Waaxda bay'ada deegaanka ayaa ku dhawaaqday in bilawga xakamaynta wasakhaynta wasakhowga batteriga rasaasta rasaasta ay diyaarin doonto sida soo kabashada batteriga u yahay?

Qore:Iflowpower -Iibiyaha Saldhigga Korontada ee la qaadan karo

Dhawaan, Wasaaradda Deegaanka Ecological waxay soo saartay heerka ilaalinta deegaanka ee gobolka "Waste lithium-ion kaydinta korantada korantada ee tignoolajiyada xakamaynta wasakhowga (Draft for Comment)" (halkan ka dib waxaa loo tixraacaa "Qeexitaannada Farsamada"), oo loogu talagalay in laga hortago qashinka lithium-ion awoodda baytariyada kaydinta si ay u wasakheeyaan deegaanka, ilaalinta caafimaadka aadanaha. Shiinaha ayaa leh suuqa baabuurta tamarta cusub ee ugu weyn adduunka, sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, xawaaraha horumarku waa mid degdeg ah. Bateriga lithium ion waxaa loo arkaa inuu yahay mid ka mid ah unugyada tamarta ee ay door bidaan baabuurta tamarta cusub sababtoo ah faa'iidooyinka cufnaanta tamarta sare, waxqabadka is-dejinta yar, isticmaalka dib loo warshadayn karo.

Waxaa xusid mudan in ay sabab u tahay nolosha xaddidan ee batteriga lithium-ion, tignoolajiyada si joogto ah ayaa loo cusbooneysiiyaa, iyo baytariyada lithium-ion waxay ku dhow yihiin inay keenaan miisaan, la xoqay "ugu sarreysa". Haddii batteriga kaydinta awoodda qashinka uu yahay mid aan habboonayn, waxay keenaysaa dhibaatooyin sida caafimaadka, badbaadada, wasakhowga deegaanka. Haddaba waa maxay "Qeexidda Farsamada" uga dhigan tahay warshadaha soo kabashada batteriga ee waddankeyga? Waa maxay nooca kor u qaadida isticmaalka dib-u-soo-nooleynta kheyraadka, iyo xakamaynta wasakheynta batteriga qashinka, iyo sida kor loogu qaado? Si loo hagaajiyo tirakoobka nidaamka, sanadkan batteriga ku shaqeeya dalkaygu wuxuu geli doonaa miisaanka hawlgabka, marka loo eego 70% waxaa loo isticmaali karaa xisaabinta jaranjarada, qiyaastii 60,000 oo tan oo baytari koronto ah ayaa loo baahan yahay in la tirtiro.

Dib u warshadaynta batteriga korontadu waa dhowdahay. Meesha lagu luminayo kaydinta tamarta lithium ion, sida loo helo nadiif, cagaar, hab badbaado leh, dhibaatooyinkani waxay noqdaan diiradda walaacyada warshadaha. Soo bandhigida "Qeexitaannada Farsamada" waxay u oggolaan kartaa warshadaha inay horumariyaan waddooyinka.

"Qeexitaannada Farsamada" marka hore waxay si cad u qeexayaan "khashinka lithium ion kaydinta tamarta": luminta qiimaha asalka ah ee isticmaalka, ama bateriga kaydinta lithium-ion ee aan lumin, laakiin la tuuray ama la dayacay, kuma jiraan soo celinta ugu weyn ee nolosha shelf Ogaanshaha cilladda, dayactirka baytari kaydinta tamarta lithium-ion. Dheeraad ah, laga bilaabo dhinacyada shuruudaha tignoolajiyada xakamaynta wasakheynta, shuruudaha maaraynta deegaanka hawlgalka, shuruudaha maaraynta xaaladaha degdega ah ee deegaanka, iwm. baytariga tamarta hadda jira, cagaarinta habka dib u warshadaynta batteriga korontada, kor u qaadida warshadaha horumarsan oo heersare ah.

"Cilmi-baadhaha Machadka Injineerinka Geedi socodka ee Akadeemiyada Sayniska Shiinaha" Sayniska Sayniska Shiinaha ". "Kahor intaanan, dalkaygu si gaar ah uma soo bandhigin shuruudaha ka hortagga wasakheynta ee warshadaha soo kabashada batteriga, kaliya sharciyada guud. "Yang Qingyu, ku xigeenka xoghayaha guud ee Isbahaysiga Battery ee Shiinaha, wuxuu aaminsan yahay in sida qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah nidaamka caadiga ah ee warshadaha dib-u-warshadaynta," Tilmaamaha Farsamada "waxay leedahay sifooyinka warshadaha lafteeda, waxayna soo bandhigeen shuruudo faahfaahsan oo gaar ah oo loogu talagalay xakamaynta wasakheynta dib-u-warshadaynta u dhiganta. shirkadaha, caawin In warshadaha dib-u-warshadaynta batteriga korantada, horumarinta deegaanka saaxiibtinimo, kor u isbeddelka warshadaha iyo cusboonaysiinta.

Dhab ahaantii, sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, siyaasadaha dib-u-warshadaynta batteriga korantada guriga ayaa sii waday inay cusboonaysiiso, ku lug leh hababka maaraynta baytariyada awoodda, maaraynta raadinta, dhismaha madal maamulka, xaaladaha caadiga ah, dhismaha bannaanka iyo hawlgalka, iwm, iyo dhisidda dib-u-warshadaynta baytariyada iyo ka faa'iidaysiga nolol buuxda dalka meerto Nidaamka Halbeegga ah, haga warshadaha horumarka caafimaadka leh, kor u qaadida amniga baytariga iyo dib u warshadaynta habaysan. Hagida siyaasadu waxay kor u qaadaa wacyiga soo kabashada ganacsiga.

Marka loo eego Tirakoobka Isbahaysiga Batroolka Shiinaha, laga bilaabo Febraayo 2020, 130 shirkadood oo dalka ah ayaa ku dhawaaqay 11229 xarumo adeeg oo dib u warshadayn ah, celcelis ahaan shirkadda baabuurta ayaa ku dhawaaqday 86 xarumood oo dib u warshadayn ah. "Nidaamka siyaasadda si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa loo sameeyay, heerka si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa loo hagaajiyay, iyo dhismaha dhammaan nidaamka kanaalka dib-u-warshadaynta ayaa sidoo kale ahaa mid aad u badan." Yang Qingyu ayaa yidhi.

Ka duwan shuruudaha kala duwan ee shuruudaha kala duwan, hagaajinta joogtada ah ee xakamaynta wasakhaysan ee silsiladda awoodda, kor u qaadida horumarinta cagaaran waarta ee warshadaha. Marka la eego shuruudaha tignoolajiyada xakamaynta wasakheynta, "Qeexaha Farsamada" ayaa lagu faahfaahiyay shuruudaha tignoolajiyada xakamaynta wasakhowga, dhammaadka shuruudaha tignoolajiyada xakamaynta wasakheynta. Sun Wei ayaa sheegay in marka la eego dariiqa farsamada, ay jiraan laba nooc oo waaweyn oo codsiyada warshadaha ah.

Mid ka mid ah noocyada waa habka soo kabashada wadajirka ah ee dabka-qoyan, si batteriga qashinka loogu diyaariyo dhalaalid heerkul sarreeya, qoyan oo dheeraad ah iyo nadiifin, taasoo keentay alaabada la xidhiidha. Nooc kale waa daaweynta hore ee pyrolysis - biraha qoyan ee dib-u-warshadaynta isku dhafan. Taasi waa, walxaha dabiiciga ah ee batteriga qashinka ayaa marka hore la saaraa, kala-soocidda ayaa la doortaa, budada madow ee hodanka ku ah walxaha lithium-ka ayaa la helayaa, ka dibna budada madow waxaa dib u soo ceshanaya habka qoyan ee qoyan si loo sii diyaariyo batteriga si wanaagsan. maaddo.

"Labada dariiqo waxay leeyihiin sifo, rajo oo dhan 'laga bilaabo batteriga', ka dibna 'ku soo noqo batteriga'." Sun Wei ayaa tiri. Dhab ahaantii, marka la eego warshadaha dib-u-warshadaynta baytariyada korontada, dalkaygu wuxuu galay safka hore, "sababtoo ah dhibaatooyinkeena iyo baahidayada ayaa horay u soo muuqday, oo degdeg ah".

Dib-u-warshadaynta baytariyada tamarta lithium-ion ee qashinka ah ee ku lug leh ururinta, kaydinta, gaadiidka, iyo daadinta, jebinta, kala-soocidda, biraha soo saarista, iwm., qaybo kala duwan ayaa leh shuruudo kala duwan oo lagu xakameynayo wasakheynta. Yang Qingyu ayaa u sheegay "Sayniska Sayniska Shiinaha", ururinta kaydinta, isaga oo diiradda saaraya dhibaatada daadinta korantada.

Lithium hexafluorophosphate waa qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee elektrolytka, qiyaastii 43% electrolyte, way fududahay in la beddelo, sii daayo wasakhowga hydrogen fluoride deegaanka. Nooca burburinta, isku xirka dhalaalku wuxuu u baahan yahay inuu hubiyo xulashada jawiga shaqada, iyo daaweynta qiiqa wasakhda biyaha wasakhda ah. "Xaqiiqso soo kabashada badbaadada cagaaran, oo u dhow xiritaanka shirkadaha, qalabka deegaanka, tignoolajiyada ilaalinta deegaanka, iwm.

"Sun Wei waxa kale oo ay sheegtay in khatarta batteriga korantada wasakhowga deegaanka ay tahay mid ka mid ah arrimaha ugu walaacsan ee warshadaha Haddii daawadu ay tahay mid aan habooneyn, korontada haraaga ah waxay keeni kartaa gubasho iskeed ah, qarax, iwm. Wuxuu tilmaamay in "habkii daawaynta hore ay tahay diiradda xakamaynta wasakheynta soo kabashada batteriga.

"Sannadihii la soo dhaafay, shirkadaha ay khusayso waxay bilaabeen inay naqshadeeyaan sida loo tixgeliyo sida loo sameeyo mid ku habboon, badbaado leh iyo deegaanka saaxiibtinimo marka bateriga la soo celiyo inta lagu jiro dhammaadka hore ee batteriga." Si loo tixgeliyo baahida baabuurta korontada, dhibaatada weli waa weyn tahay, laakiin waxaa jira isku dayo gudaha iyo dibadda ah oo lagu sahaminayo. "Sun Wei ayaa tiri.

Rajadu waxay leedahay sahan balaadhan oo joogto ah, horumarka degdega ah ee baabuurta tamarta cusub ayaa keentay kobaca unugyada tamarta lithium-ion, sidoo kale waxay keentay rajo balaadhan oo suuqa ah dib u warshadaynta baytariyada awooda lithium ion. Waxaa jira saadaasha xogta, sanadka 2020, suuqa dib u warshadaynta batteriga ee dalkaygu wuxuu gaari doonaa 10.7 bilyan yuan, kaas oo qiyaastii ah 6.

4 bilyan yuan ee tareenada, iyo suuqa dib u soo kabashada ayaa ku saabsan 4.3 bilyan yuan. Yang Qingyu waxa uu sheegay in udub dhexaadka dib u warshadaynta baytarigu ay tahay in la kordhiyo meertada nolosha batteriga oo dhamaystiran, korna loo qaado qiimaha dib u soo kabashada.

Waxaa ka mid ah, jaranjarada batterigu waa mid mudan in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho, laga bilaabo batteriga korontada laga soo dejiyo gaariga cusub ee tamarta, marka loo eego amniga ogaanshaha iyo qiyaasta nolosha, waxa kale oo lagu dabaqi karaa baabuurta korantada ee xawaaraha yar, baaskiilada korantada, qaybinta yar yar. kaydinta tamarta. "Marka lagu daro tignoolajiyada, warshadaha hadda jira waxay aad uga walaacsan yihiin miisaanka dib-u-warshadaynta iyo dhaqaalaha. "Yang Qingyu wuxuu ku kalsoon yahay, tirada batariyada tamarta hawlgabka ah ee suuqa ayaa ka hooseeya rajada warshadaha, soo kabashada kuma filna, la'aanta saameynta miisaanka ayaa laga yaabaa. waa dhibaatada guud ee shirkadaha dib u warshadaynta batteriga.

Aragtidiisa, sababta waxaa ka mid noqon kara miyir-qabka macaamiisha, kanaalada dib-u-warshadaynta maaha kuwo siman, iwm. "Marka awoodda batteriga la dhimo 80%, waxay gaartaa heerka qashinka baabuurta, laakiin batarigu wuu sarreeyaa, macaamilkuna wuu ' Beddelka batteriga uma fiicna sidii labadii sano ee la soo dhaafay, "Yang Qingyu wuxuu sheegay in guud ahaan, baytarigu shaqada ka fariistay, warshaduhu waa ballaaran yihiin, dhinac wuxuu u baahan yahay inuu ku hago macaamiisha inay dib u warshadeeyaan baytariyada iyada oo loo marayo kanaalada caadiga ah, dhinaca kale, si loo xoojiyo. kormeerka.

Li Jinhui, Professor Li Jinhui, oo ah Kulliyadda Deegaanka ee Jaamacadda Tsinghua, aragtida dhow ee xaashida 15-aad ee Maareynta Qashinka Adag iyo Shirka Caalamiga ah ee Tignoolajiyada, dhismaha hadda ee nidaamka dib-u-warshadaynta baytariga awoodda waddankeyga ma qummana. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, nidaamka dib-u-warshadaynta batteriga korontadu waxay inta badan ku tiirsan tahay dhismaha shirkadaha wax soo saarka baabuurta, waxaa jirta khatar amni, iyo xirfad-yaqaannada hawl-wadeennada ayaa ah mid aan ku filnayn. Intaa waxaa dheer, daboolka nidaamka soo kabashada batteriga awoodda ayaa kordhay, iyo kharashka guud ee soo kabashada waa mid sarreeya, waxtarka dib-u-warshadaynta iyo ka faa'iidaysiga ma aha mid muuqda.

Waa in la xoojiyaa iskaashiga ganacsiyada kor iyo hoosba, waxaana loo baahan yahay in la hagaajiyo qoondaynta kheyraadka ee nidaamka dib u warshadaynta. Aragtida Qorraxda, mustaqbalku wuxuu u baahan yahay inuu xoojiyo heerka otomaatiga ee tignoolajiyada soo kabashada batteriga iyo qalabka. "Farqiga u dhexeeya kala duwanaanshaha kala duwanaanshaha batteriga awgeed, waxaa jira horumar weyn oo xagga farsamada ah ee burburinta iyo tignoolajiyada kale.

"Khubarada ayaa tilmaamay in ay lagama maarmaan tahay in la sameeyo silsilad warshadaha dib-u-warshadaynta baytari oo ay hogaaminayso shirkad, iyo sidoo kale loo baahan yahay in kor loo qaado hagida, taageerada sayniska, taageerada dadweynaha, iwm. Shiinaha Science News.