Isivinini sokukhuphuka kwebhethri le-lithium akulindelekile ukuthi sisebenzise kabusha izinkampani okunzima ukuzibuyisela

Автор: Iflowpower – Портативті электр станциясының жеткізушісі

Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, ngenza "umoya", futhi Ngenani elikhulu lika-Jiang Liang (igama elingelona iqiniso) lenkampani egaya kabusha amabhethri, kodwa muva nje. Angiqondi ukuthi kungani, yena kanye nebhethri "izinga elincane" eligaywe kabusha alikho njengoba kuhleliwe. “Ayikavulwa ngokuphelele, kodwa (ukukhuphuka) kusekude nokulindelwe.

U-Chen Liang uthe inkampani isiqalile ukusebenza ngonyaka odlule, ukubuyiswa konyaka kungaphezu kwamathani ayi-100, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kudlule amathani ayinkulungwane kulo nyaka. Ngokusekelwe esibikezelweni sethemba lemakethe, amandla okukhiqiza enkampani yakhe akhushulwe afinyelela kumathani ayi-12,000. Esimeni esinjalo, inkampani kaChen Liang isesimweni lapho kunzima ukubuya.

Ukubikezelwa kwemboni yangaphambili ukuthi ngenxa yokuphila kwebhethri ye-lithium yamandla, ne-batch yokuqala yebhethri yemoto yamandla entsha egxilwe ku-2016, iphephandaba lebhethri ye-lithium-ion lizokwethulwa ngo-2018 "I-Small The Peak "- inani le-scrap lidlula amathani angu-1.70,000, imakethe ingaphezu kwe-20203 billion, futhi ifinyelele lezi zinombolo ezingaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-20203. 200,000 amathani kanye ne-10.

1 billion yuan ngokulandelanayo. Woza ekhekheni elikhulu emakethe yebhiliyoni, kodwa akazange abunambithe ubumnandi, futhi ngokufanayo no-Chen Liang, inkampani esemthethweni yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri ezwe ukuthi imakethe enkulu yokwehla ngokwengqondo yemakethe yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri akuyona inombolo encane. U-Gao Weiqiao, iphini lomphathi jikelele we-Zhejiang Huayou Circular Technology Co.

, Ltd., utshele izintatheli zokubhekwa kwezomnotho, kanye nenkampani yayo yokushayela ibhethri ye-lithium yokubuyisela ibhethri cishe amathani angu-1,000 kuphela ngonyaka odlule, futhi akukho okuthiwa "isilinganiso esincane", okuholela ekungabazeni kwayo kakhulu "Iphi ibhethri ehlala phansi,". Ukwakheka kokwakheka ukuthi amanye amabhethri asetshenziswe kabusha "ama-workshop amancane" asebenza ngokugcwele.

Intatheli ye-Economic Observer ithole ukuthi inqobo nje uma igama elithi "amandla e-lithium battery + recovery" lifakwe endaweni yokusesha, lizophuma olwazini lwezinkulungwane zokugaywa kabusha kwasekhaya kwenani eliphezulu. Intatheli ishayela enye ye "Recycling Company" eseBeijing ukuze kuboniswane. U-Wang Wang ubike intengo ephezulu engu-15,000 yuan/ton ebhethrini le-lithium-ion lama-yuan amathathu, elicishe libe ngama-50% ngaphezu kwentengo yemakethe yokugaya kabusha yenkampani.

Cishe ngesikhathi somnyango, kusho ukuthi ngenxa yebhizinisi elimatasa, kuyadingeka ukuhlela emva kwezinsuku ezimbili. "Iqhwa nomlilo izinsuku ezimbili" ku-ginseng ehlukene uhlala emakethe efanayo, okubonisa ukusebenza kwemakethe yokuvuselela amabhethri ". “Amabhethri alahliwe, okungenani uhhafu angena emakethe emnyama, ahlakazwa ngokungemthetho.

"UZhao Xiaoyong, umphathi jikelele weBeijing Said US Resource Rehabilitation Research Institute Co., Ltd. UGao Wei Joe utshele izintatheli ukuthi lesi silinganiso singase sibe phezulu futhi sifinyelele ku-70%.

Futhi lokhu akuphazamisanga nje kuphela ukuncintisana kwezimakethe, kodwa okubi nakakhulu ukuletha ukungcola okungenakulungiseka kanye nomonakalo endaweni yezenhlalo. Ukuphendula ukudla okungenhla "okumnyama nokumhlophe okubili", uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi ngaphambilini ushicilele inani lezinqubomgomo zokufuna ukuphathwa, ukulandeleka, kanye nokuqaphela ukumiswa komkhakha wokutholwa kwebhethri ngokuphathwa komjikelezo webhethri. Ngomhla ziyi-10 kuMandulo, uMnyango Wezimboni Nolwazi wafuna iseluleko mayelana ne-"New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling Service Network Construction and Operation Guide", eyaveza ukuthi izinkampani ezifana nokukhiqizwa kwezimoto zamandla amasha kanye nesitebhisi kufanele zisungule izindawo zokudayisa kabusha ngokuhambisana nezidingo zokuphatha zikazwelonke ezifanele futhi ziqinise ibhethri elilahlwayo.

Landelela, lindela ukuthuthukisa isiphithiphithi semboni sokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Mesonglin, abahlaziyi abakhulu, bathi inkampani yokuvuselela amabhethri ayizange iwabone kakhulu amaholide emakethe. Kungenzeka ukuthi njengoba izwe liqala ukubuyiselwa kwebhethri e-Beijing, e-Tianjin, e-Shanghai, e-Guangdong, e-Hunan nakwezinye izifunda, faka Izinkampani eziningi kakhulu embonini yokubuyisela ibhethri zihlanganisa izimoto ezintsha zamandla, abahlinzeki bebhethri, izinkampani ezizimele zokuvuselela ibhethri, njll.

, okubangela i-shunt yokugaywa kabusha kwamashaneli ebhethri. Ngaphansi kwesimo salolu hlobo lwempi, kuzoba khona noma kuzobhekana nokushayisana phakathi kwenkampani esemthethweni egaywa kabusha. Ihlobo lemakethe emnyama? Izimoto ezintsha ezinamandla yizinto ezintsha ezithuthukile eminyakeni yamuva.

Kusukela ngo-2015, inani lokuthengisa liye landa ngokushesha ngemva kokuphromotha, ngakho-ke alukho uhlelo oluphelele lokulawula ekugayweni kabusha kwezimoto zamandla amasha. Futhi lokhu kudale izimo zenkambu yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium yamandla ukuze kugaywe kabusha imfucuza. Ngokwemininingwane, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zezwe lami eChina kungu-320,000, futhi okungenani amabhethri ezimoto ayi-100,000 okulindeleke ukuthi ageleze emakethe emnyama.

Ngokusho kwabangaphakathi embonini, "ama-workshops amancane" ngokuvamile azoba nezindlela ezimbalwa zokucubungula ngemva kokuthola ibhethri. Phakathi kwazo, ibhethri elivame ukuhlakazwa, likhipha insimbi eyigugu njenge-cobalt, i-lithium, futhi iyathengisa. Ngokusho kwedatha, ifinyelele ngaphezu kwe-600,000 ngethani ngalinye lapho intengo yezinsimbi ze-cobalt ezingavuseleleki iphezulu kakhulu.

Lapho intatheli ye-Economic Observer, yabuza "Inkampani Yokugaywa kabusha" u-Wang e-Beijing ebuza ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri. Esho ngokungagwegwesi: “Asiyibuyisele emuva ukuze siyihlakaze, sicwengisise izinsimbi zakho ukuze uzidayise. "Ngaphezu kokuhlakaza ibhethri, kunezindaba embonini eziveza ukuthi lezi" izinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi "zizothengisa izimoto zabo zikagesi ezihamba ngesivinini esiphansi, amabhayisikili kagesi namanye amazwe, kanye nokuphepha kokushayela kulezi zakamuva.

Ukudala ingozi enkulu efihliwe. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nabangaphakathi embonini ukusho ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi i-workfang encane ayikho emthethweni, futhi ngokusebenza kwezimoto zikagesi ezihamba ngesivinini esiphansi, lokhu kusetshenziswa kwezitebhisi kuncane kakhulu. Endabeni yesigamu sombiko webhethri likadoti emakethe emnyama, ngisho nezinkampani ezijwayelekile zokugaywa kabusha kufanele zisebenzisane ne-black market, zithenge amabhethri kulena yokugcina, ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza komshini wokutshala kanye nokwenza ngcono ibhizinisi.

Lokhu ngokungangabazeki kugcizelela ukuchuma kokugaywa kabusha kwezimakethe ezimnyama. Ngenkathi icindezela amanani entengo aphezulu, inyuse nobunzima benzuzo ezinkampanini ezisemthethweni zokugaywa kabusha. Lezi "workshops ezincane" zingakwazi ukubuyisela amabhethri ngokushelela, futhi ukudla izinkampani ezinkulu ezivamile, kubalulekile ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela zingakwazi ukuvuselela ngokuphawulekayo lapho zilulama.

Umbiko wokubheka umnotho ofundwe kumuntu ophethe inkampani egaya kabusha eseBeijing, isicaphuno sebhethri ye-lithium-ion enezinhlangothi ezintathu singamayuan ayi-15,000 / ton, noma ngabe insimbi esezingeni eliphakeme incane, inani lebhethri le-ion le-lithium iron phosphate nalo lifinyelela ku-12,000 yuan. /Ithani. Izindleko zenkampani yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri ezinikezwe abadayisi abaningi, intengo yezinkampani ezijwayelekile icishe ibe ngu-10,000 yuan/ton, noma ngaphansi ngisho nangaphansi.

Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemishini yobuchwepheshe ngaphandle kokululama kwebhethri nokudilizwa kwebhethri, ibhethri ye-lithium yamandla iqukethe inani elikhulu lokubuyisela ibhethri lezingxenye eziyingozi zomuntu kanye "ne-workshop encane", izoletha izingozi ezinkulu ekuvikelekeni komphakathi kanye nemvelo. Ngokusho kwabangaphakathi embonini, "i-workshop encane" ukuze wonge izindleko, ngokuvamile sebenzisa indlela yokuqala ehlukanisiwe, hhayi nje umonakalo empilweni engokwenyama yabasebenzi, ngisho nezingozi eziqhumayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, "I-Workshop Encane" ayinawo amandla okucubungula wesihlukanisi se-electrolytic liquid elahliwe kanye noketshezi olulahlwayo, kodwa sebenzisa okungcwatshwe ngokungemthetho noma okulahliwe, kodwa isebenzisa izinto ezibonakalayo Ukuvuthwa namanzi emvula, omunye umjikelezo wenhlabathi namanzi kwelinye iqembu kuzodala ukungcoliswa okungenakuhlehliswa.

Ngaphambilini, i-Jiangsu kanye ne-Shanxi baqhekeze izindawo ezimbalwa ezilahle ngokungemthetho amabhethri e-lead-acid engcolile. Lapho intatheli ibuza ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri lika-Wang nokudilizwa, u-Wang wayekhipha okuthi "Yiba" emizuzwaneni embalwa ngemva kokusekelwa. Kodwa noma ngabe uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi noma indawo yendawo, akukho mkhondo wenkampani.

Ukuze kumiswe ukusebenza kokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi umemezele iqoqo lokuqala leqoqo lokuqala le-"New Energy Automobile Waste Battery Comprehensive Utilization Industry], ingqikithi yezinkampani zezimoto ezinhlanu, kanye ne-Jingmen Greenmei Xin Material Co., Ltd., i-Hunan Bangpu Circular Technology Co.

, Ltd., Zhangzhou Huayou Cobalt New Material Co., Ltd.

, Zhangzhou Hapeng Technology Co., Ltd. Abanye abangaphakathi bathi kunezinkampani ezithile ezigunyazwe imvelo kahulumeni wasekhaya, noma zingangena embonini yokubuyisela amandla ebhethri.

Indida yeholo ebuyiselwe ngokusemthethweni, ukuhlukaniswa kwesiteshi kwedolobha, isikhathi senzuzo yenkampani esemthethweni yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri siphushwa kakhulu. U-Chen Liang utshele izintatheli ukuthi ngokohlelo lwenkampani, inkampani ingazuza imali elindelekile ngesikhathi sokululama konyaka noma ngaphansi kwamathani ayi-12,000, okulingana nabagibeli bakagesi abangu-6,000, noma abagibeli bakagesi abahlanzekile abangu-3-5,000. Inombolo yamabhethri.

Kodwa-ke, kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwalo nyaka wamanje, kusekude nomgomo olindelekile. Eqinisweni, kunomthelela ezicini ezifana nokugaywa kabusha nezinye izici, cishe zonke izinkampani ezigaya kabusha amabhethri zibhekana nezinkinga zenzuzo. Esinye isici esithinta umholo wokutholwa kwebhethri ukuthi, inani lebhethri ye-lithium-ion ye-yuan eyishumi enebhethri ephezulu yokululama lincane, futhi ifakwe i-lithium iron supply ye-iron phosphate yizimoto eziningi zamandla amasha eminyakeni emithathu edlule, kodwa okuqukethwe kwensimbi eyigugu yokugcina Ingaphansi, inani eliphansi.

Uchwepheshe wokuvuselela ibhethri uthe entathelini yokubuka umnotho, inani elifanayo lebhethri elilahliwe, ibhethri ye-lithium-ion enezinhlangothi ezintathu, cishe izikhathi ezingu-7-8 kunebhethri ye-ion ye-lithium iron phosphate. UZhao Xiaoyi uthe intatheli ebheka ezomnotho ithe ebhethri le-scrap elatholwa yinkampani, ibhethri ye-lithium phosphate ion ibalwa inombolo enkulu. Kuphela emotweni yokuhlola ekhishwe ngokuqondile emotweni, ingakwazi ukubuyisela inani elincane lama-yuan amathathu.

Ibhethri ye-Lithium Ion. Ukwengeza, njengoba izinqubomgomo zikhuthaza ukwanda kwama-ginsengers, ukuncintisana phakathi kwezinkampani zokubuyisela ibhethri kuya ngokuqina kakhulu. Nakuba uMnyango Wezezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, iqoqo lokuqala lezinkampani zokuvuselela ibhethri "Uhlu Olumhlophe", ngohulumeni wasekhaya, izinkampani ezisebenza ngamabhethri e-lithium anamandla ziye zaqhubeka zanda, ngokuthatha i-Guangdong njengesibonelo, izinkampani ezingu-45 ngoNovemba, izinkampani ezingu-45 e-Guangdong Provincial battery recycling "uhlu olumhlophe".

Kodwa-ke, kuzo zonke, izifundo ezigaywa kabusha ebhethrini ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, zombili izinkampani ezikhiqiza izimoto nebhethri, kanye nenani lezinkampani ezizimele ezigaya kabusha. NgoMashi wonyaka odlule, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, uMnyango Wezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe, uMnyango Wezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe, umemezele isaziso esithi "Izinyathelo Zesikhashana Zokuphathwa Kwebhethri Entsha Yamandla Emoto Yamandla Kagesi", futhi wahlongoza ukuthi ngubani ophethe, ongcolisa olawulayo, ecacisa inkampani ekhiqiza izimoto izokwenza umthwalo wemfanelo weSifundo sokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri lamandla. Ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, njengamanje kunezindawo zokusebenzisa kabusha ze-4145, kodwa lezi zitolo azikwazi ukuhlakazwa ngenxa yebhethri.

Ngokusho koMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, "I-New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling Service Network Construction and Operation Guide", indawo yokukhipha isevisi yokutholwa kwebhethri ngeke ihlakazwe kubhethri lamandla kadoti eliqoqiwe, kodwa kufanele inikezwe inkampani esebenza ngokugcwele. Iladi liyasetshenziswa noma livuselelwe, elivikela ukutholwa kanye nokusebenza kwebhizinisi kwenkampani yokutakula ibhethri ngokwezinga elikhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lokhu kuphinde kukhuthaze ukubambisana okuhlobene phakathi kwamabhizinisi ezimoto nezinkampani ezizimele zokubuyisela ibhethri.

Intatheli ye-Economic Observer ithole ukuthi i-BYD yamanje, i-SAIC, i-SAIC, i-Beiqi New Energy namanye amabhizinisi ezimoto kanye ne-Greenmei nezinye izinkampani ezigaya kabusha amabhethri, zakha ngokuhlanganyela izinhlelo ezintsha zamandla emoto yamandla e-lithium yokutakula ibhethri. UZhao Xiaoyong uthe ibhethri lamanje le-Cerego eligaywe kabusha libalulekile ezinkampanini zezimoto, izimboni ze-elekthronikhi, nezinkampani zezokuthutha. Ngisho nomphakathi uhlose ukwakha imboni yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri, nakuba ifektri itholakala eJalimane, hhayi eyasekhaya, kodwa futhi yenza izimbangi zibe novalo kakhulu.

Ngesikhathi senqubo ephezulu, inhlekelele yomkhakha wokuxova ihlanganisa inkampani ngayinye efuna "ukuveza" emakethe yokutakula ibhethri ye-lithium yamandla. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi wakamuva uzwakalise ukuphendula umbiko wezincomo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwebhethri le-lithium, uzosebenzisa ukubuyiswa kwebhethri kwezimali kanye nentela, ukwehlisa izindleko zokugaywa kabusha, okubhekwa njengokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yebhethri ye-lithium enamandla. Kodwa kunezinkampani ezingakuthembi kangako lokhu, futhi zicabanga ukuthi ukushaywa kwemithetho kanye nokubekwa kwenqubomgomo yezimali kungase kuthathe iminyaka embalwa, futhi izinzuzo zentela azisebenzi ngokuqondile.

Inemali etholwayo elinganiselwe yezinkampani ezithola ibhethri ngesikhathi esifushane. Kukhona nochwepheshe bezimboni abazobeka phambili iziphakamiso zendlela, "kanye nentela yenkampani egaya kabusha, njll. “Umhlaziyi omkhulu embonini yezimoto ukusho lokhu.

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