UMnyango Wezemvelo umemezele ukuthi ukuqala kokulawula ukungcoliswa kwebhethri okuhola amandla kuzobhala ukuthi ukutholwa kwebhethri kunjani?

Awdur: Iflowpower - Proveedor de centrales eléctricas portátiles

Muva nje, uMnyango Wezemvelo ukhiphe indinganiso yombuso yokuvikelwa kwemvelo "I-Waste lithium-ion power storage battery treatment pollution technology (Uhlaka Lokuphawula)" (ngemuva kwalokhu olubizwa ngokuthi "Izicaciso Zobuchwepheshe"), okuhloswe ngalo ukuvimbela imfucuza yamabhethri okugcina amandla e-lithium-ion ekungcoliseni imvelo, ukuvikela impilo yomuntu. I-China inemakethe yezimoto entsha enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, eminyakeni yamuva nje, umfutho wentuthuko uyashesha. Ibhethri ye-lithium ion ibhekwa njengenye yamangqamuzana anamandla akhethwa yizimoto ezintsha zamandla ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo zokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, ukusebenza okuncane kokuzikhipha, ukusetshenziswa okuvuselelekayo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngenxa yempilo elinganiselwe yebhethri ye-lithium-ion, ubuchwepheshe bubuyekezwa ngokuqhubekayo, futhi ibhethri ye-lithium-ion isizongena esikalini, ikhishwe "i-peak encane". Uma ibhethri yokugcina amandla emfucuza ingalungile, izoletha izinkinga ezifana nempilo, ukuphepha, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke kusho ukuthini "Ukucaciswa Kobuchwepheshe" embonini yezwe lami yokutholwa kwebhethri enamandla? Hlobo luni lokuphromotha ukusetshenziswa kokuvuselelwa kwensiza, nokulawulwa kokungcoliswa kwebhethri lamandla kadoti, kanye nendlela yokuphromotha? Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izibalo zesistimu, kulo nyaka ibhethri lezwe lami elinamandla lizongena esikalini sokuthatha umhlalaphansi, ngokusho kuka-70% ingasetshenziswa ekubaleni iladi, cishe amathani angu-60,000 amandla ebhethri adinga ukuchithwa.

Ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri lamandla sekuseduze. Lapho ungamosha khona isitoreji samandla e-lithium ion, indlela yokufeza indlela ehlanzekile, eluhlaza, ephephile, lezi zinkinga ziba ingqikithi yokukhathazeka komkhakha. Ukwethulwa kwe-"Technical Specifications" kungase kuvumele imboni ukuthi ithuthukise imigwaqo.

"Izicaciso Zobuchwepheshe" ziqale zinikeze incazelo ecacile "yesitoreji samandla e-lithium ion": ukulahlekelwa inani lokuqala lokusetshenziswa, noma ibhethri ye-lithium-ion yokugcina amandla engalahleki, kodwa elahliwe noma elahliwe, akubandakanyi ukubuya okuyinhloko kwempilo yeshalofu Ukutholwa kwephutha, ukulungisa kabusha ibhethri ye-lithium-ion yokugcina amandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ezicini zezidingo zobuchwepheshe bokulawula ukungcoliswa, izidingo zokulawulwa kwendawo yokusebenza, izidingo zokulawulwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo zemvelo, njll. "Okwamanje, izidingo zemboni zokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukwethulwa" Kwezicaciso Zobuchwepheshe ", ngokuba khona noma ingozi yokungcola engaba khona yebhethri lamandla amanje, ukwenza kube luhlaza inqubo yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri lamandla, ukukhuthaza imboni ukuthuthuka okujwayelekile.

"Umcwaningi we-Process Engineering Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences" Izindaba Zesayensi YaseShayina ". "Ngaphambi kwalokhu, izwe lami alizange libeke phambili izidingo zokuvimbela ukungcola embonini yokubuyisela ibhethri lamandla, imithetho evamile kuphela. "U-Yang Qingyu, iphini likanobhala-jikelele we-China Battery Alliance, ukholelwa ukuthi njengengxenye ebalulekile yalo lonke uhlelo olujwayelekile lwemboni yokugaywa kabusha," I-Technical Specifications "inezici zemboni ngokwayo, futhi ibeka phambili izidingo ezinemininingwane neziqondile zokulawula ukungcola ezinkampanini ezihambelanayo ezigaywa kabusha, usizo Embonini yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri kumkhakha oluhlaza, ukuguqulwa kwezimboni nokuthuthukiswa, ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni.

Eqinisweni, eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinqubomgomo zasekhaya zokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri zamandla ziqhubekile nokubuyekezwa, ezibandakanya izindlela zokuphatha ibhethri lamandla, ukuphathwa kokulandeleka, ukwakhiwa kwenkundla yokuphatha, izimo ezijwayelekile, ukwakhiwa kwe-outlet nokusebenza, njll., kanye nokwakha amandla okugaywa kabusha kwebhethri nokusetshenziswa okugcwele komjikelezo wezwe wezwe Uhlelo olujwayelekile, umhlahlandlela wemboni ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo, ukukhuthaza ukuvikeleka kwebhethri yamandla kanye nokugaywa kabusha okuhlelekile. Isiqondiso senqubomgomo sithuthukisa ukuqwashisa ngokutholwa kwebhizinisi.

Ngokwezibalo ze-China Battery Alliance, kusukela ngoFebhuwari 2020, izinkampani eziyi-130 ezweni zimemezele izindawo zokugaywa kabusha eziyi-11229, futhi inkampani yezimoto ejwayelekile yamemezela izindawo zokugaywa kabusha ezingama-86. "Uhlelo lwenqubomgomo luyakhiwa kancane kancane, izinga liyathuthukiswa kancane kancane, futhi ukwakhiwa kwalo lonke uhlelo lwesiteshi sokugaywa kabusha nakho kuye kwaba ngaphezulu. Kusho uYang Qingyu.

Ihlukile ezidingweni ezihlukene zezidingo ezahlukene, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokulawulwa kokungcola kweketango lamandla, ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kohlaza okusimeme kwemboni. Ngokwezidingo zobuchwepheshe bokulawula ukunukubezeka, "Izicaciso Zobuchwepheshe" zichazwe kabanzi kusukela kuzidingo zobuchwepheshe bokulawula ukungcoliswa, izidingo zobuchwepheshe zokulawula ukungcoliswa. U-Sun Wei uthe ngokomzila wezobuchwepheshe, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezicelo zezimboni.

Olunye uhlobo luyinqubo yokubuyisela ngokuhlanganyela okumanzi omlilo, ukuze ibhethri yemfucuza ilungiswe ngokuncibilika kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukuhlukaniswa okumanzi okuqhubekayo nokuhlanza, okuholela emikhiqizweni ehlobene. Olunye uhlobo yi-pyrolysis pretreatment - inqubo yokugaywa kabusha kwe-metallurgy emanzi ehlanganisiwe. Okungukuthi, i-organic matter yebhethri yemfucuza iqala ukususwa, futhi ukuhlunga kukhethwa, impushana emnyama ecebile izakhi ze-lithium ecebile itholakala, bese i-powder emnyama ibuyiselwa ngenqubo ye-leaching emanzi ukuze uqhubeke nokulungisa izinto ezibonakalayo zebhethri.

"Le mizila yomibili inesici, wonke amathemba &39;kusukela kubhethri&39;, bese &39;ibuyela ebhethrini&39;. "kusho uSun Wei. Eqinisweni, ngokwemboni yokuvuselela ibhethri lamandla, izwe lami liye phambili, "ngoba izinkinga zethu kanye nesidingo sivele ngaphambili, siphuthuma kakhulu".

Ibhethri lamandla e-lithium-ion ligaya kabusha elihlanganisa ukuqoqa, ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa, nokukhipha, ukuphuka, ukuhlunga, ukukhishwa kwensimbi, njll., izigaba ezahlukene zinezidingo ezihlukene zokulawula ukungcola. U-Yang Qingyu utshele i-"China Science News", ekuqoqweni kwesitoreji, egxile enkingeni yokuvuza kwe-electrolyte.

I-Lithium hexafluorophosphate iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ye-electrolyte, cishe ama-43% we-electrolyte, kulula ukuvuthwa, ukukhulula ukungcoliswa kwe-hydrogen fluoride emvelweni. Ohlotsheni lokudilizwa, isixhumanisi sokuncibilikisa sidinga ukuqinisekisa ukukhethwa kwendawo yokusebenza, kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile akhipha amanzi angcolile. "Qaphela ukubuyiselwa kokuphepha okuluhlaza, eduze nendawo ebiyelwe ngamabhizinisi, imishini yezemvelo, ubuchwepheshe bokuvikela imvelo, njll.

"USun Wei uphinde wathi ingozi yokungcoliswa kwemvelo yebhethri ingenye yezinkinga ezithinteka kakhulu embonini. Ngaphandle kokuvuza kwe-electrolyte, kukhona nokungcoliswa kwensimbi esindayo ye-nickel yethusi, izinsalela zemfucuza yesibili ngesikhathi sokwelashwa; ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ukwelashwa kungalungile, ugesi osele ungabangela ukuvutha okuzenzakalelayo, ukuqhuma, njll. Uveze ukuthi "inqubo yokwelapha yangaphambilini igxile ekulawuleni ukungcoliswa kokutholwa kwebhethri lamandla.

“Eminyakeni yakamuva, izinkampani ezifanele seziqalile ukuklama indlela yokucabanga ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani kube lula, kuphephe futhi kube nobungane bemvelo lapho ibhethri litholwa ngaphambili kwebhethri. “Ukuze kubhekwe izidingo zezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi, ubunzima busese bukhulu kodwa kunemizamo eyenziwa ekhaya nasemazweni angaphandle yokuhlola. "kusho uSun Wei.

Amathemba anohlu olubanzi lokuhlola okuqhubekayo, futhi ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kuholele ekukhuleni kwamaseli amandla e-lithium-ion, futhi kuphinde kwaletha nethemba lemakethe elibanzi ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium ion amandla. Kukhona izibikezelo zedatha, ngo-2020, imakethe yezwe lami yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri izofinyelela ku-10.7 billion yuan, okungaba yi-6.

4 billion yuan kojantshi, kanti imakethe yokuvuselelwa kabusha ilinganiselwa ku-4.3 billion yuan. U-Yang Qingyu uthe umongo wokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ukunweba umjikelezo wempilo egcwele yebhethri, kukhuphule inani lokuvuselelwa kabusha.

Phakathi kwazo, isitebhisi sebhethri sifanele ukunakwa, kusukela ebhethri yamandla elayishiwe emotweni entsha yamandla, ngokusho kokutholwa kokuphepha nokulinganisa kokuphila, ingasetshenziswa nasezimotweni zikagesi ezihamba ngesivinini esiphansi, amabhayisikili kagesi, isitoreji samandla esisabalalisiwe esincane. “Ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe, imboni yamanje ikhathazeke kakhulu ngesikali sokugaywa kabusha kanye nomnotho. "U-Yang Qingyu uyazethemba, isibalo samabhethri kagesi asethathe umhlalaphansi emakethe singaphansi kokulindelwe yimboni, ukululama akwanele, ukuntuleka komphumela wesilinganiso kungase kube inkinga evamile yamabhizinisi agaywa kabusha amabhethri.

Ngokombono wakhe, isizathu singase sihlanganise ukwazi kwabathengi, iziteshi zokuvuselela kabusha azibushelelezi, njll. "Lapho umthamo webhethri lamandla wehliswa waba ngu-80%, ufinyelela ezingeni le-car scrap, kodwa ibhethri liphakeme, futhi umthengi &39;uzoshintsha ibhethri alikho kahle njengeminyaka emibili. "U-Yang Qingyu uthe ngokujwayelekile, ibhethri selithathe umhlalaphansi, imboni ibanzi, uhlangothi olulodwa ludinga ukuqondisa abathengi ukuthi basebenzise kabusha amabhethri ngamashaneli ajwayelekile, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqinisa ukugadwa.

U-Li Jinhui, uProfesa Li Jinhui, iKolishi Lezemvelo laseNyuvesi yaseTsinghua, ngokombono wakamuva wephepha leNkomfa Yezizwe Ngezizwe Ye-15 Yokulawulwa Kwemfucumfucu Eqinile Nezobuchwepheshe, ukwakhiwa kwamanje kohlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri ezwe lami akuphelele. Njengamanje, uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri lamandla ikakhulukazi luncike ekwakhiweni kwamabhizinisi okukhiqiza izimoto, kunobungozi obuthile bokuphepha, futhi ubuhlakani babaqhubi abanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumbozwa kohlelo lokuthola kabusha ibhethri lamandla kuyenyuka, futhi izindleko zokutholwa ziphezulu, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokugaywa kabusha nokusetshenziswa akubonakali.

Ukubambisana kwamabhizinisi asenhla nezansi nomfula kufanele kuqiniswe, futhi ukwabiwa kwezinsiza zohlelo lokugaywa kabusha kudinga ukuthuthukiswa. Ngokubuka kweLanga, ikusasa lidinga ukuqinisa izinga lokuzenzakalela lobuchwepheshe bokutholwa kwebhethri nezinto zokusebenza. “Ngenxa yomehluko wokuhluka okuhlukile kuphakethe lebhethri, kunokuthuthuka okukhulu kubuchwepheshe bokudiliza nobunye ubuchwepheshe.

"Ochwepheshe baveze ukuthi kuyadingeka ukwakha uchungechunge lwemboni yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri eholwa yinkampani, futhi kudingeka futhi kuthuthukiswe isiqondiso, ukusekelwa kwesayensi, ukwesekwa komphakathi, njll. I-China Science News.