Sashen Muhalli na Muhalli ya sanar da cewa fara sarrafa gurɓataccen baturi zai tsara yadda dawo da baturi yake?

Mawallafi: Iflowpower -Mai Bayar da Tashar Wutar Lantarki

Kwanan nan, Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Muhalli ta fitar da ma'aunin kariyar muhalli ta jiha "Sharar gida ta lithium-ion wutar lantarki na sarrafa fasahar sarrafa gurɓataccen baturi (Draft for Comment)" (wanda ake kira "Ƙa'idodin Fasaha"), da nufin hana sharar wutar lantarki na lithium-ion. batirin ajiya daga gurbata muhalli, yana kare lafiyar ɗan adam. Kasar Sin tana da sabuwar kasuwar motoci ta makamashi mafi girma a duniya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ci gaban da ake samu cikin sauri. Batirin lithium ion ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin sel masu ƙarfi waɗanda sabbin motocin makamashi suka fi so saboda fa'idodinsa na yawan ƙarfin kuzari, ƙaramin aikin fitar da kai, amfani da za'a iya sake yin amfani da su.

Yana da kyau a lura cewa saboda ƙarancin rayuwar batirin lithium-ion, fasahar tana ci gaba da sabunta ta, kuma baturin lithium-ion yana gab da shigar da sikelin, ya kwashe "kananan kololuwa". Idan baturin ajiyar wutar lantarki ba daidai ba ne, zai kawo matsaloli kamar lafiya, aminci, gurɓataccen muhalli. Don haka menene ma'anar "Takaddun Fasaha" ga masana'antar dawo da batir na ƙasata? Wane irin haɓaka amfani da sake haɓaka albarkatu, da sarrafa gurɓataccen baturi, da yadda ake haɓakawa? Domin inganta kididdigar tsarin, a wannan shekara, batirin da ke aiki a kasata zai shiga cikin ma'aunin ritaya, bisa ga kashi 70% ana iya amfani da shi don lissafin matakan, kimanin tan 60,000 na baturi na lantarki yana buƙatar sokewa.

Maimaita batirin wuta ya kusa. Inda za a ɓata ajiyar wutar lantarki na lithium ion, yadda ake samun mafi tsabta, kore, hanya mai aminci, waɗannan matsalolin sun zama abin da ke damun masana'antu. Gabatar da "Tsarin Fasaha" na iya ba da damar masana'antu su haɓaka hanyoyi.

"Ƙididdiga na Fasaha" da farko sun ba da ma'anar "ma'auni mai mahimmanci na lithium ion wutar lantarki": rasa ainihin ƙimar amfani, ko baturin wutar lantarki na lithium-ion wanda ba a rasa ba, amma jefar ko watsi, baya haɗa da babban dawowar rayuwar shelf Gano kuskure, gyara batirin ajiyar wutar lantarki na lithium-ion. Bugu da ari, daga fannonin buƙatun fasaha na sarrafa gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanayi, buƙatun sarrafa yanayin aiki, buƙatun kula da yanayin gaggawa na muhalli, da sauransu. baturin wutar lantarki na yanzu, kore tsarin sake yin amfani da baturin wutar lantarki, inganta masana'antu mafi daidaitacce masu tasowa.

"Mai bincike na Cibiyar Injiniya Tsari ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin" Labarin Kimiyya na kasar Sin ". "Kafin haka, kasata ba ta gabatar da bukatun rigakafin gurbatar yanayi na musamman ga masana'antar dawo da batir ba, kawai ka'idoji na gaba daya. "Yang Qingyu, mataimakin sakatare-janar na hadin gwiwar batir na kasar Sin, ya yi imanin cewa, a matsayin wani muhimmin bangare na tsarin tsarin masana'antar sake yin amfani da su, yana da halaye na masana'antar kanta, kuma ya gabatar da cikakkun bukatu na musamman don dakile gurbatar yanayi kan sake yin amfani da su. kamfanoni, taimako A cikin masana'antar sake yin amfani da baturi zuwa kore, haɓaka haɓakar muhalli, haɓaka canjin masana'antu da haɓakawa.

A gaskiya ma, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, manufofin sake amfani da batir na cikin gida sun ci gaba da sabuntawa, sun haɗa da hanyoyin sarrafa baturi, sarrafa ganowa, gina dandalin gudanarwa, daidaitattun yanayi, ginawa da aiki, da dai sauransu, da gina sake amfani da baturi da amfani da cikakken rayuwa. Tsarin sake zagayowar ƙasa Daidaitaccen tsarin, jagorar masana'antu ingantacciyar ci gaba, haɓaka amincin baturi da sake amfani da su cikin tsari. Jagoran manufofin yana haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a game da dawo da kasuwancin.

Bisa kididdigar da kididdigar kasar Sin ta yi, ya zuwa watan Fabrairun shekarar 2020, kamfanoni 130 a kasar sun ba da sanarwar wuraren sake yin amfani da su guda 11229, kuma matsakaicin kamfanin mota ya bayyana wuraren sake yin amfani da su guda 86. Yang Qingyu ya ce, "A hankali an tsara tsarin manufofin, ana kyautata ma'auni a hankali, sannan kuma an kara gina dukkan tsarin tashoshin sake amfani da su."

Daban-daban daga buƙatun daban-daban na buƙatu daban-daban, ci gaba da haɓaka haɓakar gurɓataccen iska na sarkar wutar lantarki, haɓaka ci gaban ci gaba mai dorewa na kore na masana'antu. Dangane da buƙatun fasaha na sarrafa gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska, "Ƙa'idodin Fasaha" an yi dalla-dalla daga buƙatun fasahar sarrafa gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska, ƙarshen buƙatun fasahar sarrafa gurɓatawa. Sun Wei ya ce dangane da hanyar fasaha, akwai manyan nau'ikan aikace-aikacen masana'antu iri biyu.

Nau'i ɗaya shine tsarin dawo da haɗin gwiwa na wuta-rigar, don haka ana shirya baturin sharar gida ta hanyar zafi mai zafi, ƙarin rarrabuwa da tsarkakewa, haifar da samfuran alaƙa. Wani nau'in kuma shine pyrolysis pretreatment - rigar ƙarfe haɗe da tsarin sake yin amfani da su. Wato ana fara cire kwayoyin halitta na batirin sharar gida, sannan a zabi inda za a jera, a samu bakar foda mai dauke da sinadarin lithium, sannan a dawo da bakar foda ta hanyar rigar leaching don kara shirya batirin tabbatacce. abu.

"Hanyoyin biyu suna da fasali, duk suna fatan 'daga baturi', sannan' komawa zuwa baturin "in ji Sun Wei. Hasali ma, dangane da harkar sake sarrafa batir, kasata ta shiga gaba, “saboda matsalolinmu da bukatarmu sun bayyana a baya, sun fi gaggawa”.

Sharar gida sake sarrafa baturi na lithium-ion wanda ya ƙunshi tarawa, ajiya, sufuri, da fitarwa, tarwatsawa, rarrabuwa, hakar ƙarfe, da dai sauransu, sassa daban-daban suna da buƙatu daban-daban don sarrafa gurɓatawa. Yang Qingyu ya shaidawa "Labarin Kimiyya na kasar Sin", a cikin tarin ajiya, inda ya mai da hankali kan matsalar kwararar wutar lantarki.

Lithium hexafluorophosphate shine mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren electrolyte, kusan 43% na electrolyte, yana da sauƙi don daidaitawa, saki gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska na hydrogen fluoride zuwa yanayin. A cikin nau'in wargajewar, hanyar haɗin gwiwar tana buƙatar tabbatar da zaɓin yanayin aiki, da kuma kula da sharar ruwan sharar ruwa. "Gane koren aminci dawo da, kusa da shinge na kamfanoni, kayan aikin muhalli, fasahar kare muhalli, da dai sauransu.

"Sun Wei ya kuma ce hadarin gurbacewar muhalli na batirin wuta na daya daga cikin batutuwan da suka fi daukar hankali a masana'antar. Baya ga kwararowar electrolyte, akwai kuma gurbataccen karfe na nickel na jan karfe, sauran sharar gida a lokacin jiyya; bugu da ƙari. , idan maganin bai dace ba, ragowar wutar lantarki na iya haifar da konewa, fashewa, da sauransu.

"A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kamfanoni masu dacewa sun fara tsara yadda za su yi la'akari da yadda za a yi mafi dacewa, aminci da yanayin muhalli lokacin da aka dawo da baturin a gaban gaban baturin. "Don la'akari da bukatun motocin lantarki, da wahala. har yanzu yana da girma, amma akwai ƙoƙari a gida da waje don ganowa. "Sun Wei said.

Abubuwan da ake sa ran suna da fa'ida mai yawa na ci gaba da bincike, kuma saurin haɓaka sabbin motocin makamashi ya haifar da haɓakar ƙwayoyin wutar lantarki na lithium-ion, sannan kuma ya kawo kyakkyawan fata na kasuwa ga sake yin amfani da batirin wutar lantarki na lithium ion. Akwai hasashen bayanai, a shekarar 2020, kasuwar sake sarrafa batirin wutar lantarki ta kasata za ta kai yuan biliyan 10.7, wanda ya kai kusan 6.

Yuan biliyan 4 a cikin layin dogo, kuma kasuwar sabuntar ta kusan yuan biliyan 4.3. Yang Qingyu ya ce, tushen sake yin amfani da baturi shi ne tsawaita tsawon rayuwar batirin, da kara darajar sabuntar batirin.

Daga cikin su, matakin batirin ya cancanci kulawa, daga batirin wutar lantarki da aka sauke daga sabuwar motar makamashi, bisa ga binciken aminci da kimanta rayuwa, ana iya amfani da shi ga motocin lantarki masu ƙananan sauri, kekuna masu lantarki, ƙananan ƙananan rarraba. makamashi ajiya. "Bugu da ƙari, fasahar fasaha, masana'antu na yanzu sun fi damuwa game da sake yin amfani da ma'auni da tattalin arziki. "Yang Qingyu yana da tabbaci, yawan batir wutar lantarki da aka yi ritaya a kasuwa ya kasance ƙasa da tsammanin masana'antu, farfadowa bai isa ba, rashin tasirin sakamako na iya zama mai yiwuwa. zama matsalar gama gari na kamfanonin sake yin amfani da baturi.

A ra'ayinsa, dalilin zai iya haɗawa da fahimtar masu amfani, tashoshin sake amfani da su ba su da santsi, da dai sauransu. "Lokacin da ƙarfin baturin wutar lantarki ya ragu zuwa 80%, ya kai daidaitattun motar mota, amma baturin ya fi girma, kuma mabukaci zai ' Yang Qingyu ya ce, gaba daya batirin ya yi ritaya, masana'antar tana da fadi, wani bangare na bukatar jagorantar masu amfani da su wajen sake sarrafa batura ta hanyar tashoshi na yau da kullun, a daya bangaren, don karfafawa. kulawa.

Li Jinhui, farfesa Li Jinhui, na Kwalejin Muhalli ta Jami'ar Tsinghua, a kwanan baya, game da takardan taron kasa da kasa na sarrafa shara da fasahohi karo na 15, aikin da ake yi yanzu na tsarin sake amfani da batirin wutar lantarki na kasata bai dace ba. A halin yanzu, tsarin sake sarrafa batir ya dogara ne akan gina masana'antar kera motoci, akwai haɗarin tsaro, kuma ƙwarewar masu aiki ba ta isa ba. Bugu da kari, an ƙara ɗaukar nauyin tsarin dawo da baturin wutar lantarki, kuma farashin dawo da gabaɗaya yana da yawa, kuma ingancin sake amfani da amfani da shi ba a bayyane yake ba.

Ya kamata a karfafa hadin gwiwar masana'antu na sama da na kasa, kuma ana bukatar inganta rabon albarkatun tsarin sake amfani da su. A cikin ra'ayi na Sun, gaba yana buƙatar ƙarfafa matakin sarrafa kansa na fasahar dawo da baturi da kayan aiki. “Saboda bambance-bambancen bambance-bambance a cikin fakitin baturi, an sami babban ci gaba a fasahar wargazawa da sauran fasahohin.

Masana sun yi nuni da cewa, ya zama dole a samar da sarkar masana'antar sake amfani da batir da kamfani ke jagoranta, sannan kuma akwai bukatar inganta jagoranci, tallafin kimiyya, goyon bayan jama'a, da dai sauransu. Labaran kimiyyar kasar Sin.