I-Ecological Environment Department yabhengeza ukuba ukuqalisa kokulawula ukungcoliseka kwebhetri umbane okhokelayo kuya kuyila ukuba kunjani ukubuyiswa kwebhetri?

Umbhali :Iflowpower-UMboneleli weSikhululo saMandla esiphathwayo

Kutshanje, uMphathiswa we-Ecological Environment wakhupha umgangatho wokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo karhulumente "Inkunkuma lithium-ion amandla ogcino ibhetri ulawulo longcoliseko ubuchwepheshe (Draft for Comment)" (apha ekubhekiselwa kuyo njenge "Specifications Technical"), ejoliswe ukuthintela inkunkuma lithium-ion amandla. iibhetri zokugcina ekungcoliseni okusingqongileyo, khusela impilo yabantu. I-China ineyona marike inkulu yehlabathi ye-auto yamandla, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umfutho wophuhliso ukhawuleza. Ibhetri ye-lithium ion ithathwa njengenye yeeseli zamandla ezikhethwa zizithuthi zamandla amatsha ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo zokuxinana kwamandla aphezulu, ukusebenza okuncinci kokuzikhupha, ukusetyenziswa kokusetyenziswa kwakhona.

Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngenxa yobomi obunqamlekileyo bebhetri ye-lithium-ion, iteknoloji ihlaziywa ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye ibhetri ye-lithium-ion isondele ekungeniseni isikali, ichithwe "incopho encinci". Ukuba ibhetri yokugcina amandla enkunkuma ayifanelekanga, iya kuzisa iingxaki ezifana nempilo, ukhuseleko, ukungcola kokusingqongileyo. Ke ithetha ukuthini "iNgcaciso yobuGcisa" kwishishini lelizwe lam lokubuyisela ibhetri? Luhlobo luni lokukhuthazwa kokusetyenziswa ngokutsha kobutyebi, kunye nolawulo longcoliseko lwebhetri yamandla enkunkuma, nendlela yokukhuthaza? Ukuze kuphuculwe izibalo zenkqubo, kulo nyaka ibhetri yelizwe lam elinamandla liya kungena kwisikali somhlalaphantsi, ngokutsho kwe-70% ingasetyenziselwa ukubala ileli, malunga neetoni ezingama-60,000 zebhetri zamandla kufuneka zilahlwe.

Ukurisayikilishwa kwebhetri yamandla kusondele. Apho uchitha khona ukugcinwa kwamandla e-lithium ion, indlela yokufezekisa ucoceko, uhlaza, indlela ekhuselekileyo, ezi ngxaki ziba yingqwalasela yeenkxalabo zeshishini. Ukwaziswa kwe-"Technical Specifications" kunokuvumela ishishini ukuba liphuhlise iindlela.

"Iinkcazo zobuchwephesha" kuqala zinika inkcazo ecacileyo "yenkunkuma ye-lithium ion yokugcina amandla": ukulahlekelwa yixabiso lokuqala lokusetyenziswa, okanye ibhetri yokugcina amandla e-lithium-ion engalahlekanga, kodwa ilahlwe okanye ilahliwe, ayibandakanyi ukubuyiswa okuphambili Ubomi beshelufu Ukufunyanwa kwempazamo, lungisa ibhetri yokugcina amandla e-lithium-ion ehlaziyiweyo. Ngaphaya koko, ukusuka kwimiba yeemfuno zetekhnoloji yolawulo longcoliseko, iimfuno zolawulo lokusingqongileyo, iimfuno zolawulo olungxamisekileyo lokusingqongileyo, njl.njl. "Okwangoku, iimfuno zeshishini lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukuqaliswa kwe" IiNkcazo zeTekhnoloji ", ngokubakho okanye umngcipheko wongcoliseko olunokwenzeka. ibhetri yamandla yangoku, luhlaza inkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe ibhetri yamandla, ukukhuthaza ushishino olusemgangathweni oluphuhlayo.

"Umphandi weNkqubo yobuNjineli yeZiko leeSayensi zaseTshayina" Iindaba zeSayensi yaseTshayina ". "Ngaphambi koku, ilizwe lam alizange libeke phambili iimfuno zokuthintela ungcoliseko kushishino lokubuyisela ibhetri, imithetho jikelele kuphela. "U-Yang Qingyu, usekela-nobhala jikelele we-China Battery Alliance, ukholelwa ukuba njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yonke ye-recycling ye-normative system," i-Technical Specifications "ineempawu zeshishini ngokwalo, kwaye ibeka phambili iimfuno ezicacileyo kunye nezicacileyo zokulawula ukungcola kwi-recycling ehambelanayo. iinkampani, uncedo Kwishishini lokurisayikilisha ibhetri ukuya kuphuhliso oluluhlaza, oluhambelana nokusingqongileyo, ukukhuthaza inguqu yemizi-mveliso kunye nophuculo.

Enyanisweni, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imigaqo-nkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe ibhetri yamandla asekhaya iqhubekile nokuhlaziya, ebandakanya iindlela zokulawula ibhetri yamandla, ulawulo lokulandelela, ukwakhiwa kweqonga lolawulo, iimeko ezisemgangathweni, ukwakhiwa kwendawo kunye nokusebenza, njl. Umjikelo welizwe Inkqubo esemgangathweni, isikhokelo sophuhliso olusempilweni, ukukhuthaza ukhuseleko lwebhetri yamandla kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe ngocwangco. Isikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo sikhuthaza ukuvuswa kwakhona kweshishini.

NgokweStatistics of China Battery Alliance, ukusukela ngoFebruwari ka-2020, iinkampani ezili-130 elizweni zibhengeze iindawo zokuphinda zisetyenziselwe ukusetyenzwa kwakhona kwe-11229, kwaye i-avareji yenkampani yeemoto ibhengeze iindawo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe. "Inkqubo yomgaqo-nkqubo yenziwa ngokuthe ngcembe, umgangatho uphuculwa ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yonke yetshaneli yokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona kuye kwaba ngakumbi." U-Yang Qingyu uthe.

Ukwahluka kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zeemfuno ezahlukeneyo, ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kokulawulwa kongcoliseko lwekhonkco lamandla, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo oluluhlaza kwishishini. Ngokweemfuno zeteknoloji yokulawula ungcoliseko, "IiNkcazo zoBuchule" zichazwe ngokweenkcukacha kwiimfuno zobuchwepheshe bokulawula ungcoliseko, iimfuno zobuchwepheshe bolawulo longcoliseko lokuphelisa. U-Sun Wei uthe ngokwemigaqo yezobugcisa, kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zezicelo zoshishino.

Olunye uhlobo yinkqubo yokubuyisela edibeneyo yomlilo, ukwenzela ukuba ibhetri yenkunkuma ilungiswe ngokunyibilika kobushushu obuphezulu, ukuhlukana okumanzi ngakumbi kunye nokuhlanjululwa, okukhokelela kwiimveliso ezihambelanayo. Olunye uhlobo yi-pyrolysis pretreatment - i-metallurgy emanzi edityanisiweyo nenkqubo yokurisayikilishwa. Oko kukuthi, into ephilayo yebhetri yenkunkuma iqale isuswe, kwaye ukukhetha kukhethwe, umgubo omnyama otyebileyo kwizinto ezityebileyo ze-lithium ufunyenwe, emva koko umgubo omnyama ufunyanwa yinkqubo yokucoca emanzi ukulungiselela ngakumbi ukulungiselela ibhetri elungileyo. impahla.

"Iindlela ezimbini zinesici, lonke ithemba 'ukusuka kwibhetri', emva koko 'ubuyele kwibhetri'. "U-Sun Wei uthe. Enyanisweni, ngokubhekisele kwishishini lokuphinda lisetyenziswe ibhetri, ilizwe lam liye laya phambili, "kuba iingxaki zethu kunye nemfuno zivele ngaphambili, zingxamisekile".

Inkunkuma yamandla ebhetri ye-lithium-ion iphinda isetyenziswe equka ukuqokelela, ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa, kunye nokukhutshwa, ukuphuka, ukuhlenga, ukukhutshwa kwesinyithi, njl., amacandelo ahlukeneyo aneemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokulawula ukungcola. U-Yang Qingyu uxelele "Iindaba zeSayensi yaseChina", ekuqokeleleni ukugcinwa, kugxininise kwingxaki yokuvuza kwe-electrolyte.

I-Lithium hexafluorophosphate yeyona ndawo ibalulekileyo ye-electrolyte, malunga ne-43% ye-electrolyte, kulula ukuyijika, ukukhulula ungcoliseko lwe-hydrogen fluoride kwindalo. Kuhlobo lokuqhaqha, ikhonkco lokunyibilikisa kufuneka liqinisekise ukukhethwa kwendawo yokusebenza, kunye nokunyangwa kokukhupha amanzi amdaka amdaka. "Qinisekisa ukubuyiswa kokhuseleko oluluhlaza, kufutshane nendawo ebiyelweyo yamashishini, izixhobo zokusingqongileyo, itekhnoloji yokhuselo lokusingqongileyo, njl.

"I-Sun Wei yathi kwakhona umngcipheko wokungcoliseka kwebhetri yamandla yenye yezona zinto zichaphazelekayo kwishishini. Ngaphandle kokuvuza kwe-electrolyte, kukho ukungcoliswa kwensimbi enzima ye-nickel yobhedu, i-residue yenkunkuma yesibini ngexesha lonyango; ukongeza , ukuba unyango alufanelekanga, umbane oshiyekileyo unokubangela ukuvutha ngokuzenzekelayo, ukuqhuma, njl.

"Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iinkampani ezifanelekileyo ziye zaqala ukuyila indlela yokuqwalasela indlela yokwenza lula ngakumbi, ukhuseleko kunye nokusingqongileyo xa ibhetri ifunyenwe ngexesha lokuphela kwebhetri. "Ukuqwalasela iimfuno zezithuthi zombane, ubunzima. isenkulu ngokwentelekiso, kodwa kukho iinzame ekhaya naphesheya ukuhlola. "Utshilo uSun Wei.

Amathemba anoluhlu olubanzi lokuphonononga okuqhubekayo, kwaye uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha luye lwakhokelela ekukhuleni kweeseli zamandla e-lithium-ion, kwaye kwakhona kwazisa ithemba lemarike elibanzi ekuhlaziyweni kweebhetri zamandla e-lithium ion. Kukho uqikelelo lwedatha, ngo-2020, imakethi yelizwe lam yokuphinda isetyenziswe ibhetri iya kufikelela kwi-10.7 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, emalunga ne-6.

I-4 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan koololiwe, kwaye imarike yokuhlaziya imalunga ne-4.3 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan. U-Yang Qingyu uthe undoqo wokurisayikilishwa kwebhetri kukwandisa umjikelo wobomi obupheleleyo bebhetri, ukonyusa ixabiso lokuhlaziya.

Phakathi kwabo, ileli yebhetri ifanelwe ingqalelo, ukusuka kwibhetri yamandla ekhutshwe kwisithuthi samandla esitsha, ngokujonga ukhuseleko kunye nokuqikelelwa kobomi, ingasetyenziselwa kwiimoto zombane eziphantsi kwesantya, iibhayisikili zombane, ezincinci ezisasazwayo. ukugcinwa kwamandla. "Ukongezelela kwitekhnoloji, ishishini langoku lixhalabele ngakumbi malunga nokuphinda kusetyenziswe isikali kunye noqoqosho. "U-Yang Qingyu uzithembile, inani leebhetri zamandla ezidla umhlala-phantsi kwimarike lingaphantsi kolindelo lweshishini, ukubuyiswa akwanelanga, ukungabikho kwempembelelo yesikali ibe yingxaki eqhelekileyo yamashishini okuhlaziya ibhetri.

Ngokombono wakhe, isizathu sinokubandakanya ukuqonda kwabathengi, iziteshi zokuphinda zisetyenziswe azikho kakuhle, njl. indawo yebhetri ayilunganga njengeminyaka emibini. "UYang Qingyu uthe ngokubanzi, ibhetri idla umhlalaphantsi, ishishini libanzi, icala elinye lifuna ukukhokela abathengi ukuba bahlaziye iibhetri ngokusebenzisa iziteshi eziqhelekileyo, kwelinye icala, ukomeleza. ukubeka iliso.

U-Li Jinhui, uNjingalwazi uLi Jinhui, iKholeji yeNdalo yeYunivesithi yaseTsinghua, kwimbono yamva nje yephepha le-15th ye-15th Solid Waste Management and Technology International Conference, ukwakhiwa kwangoku kwenkqubo yokubuyisela ibhetri yelizwe lam ayifezekanga. Okwangoku, inkqubo yokuhlaziya ibhetri yamandla ixhomekeke ikakhulu kulwakhiwo lwamashishini okuvelisa iimoto, kukho umngcipheko othile wokhuseleko, kwaye ubugcisa babasebenzi abanelanga. Ukongeza, ukugqunywa kwenkqubo yokubuyisela ibhetri yamandla kunyuswa, kwaye ixabiso lokubuyisela liphezulu, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhlaziywa kunye nokusetyenziswa akubonakali.

Intsebenziswano yamashishini anyukayo nasezantsi iza komelezwa, kwaye ulwabiwo lwezibonelelo zenkqubo yokurisayikilisha kufuneka luphuculwe. Ngokombono weLanga, ikamva lifuna ukuqinisa inqanaba lokuzenzekelayo lobuchwepheshe bokubuyisela ibhetri kunye nezixhobo. "Ngenxa yomahluko kumahluko ohlukeneyo kwipakethi yebhetri, kukho ukuphucuka okukhulu kwitekhnoloji yokudilizwa kunye nobunye ubuchwephesha.

"Iingcali zabonisa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwenza ikhonkco lenkampani yokubuyisela ibhetri, kwaye kufuneka kwakhona ukukhuthaza isikhokelo, inkxaso yesayensi, inkxaso yoluntu, njl. I-China Science News.