinosanganisira kuchaja kugamuchirwa, kupindira kwemukati, voltage, kuzviburitsa uye tembiricha. Izvi zvinhu zvinowanzoonekwa sezvakaoma kuyera zvinhu izvi munzvimbo chaidzo-nguva munzvimbo yemotokari. Muchikamu chekutanga (injini inotanga), bhatiri iri pasi pemutoro mukuru, panguva ino, bhatiri rinonyanya kuratidza SOH yebhatiri.

Bosch, Hella, nezvimwewo. Iwo chaiwo maSOC uye SOH maverengero anoshandiswa chaizvo neanotungamira emota bhatiri sensor vagadziri akavanzika zvakanyanya uye anowanzo kuchengetedzwa nekuchengetedzwa kwepatent. Sevaridzi vezvivakwa zvehungwaru, vanowanzo shanda padhuze neVARTA neMOLL kugadzira aya maalgorithms.

Iri redunhu rinogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: (1) bhatiri yekuyedza bhatiri voltage kuyedza iyo resistive attenuator iyo yakaparadzaniswa zvakananga nebhatiri positive electrode. Payezvino bvunzo, isa test resistor (12V kazhinji inoshandisa 100M) pakati peiyo negative electrode uye pasi. Mukugadzirisa uku, simbi chassis yemotokari inowanzo, uye test resistor inoiswa munharaunda yazvino yebhatiri.

Mune mamwe magadzirirwo, iyo yakaipa electrode yebhatiri ndeye. Nezve SOH kuverenga, kwete kuyedza tembiricha yebhatiri. (2) Microcontroller microcontroller kana MCU yakakosha kupedza mabasa maviri.

Basa rekutanga nderekugadzirisa mhedzisiro yeanalog kune digital converter (ADC). Iri basa rinogona kunge rakapfava, rakadai sekusefa chete), rinogonawo kunge rakaoma, sekuverenga SOC uye SOH. Basa chairo rinoenderana nekugadziriswa kweMCU uye zvinodiwa zvevagadziri.

Basa rechipiri nderokutumira data yakagadziriswa kuburikidza nekukurukurirana kwekutaurirana kuECU. (3) Kukurukurirana Interface Parizvino, iyo yemuno yekubatanidza network (Lin) interface ndiyo inonyanya kutaurirana interface pakati pema sensors ebhatiri neECUs. Lin mutsara mumwechete, wakaderera mutengo kune imwe inozivikanwa yakawanda CAN protocol.

Ichi ndicho chigadziriso chakareruka chekuyedza bhatiri. Nekudaro, yakawanda chaiyo bhatiri yekuyedza algorithms inoda zvese zviri zviviri bhatiri voltage uye zvazvino, kana nebhatiri voltage, ikozvino uye tembiricha. Kuti uite synchronous sampling, iwe unofanirwa kuwedzera kusvika kune maviri analogi kune madhijitari anoshandura.

Mukuwedzera, iyo ADC neMCUs inogadzirisa magetsi kuti ishande nemazvo, zvichikonzera kuoma kwedunhu kutsva. Tan waxaa farsameeyay soo saaraha LIN transceiver iyadoo la isku daray sahayda korontada. Horumarka xiga ee tijaabada batteriga saxda ah ee baabuurta waxaa lagu dhex daray ADC, MCU iyo transceivers Lin, sida ADI&39;s AduC703X Series Precision Simulation Microcontrollers.

AduC703X waxay siisaa laba ama saddex 8kSPs, 16-bit (Sigma) - (Delta) ADC, 20.48MHzarm7TDMIMCU, iyo gudbinta isku dhafan ee Linv2.0.

Taxanaha ADUC703X waxa lagu dhex daray cadaadis hoose oo kala duwanaanshiyaha, kaas oo laga shaqayn karo baytariyada sunta rasaasta. Si loo daboolo baahiyaha imtixaanada batteriga, dhamaadka hore waxaa ka mid ah qalabkan soo socda: attenuator danab loogu talagalay la socodka korantada batteriga) Cod-weyneeye faa&39;iido barnaamij, marka lagu isticmaalo caabiyaha 100m, wuxuu taageeraa heerka buuxa ee 1A ee ka hooseeya 1500A) Taageerada uruurinta taageerada coulomb iyada oo aan la socon software-ka) iyo hal dareeme heerkulka. Dhowr sano ka hor, kaliya baabuurta dhamaadka-sare ayaa lagu qalabeeyay dareemayaasha baytari.

Maanta, waxaa sii kordhaya baabuurta dhexdhexaadka ah iyo kuwa hooseeya ee lagu rakibay qalabka elektaroonigga ah ee yaryar, waxaana kaliya lagu arki karaa moodooyinka sare ee toban sano ka hor. Tirada cilladaha ay sababaan baytariyada acid-ashitada ayaa sidaas darteed si joogto ah loogu daraa. Dhawr sano ka dib, baabuur kastaa wuxuu rakibi doonaa dareeraha baytariga, taas oo yaraynaysa khatarta kordhinta khatarta fashilka.