Amabhethri e-asidi ewumthofu agelezela "edolobhaneni elimnyama" abhebhethekise ukungcoliswa kwensimbi esindayo

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Fa&39;atauina Fale Malosi feavea&39;i

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umbuso ukhiphe izinyathelo ezinhlobonhlobo zenqubomgomo yokumisa ukucutshungulwa nokubuyiselwa kwebhethri le-lead-acid, kodwa izintatheli ziye zathuthuka e-Jiangsu, e-Guangdong, e-Ningxia nakwamanye amazwe, futhi ukungcoliswa kwenqubo yokucubungula nokubuyisela kuphindaphinda. Ikakhulukazi kusixhumanisi sokuthola kabusha, uhlangothi olulodwa luyinkampani eholayo evuselelayo ngokuvamile "idla unsaturated", kodwa olunye uhlangothi yinani elikhulu lamabhethri emfucumfucu ageleza abe "mnyama". Ngokusho kwabangaphakathi embonini, amabhethri aneasidi yomthofu anomthofu onzima, izingozi zokungcoliswa kwe-asidi ekucutshungulweni nasekululameni, futhi izehlakalo zokungcola ziye zabhebhethekisa ukungcoliswa kwensimbi enamandla.

Ukuze sisebenzise ngempumelelo uhlelo lokunwetshwa kwesibopho somsebenzi, kufanele siqhubeke sithuthukise izinqubomgomo nemithethonqubo efanele, sethule ukubuyiselwa kwediphozi yemvelo, futhi senze ukuhlelwa nokuthuthwa kwamabhethri e-acid enomthofu. Ukungcoliswa kokucubungula kwebhethri elineasidi yomthofu kuvimbele kaningi ukuhola ekuholeni kwenkampani ekubeni khona kokunqwabelana okungafunwa, isikhathi eseqile kanye ne-metastasis engekho emthethweni, futhi sekube ukhiye nobunzima bokugadwa kokuphepha kwemvelo okubandakanya ukungcoliswa kwensimbi enamandla. NgoMeyi walo nyaka, uMnyango Wemboni Yemikhiqizo Yabathengi woMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi wenze ukutholwa kwe-Jiangsu Shuzhai Battery Co.

, Ltd., futhi bathola ukuthi i-Jiangsu Shuzhai Battery Co., Ltd.

inokwephulwa okungathi sína kokuthi "Izimo Ezivamile Zemibandela Yomkhakha Webhethri". Amanye ama-workshops okucubungula umthofu awavaliwe njengoba kudingekile, futhi indawo yokucubungula ayihlukanisiwe ngokuqinile nezifunda ezingacutshungulwa. Inkundla yomthombo kazwelonke wokulawula ukungcoliswa kweSifundazwe sase-Jiangsu ithole ukuthi izindlela zokuzibheka ezibuyekeziwe zenkampani ngoMasingana wezi-2017 zibonisa ukuthi ukulungiswa kabusha kokukhiqizwa kwamabhethri ane-asidi eholayo kanye namabhethri alahlwayo, okwezinkampani ezilawula izinsimbi zikazwelonke ezisindayo.

Ngaphezu kokungcola okuvamile, amanzi angcolile embonini Yebhethri Lechweba aqukethe umthofu wensimbi esindayo, umugqa ophelele, ukungcola okwenziwa ngesandla nokugadwa okuzenzakalelayo, okuhlanganisa i-COD, i-pH nomthofu. Umthofu uyinsimbi esindayo, umthofu nezinhlanganisela zawo zingena emzimbeni womuntu, zingase zidale ukulimala ezimisweni eziningi ezinjengemizwa, i-hematopoietic, ukugaya ukudla, izinso, inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kanye ne-endocrine, ngisho nobuthi bomthofu. Kunenhlangano yezenhlalakahle yomphakathi ezosampula amanzi angcolile asolwayo enkampani, futhi yagunyaza ingxenye yesithathu yokuhlolwa kweziqu "i-Bansenmei Commodity Test (Shanghai) Co.

, Ltd." (okubhekiselwa kukho "njengokumele kuhlolwe") ukubola kokuhlola. Umbiko wokubola wokuhlinzekwa kokuhlolwa kwe-Biwei ubonisa ukuthi inhlangano yezenhlalakahle yomphakathi isampula odongeni olungaphandle lwebhethri lokuqubuka, okuyi-2.

23, ene-asidi eqinile, okuqukethwe okuholayo kwensimbi esindayo kungu-8150 micrograms / amalitha. Into efana nezixhumanisi zokucubungula ibhethri le-lead-acid akusona isibonelo. E-Jiangxi Yifeng Industrial Park, ngokwemibiko yabezindaba, indawo yokubhukuda yefekthri evulekile yebhethri igcwele udaka lomthofu we-slag, egcwele ngasese ngodoti womthofu.

Ngokomnyango wokuvikelwa kwemvelo esiFundazweni saseMpumalanga, baye balungisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ibhethri le-asidi eholayo kanye nezimboni zomthofu ezivuselelwe, ezingaphansi kwezinzuzo zezomnotho nezimo zobuchwepheshe, futhi ukulahlwa kwemfucumfucu enzima kuhlobene nokubukeka kwangempela. Ukuhola kwenkampani enkampanini akunankinga, futhi sekuphenduke ukhiye nonzima ukubandakanya ukugadwa kokuphepha kwemvelo okubandakanyeka enkampanini. Inani elikhulu lamabhethri emfucuza agelezela "emakethe emnyama" ngenxa yomthamo olinganiselwe wokwenza kabusha, ubungozi bokulawula, njll.

Njengamanje, isimo sokungahlelekile semboni yokutholwa kwebhethri le-lead-acid engcolile sisekhona. Zisengaphezu kwengxenye yezifundazwe ezingenazo iziqu zokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lead-acid. Ingena endaweni yokusebenzela ye-Ningxia, i-Ningxia, i-Ningxia, i-Ningxia, i-Ningxia, kanye nentatheli babone ukuthi ucezu lwebhethri le-asidi ewudoti lungena "ekanini elikhulu" ngebhande lokuthutha, kanye nebhethri livela ngesikhathi kuqhubeka inqubo.

Isixazululo se-asidi sihlanzwa ngamanzi ukuxazulula ukuhlanzwa kwezingqimba zesistimu. Ngokohlaziyo lwe-Ningxia Environmental Protection Hall, okwamanje kunamabhethri e-lead-asidi amabili afanelekayo agaywa kabusha, axazulula inkampani, anamandla okukhokhela amathani ayi-180,000 / ngonyaka. Ngokwezilinganiso, i-Ningxia inamathani angaba ngu-80,000 amabhethri emfucuza minyaka yonke, kodwa lezi zinkampani ezimbili zingabuyisa amathani amahlanu noma angama-60,000 kuphela ngonyaka, kanti amanye amabhethri asetshenzisiwe asageleza “emakethe emnyama”.

Ucwaningo lwentatheli luthole ukuthi kunezigameko zokutholwa kwezindawo zokucobelelana ngolwazi ezingekho emthethweni eminyakeni yamuva nje. NjengoJuni 2017, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kweSifunda sase-Jiangsu Nantong Tongzhou, ukuphepha komphakathi kanye neminye iminyango iye yagqekeza izindawo ezi-5 ezilahle ngokungemthetho imfucuza yamabhethri e-lead-acid asetshenzisiwe; ngoJanuwari 2018, uMnyango Wezokuphepha Komphakathi Wesifunda SaseShanxi wakhipha ibhethri le-asidi ewudoti njengezinto zokusetshenziswa. Iqembu lezigebengu lokuhlakaza, ukuncibilikisa, ukudayisa ingots yomthofu "udrako owodwa".

"Umnyango wezokuphepha komphakathi uye wazama" i-workshop encane ", ibhizinisi lenkampani licacile kakhulu. U-Yang Wenli, uSihlalo we-Ningxia Ruiyin Nonferrous Metal Technology Co., Ltd.

izwe lami liyizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni lokucubungula ibhethri elineasidi eholayo futhi elithumela ngaphandle. Ngokwesimemezelo sakamuva se-NDR, ngonyaka wezi-2017, ukukhiqizwa okuholayo kwezwe lami bekungamathani ayizigidi ezi-4.72, okubalelwa ku-44% wengqikithi yokuphuma komthofu.

Ukutholwa kwemfucuza yamabhethri e-lead-asidi sekuthathe isikhathi eside, futhi "Izinyathelo Zokuvimbela I-Battery Industry Heavy Metal Pollution Comprehensive Prevention (Uhlaka Lokuphawula)" olwamenyezelwa eMnyangweni Wokusebenza wango-2010, kuphawulwe ukuthi amabhethri e-lead-acid angcolile emazweni athuthukile njenge-Europe, United States, Japan. Izinga lokuthola kabusha lidlule ama-90%, kuyilapho izinga lokutakula elihlelekile lezwe lami lingaphansi kwama-30%. Eqinisweni, ukuze kulinganiswe ukutholwa kwamabhethri e-lead-asidi kadoti, eminyakeni yamuva nje, iminyango efanelekile ikhiphe izinyathelo ezinhlobonhlobo zenqubomgomo.

Kodwa-ke, isimo samanje sokuphazamiseka kwemboni yokutholwa kwebhethri le-lead-acid engcolile sisekhona. Indawo yokusinda yenkampani esemthethweni yokugaywa kabusha yacindezelwa, futhi "uhlamvu lwemali oluphansi" lwakheka kububanzi bebhethri le-asidi yomthofu. Amanye "ama-workshops amancane" angekho emthethweni anokungaziphathi kahle kanye nezinkampani ezijwayelekile zithatha ibhizinisi.

Inhlolovo yentatheli ithole ukuthi izici ezilandelayo ziphumela ekwakhekeni "kwezinhlamvu zemali eziphansi". Okokuqala, ukugaywa kabusha okusemthethweni kuxazulula izindleko zokucubungula zenkampani. U-Yang Wenli uthe ekutshalweni kwempahla engaguquki, impahla yenkampani yokuvikela imvelo yenza ama-40%, kanye nokusebenza nokugcinwa kahle, ukwehla kwenani nezinye izici, futhi izindleko zemvelo zibalelwa ngaphezu kuka-20% wezindleko eziphelele zokubuyiselwa komthofu ovuselelekayo.

Futhi ngokungemthetho "i-workshop encane" ithembele ngembazo, isitofu sanele, cishe u-zero, ukuze bakwazi ukwandisa kakhulu intengo yokuthenga, kanye nebhizinisi elivamile lokubamba inkampani. Okwesibili, akukho ukubambisana phakathi kokuquleka. Abaphendula bakholelwa ukuthi ububanzi bebhethri ye-lead-acid ewudoti bukhulu, futhi iminyango efanele ingashadile kunzima ukuba nayo.

Imoto yamanje evamile ye-4S shop waste cell recovery isezingeni elifanele, kodwa ukuntuleka kwamaphuzu okulungisa imoto kukhutshaziwe, isikali sihlukile, ubuningi Baningi, lokhu kuphinde kwandise ukulawulwa kweminyango yokuphatha. Okwesithathu, ukugaywa kabusha kwabathengi akunamandla. Umuntu ophethe i-Guangdong Circular Economy Association uthe ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuqonda okulimazayo kwamabhethri e-lead-acid engcolile, akunakwenzeka ukubamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekubuyiseni udoti wamabhethri e-lead-acid, okuholela ekutheni kube nemishini eminingi yokuvuselela amabhethri empilweni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathengi abaningi abanalo ulwazi ngamashaneli agaywe kabusha angekho emthethweni. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusungulwa kwesistimu yokwandisa umthwalo weprosesa sekube yisivumelwano sokucutshungulwa kokutholwa kwebhethri le-lead-acid, abanye ohulumeni basekhaya, izinhlangano zomphakathi, izinkampani, njll. zisebenzisa ngenkuthalo ukuqaliswa kokucutshungulwa kwebhethri le-lead-acid.

Njengoba isidingo semakethe siqhubeka siye ku-Zhang Da, izwe lami seliyimakethe yebhethri ene-asidi eholayo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, futhi inani lamabhethri e-lead-asidi engcolile eliye laba khona unyaka ngamunye lingaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi ezi-3. Kunezifundazwe eziningi ezikhulayo, futhi amandla emakethe amabhethri e-asidi kadoti ngeke athathwe kancane. Ebhethrini ngalinye, ipuleti le-lead pole lithatha u-74% wesabelo, kanti i-sulfuric acid yenza ama-20%.

Isikhathi eside, ngenxa yohlelo oluphelele lokutakula amabhethri e-lead-asidi yezwe lami, iningi lamabhethri e-lead-acid angcolile agcina egelezekile endaweni yokusebenzela encane engekho emthethweni ukuze ahlakazeke, ukushiya isigxobo esiholayo, ipeni le-asidi-uketshezi liqondile, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kuphansi kakhulu , Ukulimala komzimba womuntu kanye nendawo ezungezile. Ezweni lami elingamathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.3 wamabhethri e-lead-acid e-lead e-China, ingxenye yokululama evamile ingaphansi kwama-30%, agqitshwe ngenxa yokungcola okucashile okuyingozi.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusungulwa kwesandiso sesibopho somprosesa sekuyisivumelwano sokwelashwa kokutholwa kwebhethri le-lead-acid, futhi umnyombo walo ungokuqondisa kwabacubungula umkhiqizo ukuze bathathe umthwalo wemfanelo wokusebenzisa udoti kanye nensiza ngemva kokulahlwa, futhi inqubo yenjabulo izosebenzisa ukulawula umthombo womkhiqizo, Ukucutshungulwa okuluhlaza, ngaleyo ndlela kukhulise ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwensiza emjikelezweni wokuphila ogcwele. NgoZibandlela wezi-2016, iHhovisi Elivamile LoMkhandlu Wezwe lakhipha ukuqaliswa kwe-"Processing Outlook", ukuze kusetshenziswe izinhlobo ezi-4 zemikhiqizo efana namabhethri e-lead-acid, kanye nokusungulwa kohlelo lokulandelelwa komjikelezo wempilo egcwele yomkhiqizo, ukusekela " Ukuthuthukisa amazinga okubuyisela esimweni esidala, futhi uhlole ukuqoqwa kokuhlanganiswa kwamabhethri e-lead-acid nezindlela zokudlulisa izifunda. NgoJulayi 2017, Ikhomishini Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko yabamba isemina mayelana nokuqaliswa kwesistimu yokwandisa umthwalo webhethri elicutshungulwa yi-lead-acid, yaxoxa ngokuthuthukiswa nendlela yokuthuthukisa izibalo, ukuqinisekiswa, ukuhlola, ukugada nokulungiswa okuhlosiwe, kanye nokuphakamisa imigomo yokugaywa kabusha nokusetshenziswa kokuhlaziya.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe amabhethri e-lead-asidi ukuze alinganise ukugaywa kabusha, abanye ohulumeni basekhaya, izinhlangano zomphakathi, izinkampani, njll. bagqugquzela ngenkuthalo ukuqaliswa kokunwetshwa kwesibopho sokucubungula ibhethri le-lead-acid ngamaleveli ahlukene.