Ukuqhathaniswa kwezindlela zokubikezela zokushaja isimo sokushaja ibhethri ye-lithium (i-SOC) indlela yokubikezela yokuqhathanisa

著者：Iflowpower – Dodavatel přenosných elektráren

Okokuqala, isimo sokushajwa (i-SOC) okusho ukuthi i-SOC i-stateofcharge, ibhekisela esimweni sokushajwa kwebhethri. Kusukela kuma-engeli ahlukene njengogesi, amandla, njll., i-SOC inezincazelo ezihlukahlukene ezahlukene.

I-SOC ye-US Advanced Battery Federation (USABC) isetshenziswe kabanzi, okungukuthi isilinganiso somthamo olinganiselwe ngaphansi kwamandla asele kanye nezimo ezifanayo ngenani elithile lokuchithwa. Ifomula yokubala ehambisanayo ithi: qm, umthamo omkhulu wokukhipha lapho ibhethri likhishwa ngokuya nge-I yamanje engaguquki; I-Q (in) isesikhathini sika-T, ibhethri likhipha ibhethri ngaphansi kwebhethri ngaphansi kwebhethri. Okwesibili, indlela yokubikezela isimo sokushaja ibhethri ye-lithium-ion Isimo sokushaja sebhethri ye-lithium ion singenye yemingcele ebalulekile yohlelo lokuphatha ibhethri, kodwa futhi isisekelo sesu lokulawula ukushaja nokukhipha umsebenzi wayo yonke imoto nokulingana kwebhethri.

Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobunzima bebhethri ye-lithium-ion ngokwayo, isimo sayo esidabukile asikwazi ukutholwa ngokulinganisa okuqondile, kuphela ngokuya ngezici ezithile zangaphandle zebhethri, njengokumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri, i-voltage yesifunda evulekile, izinga lokushisa, lamanje, njll. amapharamitha ahlobene, usebenzisa imingcele ehlobene. Ijika eliwuphawu noma ifomula yokubala yokuqedela umsebenzi wokuqagela esimweni sokushaja.

Isilinganiso sesimo sokushajwa sebhethri le-lithium-ion asikona umugqa. Njengamanje, indlela yamanje evamile ibalulekile ukukhipha ukuhlolwa, indlela ye-voltage yesifunda evulekile, amaphuzu okuphepha, indlela yokuhlunga ye-Kalman, indlela yenethiwekhi ye-neural, njll. 1 Umgomo wendlela yokuhlola yokukhipha isilingo ukwenza ibhethri libe sesimweni sokuphuma okungaphazamiseki emsinga ongaguquki, ukubala inani lokuchithwa lapho ukuchithwa kufika ku-voltage yokunqamuka.

Inani lokwelapha kusengaphambili yenani lamanje elingaguquki kanye nesikhathi sokukhipha esisetshenziswa lapho inani lamandla okukhipha likhishwa. Indlela yokuhlola yokukhipha ngokuvamile ilinganisela ukushajwa kwebhethri ngaphansi kwezimo zaselabhorethri, futhi abakhiqizi abaningi bebhethri basebenzisa indlela yokukhipha ukuze bahlole ibhethri. Inzuzo yayo ebalulekile ukuthi indlela ilula, futhi ukunemba kokulinganisa kuphakeme kakhulu.

Ububi buphinde bugqanyiswe: ayikwazi ukulayishwa, futhi ukuthatha inani elikhulu lesikhathi sokulinganisa, futhi lapho isilinganiso sokukhishwa, ibhethri kufanele liphazanyiswe, ukuze ibhethri libekwe lingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, ngakho alikwazi ukulinganiswa ku-inthanethi. Ibhethri yemoto kagesi ekushayeleni ibisebenza esimweni sokusebenza, futhi ukukhishwa kwayo okwamanje akuhlali njalo, le ndlela ayisebenzi. Kodwa-ke, indlela yokuhlola yokukhipha ingasetshenziswa ekunqumeni ukuguqulwa kwebhethri nemodeli yepharamitha.

2 Indlela ye-voltage yesekhethi evulekile Ibhethri izinzile uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi eside, futhi ubudlelwano bokusebenza phakathi kwevoltheji yesekethe evulekile nesimo sokushajwa kwebhethri nakho kuzinzile. Uma ufuna ukuthola inani lesimo sokushajwa kwebhethri, udinga kuphela ukukala i-voltage yesekethe evulekile kuzo zombili iziphetho zebhethri, futhi uthole imininingwane ehambisanayo nejika le-OCV-SOC. Inzuzo yendlela ye-voltage yesifunda evulekile ukusebenza okulula, vele ulinganise ibalazwe lejika lejika lokulawula inani lamandla kagesi lokuvula ukuze uthole inani lesimo sokushaja.

Kodwa-ke, kuneziphambeko eziningi: Okokuqala, ukuze uthole amanani anembile, kufanele enze i-voltage yebhethri ibe nesimo esizinzile, kodwa ibhethri livame ukuvunyelwa ukuma isikhathi eside, ukuze izidingo zokuqapha zesikhathi sangempela zinganeliseki. Imoto kagesi yokupaka isikhathi eside. Lapho isilinganiso sokushaja sebhethri sihlukile, njengoba ukushintshashintsha kwamanje kushintsha i-voltage yokuvula ibhethri, i-voltage yesifunda evulekile yephakethe lebhethri ayihambisani, ukuze amandla asele abikezelwe kanye namandla ebhethri asele angempela abe nokuphambuka okukhulu.

3 I-AmateThe Points I-France Integral Law ayikunaki ukusetshenziswa kwengaphakathi lebhethri, ngokuya ngezici ezithile zangaphandle zesistimu, njengamanje, isikhathi, isinxephezelo sezinga lokushisa, njll., ngokuhlanganisa isikhathi nesimanje, ngezinye izikhathi ukwengeza isinxephezelo esithile Isici sibalwa ukubala inani eliphelele lamandla agelezayo aphuma ebhethrini ukuze kulinganiswe isimo sokushajwa kwebhethri. Njengamanje, isikhathi sokusebenza sisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuphatha ibhethri.

Ifomula yokubala yendlela yamaphuzu okuphepha imi kanje: Ifomula, i-SOC0 inani lokuqala likagesi lesimo sokushajwa kwebhethri; I-CE umthamo olinganiselwe webhethri; i (t) iwukushaja nokukhipha amandla ebhethri ngesikhathi sika-T; T yisikhathi sokushaja nesikhathi sokukhipha; I-η yi-coefficient yesilinganiso sokushaja nokukhipha, futhi ibizwa ngokuthi i-Cullen efficient coefficient, emele ukuchithwa kwamandla ebhethri ngaphakathi kwebhethri phakathi nenqubo yokushaja nokukhipha, ngokuvamile okusekelwe esicini sokukhuliswa nokulungiswa kwezinga lokushisa kokukhipha ukushaja. Ubuhle bomthetho obalulekile wokuphepha ukuthi ukulinganiselwa kwebhethri ngokwayo kuncane kakhulu, indlela yokubala ilula, ithembekile, futhi ingenza isilinganiso sesikhathi sangempela esimweni sokushajwa kwebhethri. Okubi ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi indlela yokulinganisa ukuphepha itholwa ekulawuleni, uma ukunemba kokuqoqwa kwamandla amanje kungaphakeme, isimo sokushaja sokuqala esinikeziwe sinephutha elithile, ngokunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu, iphutha lizoqongelela kancane kancane, ngaleyo ndlela lithinte umphumela wokubikezela wesimo sokushaja.

Futhi ngenxa yokuthi indlela yamaphoyinti okuphepha ihlaziywa kuphela ezicini zangaphandle, kukhona iphutha elithile kusixhumanisi esiningi. Ingabonakala kufomula yokubala yendlela yamaphuzu okuphepha, futhi amandla okuqala ebhethri anomphumela omkhulu ekunembeni kwemiphumela yokubala. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kokulinganisa kwamanje, izinzwa zamanje ezisebenza kahle zivame ukulinganiswa, kodwa lokhu kuyenyuka.

Kuze kube manje, osolwazi abaningi basebenzise indlela yamandla kagesi wesekethe evulekile kuyilapho indlela yokuphepha yohlelo lokusebenza ebalulekile, ihlanganiswe nakho kokubili. Indlela kagesi yesekethe evulekile isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa isimo sokuqala sokushajwa kwebhethri, futhi indlela yokulungisa ehlanganisiwe isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sangempela futhi yengeze izici zokulungisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kwesibalo. 4 Indlela yokuhlunga ye-Kalman I-algorithm yokuhlunga ye-Kalman iyisilinganiso esincane esilinganayo sethiyori yesikhala yesizinda sesikhathi, okuyingxenye yesilinganiso sezibalo, futhi i-macro iwukunciphisa nokuqeda umthelela womsindo esignali yokubuka.

Umnyombo ungcono kakhulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi okokufaka kwesistimu kuvumelekile ezimeni eziguquguqukayo ngokwesisekelo sesisekelo. Umgomo oyisisekelo wale algorithm ukusebenzisa imodeli yesikhala yesimo somsindo nesiginali njengemodeli ye-algorithm, uma ikalwa, inani eliqashiwe lesikhathi samanje kanye nenani elilinganiselwe lesikhathi esidlule, nokubuyekeza isilinganiso sokuhluka kwesimo.

I-algorithm yokuhlunga ye-Karman ibikezela ubuningi besimo sokushajwa kwebhethri ye-lithium ion, futhi isebenzisa ivelu ye-voltage elinganisiwe ukuze ilungise inani lesibikezelo sokuqala. Inzuzo yendlela yokuhlunga ye-Kalman ukuthi ikhompuyutha ifanele ukucutshungulwa kwedatha ngesikhathi sangempela, ububanzi bohlelo lokusebenza, ingasetshenziselwa amasistimu angenawo umugqa, futhi inomphumela omuhle ekubikezelweni kwesimo sokushaja izimoto zikagesi ngesikhathi sokushayela. Ububi bendlela yokuhlunga ye-Kalman ukuthi ukunemba kwemodeli yebhethri kuncike, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba nokunemba kwemiphumela yesibikezelo se-algorithm, sungula imodeli yebhethri ethembekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-algorithm yendlela yokuhlunga ye-Kalman iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngakho inani layo lokubala likhulu ngokuqhathaniswa, futhi linokusebenza okuphezulu komqhubi. 5 Injongo yenethiwekhi yemizwa yenethiwekhi ye-neural iwukulingisa ukuziphatha kobuhlakani bomuntu, ngesakhiwo esifanayo nekhono lokufunda eliqinile ukuze kutholwe ukuvezwa kwedatha, futhi inganikeza impendulo ehambisanayo yokuphumayo lapho injabulo yangaphandle ijabulile, futhi yenze imephu enhle engeyona Eyomugqa. Umgomo wendlela yenethiwekhi ye-neural usetshenziswa esimweni sebhethri ye-lithium ion yilena: idatha yangaphandle njengenani elikhulu lama-voltage ahambisanayo, ama-currents, kanye nedatha yesimo sokushajwa yebhethri kusetshenziswa njengesampula yokuqeqeshwa, kanye nendlela eya phambili yolwazi kunethiwekhi ye-neural ngokwayo.

Ukusatshalaliswa okuhlanekezelwe kokusatshalaliswa nokudluliswa kwamaphutha ukuqeqeshwa nokuguqulwa okuphindaphindiwe, lapho isimo sokushajwa esibikezelwe sifinyelela ububanzi bephutha lezidingo zedizayini, ngokufaka idatha entsha ukuze kutholwe inani lokubikezela isimo sokushajwa kwebhethri. Inzuzo yendlela yenethiwekhi ye-neural ingalinganiselwa ukulinganisa isimo esihle samabhethri ahlukahlukene. Isebenza kabanzi.

Ungasunguli imodeli ethile yezibalo. Ungacabangi izinguquko eziyinkimbinkimbi zamakhemikhali ebhethrini, vele ukhethe isampula elifanele, bese usungula imodeli yenethiwekhi ye-Neural engcono, uma isampula yedatha eyengeziwe, iphakamisa ukunemba kokulinganisa kwayo; kuyenzeka ukunquma isimo sokushajwa kwebhethri nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ububi bendlela yenethiwekhi ye-neural ukuthi ukunemba, umthamo wesampula nokusatshalaliswa kwesampula kwamasampula edatha, umthamo wesampula, kanye nezindlela zokusabalalisa isampula nezindlela zokuqeqesha kuthonywa kakhulu kubhethri lebhethri.

Okwesithathu, ukufingqa leli phepha ukuze kube nesingeniso esilula sendlela yamanje yokubikezela yezindleko zebhethri ze-lithium-ion ezibalulekile, futhi sihlaziya izinzuzo nezinkinga zazo ngokuningiliziwe. Njengamanje, indlela yokuhlanganisa kuseyiyona ndlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokubikezela isimo esihle. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemikhawulo yamaphuzu okuphepha endaweni yokuphepha, kuvame ukuqedwa ngezinye izindlela ezifana nama-voltage esekethe evulekile nezinye izindlela zokuhlola ukushajwa kokuqala kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion.

Ngokombono wokuthambekela kwentuthuko, izici zokubikezela isimo sokushajwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion ziya ngokuya ziba ziningi, futhi izindlela zokubikezela ezisetshenziswayo ngokuvamile ziwukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwezindlela ezimbalwa, okwenza imiphumela yesibikezelo inembe kakhudlwana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okwamanje ithuthukisa imodeli yesekethe elinganayo yebhethri ye-lithium-ion, eseduze kakhulu neyoqobo, ukuze ukunemba kokubikezela kukagesi oshajiwe kuthuthukiswe nakakhulu.