I-Ecological Environment Department yabhengeza ukuba ukuqalisa kokulawula ukungcoliseka kwebhetri umbane okhokelayo kuya kuyila ukuba kunjani ukubuyiswa kwebhetri?

著者：Iflowpower – Portable Power Station ပေးသွင်းသူ

Kutshanje, iSebe le-Ecological Environment likhuphe umgangatho wokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo karhulumente "Inkunkuma lithium-ion amandla ogcino ibhetri yolawulo longcoliseko iteknoloji yolawulo longcoliseko (Iidrafti for Comment)" (emva koku kubhekiselwa kuyo njenge "Specifications Technical"), ejoliswe ukuthintela inkunkuma lithium-ion yokugcina amandla iibhetri ukungcolisa indalo, ukukhusela impilo yabantu. I-China ineyona marike inkulu yehlabathi ye-auto yamandla, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, isantya sophuhliso siyakhawuleza. Ibhetri ye-lithium ion ithathwa njengenye yeeseli zamandla ezikhethwa zizithuthi zamandla amatsha ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo zokuxinana kwamandla aphezulu, ukusebenza okuncinci kokuzikhupha, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona.

Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngenxa yobomi obunqamlekileyo bebhetri ye-lithium-ion, iteknoloji ihlaziywa ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye ibhetri ye-lithium-ion isondele ekungeniseni isikali, ichithwe "incopho encinci". Ukuba ibhetri yokugcina amandla enkunkuma ayifanelekanga, iya kuzisa iingxaki ezifana nempilo, ukhuseleko, ukungcola kokusingqongileyo. Ke ithetha ukuthini "iNkcazo yobuGcisa" kwishishini lelizwe lam lokubuyisela ibhetri? Luhlobo luni lokukhuthazwa kokusetyenziswa ngokutsha kobutyebi, kunye nolawulo longcoliseko lwebhetri yamandla enkunkuma, nendlela yokukhuthaza? Ukuze kuphuculwe izibalo zenkqubo, kulo nyaka ibhetri yelizwe lam elinamandla liya kungena kwisikali somhlalaphantsi, ngokutsho kwe-70% ingasetyenziselwa ukubala ileli, malunga neetoni ezingama-60,000 zebhetri zamandla kufuneka zilahlwe.

Ukurisayikilishwa kwebhetri yamandla kusondele. Apho uchitha ukugcinwa kwamandla e-lithium ion, indlela yokufezekisa ucoceko, uhlaza, indlela ekhuselekileyo, ezi ngxaki ziba yingqwalasela yeenkxalabo zeshishini. Ukwaziswa kwe-"Technical Specifications" kunokuvumela ishishini ukuba liphuhlise iindlela.

"Iinkcazo zobuchwephesha" kuqala zinika inkcazo ecacileyo "yenkunkuma ye-lithium ion yokugcina amandla": ukulahlekelwa yixabiso lokuqala lokusetyenziswa, okanye ibhetri yokugcina amandla e-lithium-ion engalahlekanga, kodwa ilahlwe okanye ilahliwe, ayibandakanyi imbuyekezo ephambili yobomi beshelufu Ukubona impazamo, ukulungisa ibhetri yokugcina amandla e-lithium-ion. Ngaphaya koko, ukusuka kwimiba yeemfuno zetekhnoloji yolawulo longcoliseko, iimfuno zolawulo lokusingqongileyo, iimfuno zolawulo olungxamisekileyo lokusingqongileyo, njl. "Okwangoku, iimfuno zoshishino zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukuqaliswa kwe" IiNkcazelo zobuGcisa ", ngokubakho okanye umngcipheko wongcoliseko onokubakho webhetri yamandla akhoyo, uhlaza inkqubo yokuhlaziya ibhetri yamandla, ukukhuthaza ushishino oluphuhlisayo olusemgangathweni.

"Umphandi weNkqubo yobuNjineli beZiko leZiko leSayensi yaseTshayina" Iindaba zeSayensi zaseTshayina ". Ngaphambi koku, ilizwe lam alizange libeke phambili iimfuno zokuthintela ungcoliseko kumzi-mveliso wokubuyisela ibhetri yamandla, kuphela imithetho jikelele. "UYang Qingyu, usekela nobhala jikelele we-China Battery Alliance, ukholelwa ukuba njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yonke ye-recycling ye-normative system," IiNkcazo zobuGcisa "zineempawu zoshishino ngokwazo, kwaye zibeke phambili iimfuno ezicacileyo kunye nezithe ngqo zokulawula ungcoliseko kwiinkampani ezihambelanayo zokurisayikilisha, uncedo Kumashishini okuhlaziya ibhetri ukuya kuhlaza, ukuguqulwa kobume nokusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso.

Enyanisweni, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imigaqo-nkqubo yokuhlaziya ibhetri yamandla asekhaya iqhubekile nokuhlaziya, ebandakanya iindlela zokulawula ibhetri yamandla, ulawulo lokulandelela, ukwakhiwa kweqonga lolawulo, iimeko ezisemgangathweni, ukwakhiwa kwe-outlet kunye nokusebenza, njl. Isikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo sikhuthaza ukuqatshelwa kwakhona kweshishini.

NgokweStatistics of China Battery Alliance, ukusukela ngoFebruwari ka-2020, iinkampani ezili-130 elizweni zibhengeze iindawo zokuphinda zisetyenziselwe ukusetyenzwa kwakhona kwe-11229, kwaye i-avareji yenkampani yeemoto ibhengeze iindawo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe. "Inkqubo yomgaqo-nkqubo yenziwa ngokuthe ngcembe, umgangatho uyaphuculwa ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ukwakhiwa kwayo yonke inkqubo yetshaneli yokurisayikilisha nayo ibe ngaphezulu. Yang Qingyu uthe.

Ukwahluka kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zeemfuno ezahlukeneyo, ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kokulawulwa kongcoliseko lwekhonkco lamandla, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo oluluhlaza kwishishini. Ngokweemfuno zeteknoloji yokulawula ungcoliseko, "IiNkcazo zoBuchule" zichazwe ngokweenkcukacha kwiimfuno zobuchwepheshe bokulawula ungcoliseko, iimfuno zobuchwepheshe bolawulo longcoliseko lokuphelisa. U-Sun Wei uthe ngokwemigaqo yezobugcisa, kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zezicelo zoshishino.

Olunye uhlobo yinkqubo yokubuyisela edibeneyo yomlilo, ukwenzela ukuba ibhetri yenkunkuma ilungiswe ngokunyibilika kobushushu obuphezulu, ukuhlukana okumanzi ngakumbi kunye nokuhlanjululwa, okukhokelela kwiimveliso ezihambelanayo. Olunye uhlobo yi-pyrolysis pretreatment - i-metallurgy emanzi edityanisiweyo nenkqubo yokurisayikilishwa. Oko kukuthi, i-organic matter ye-bettery yenkunkuma iqale isuswe, kwaye ukukhetha kukhethwe, umgubo omnyama ocebileyo kwizinto ezicebileyo ze-lithium ufunyenwe, kwaye ke umgubo omnyama ufunyanwa yinkqubo yokucoca emanzi ukuze uqhubeke nokulungisa izinto ezintle zebhetri.

"Ezi ndlela zimbini zinenqaku, lonke ithemba &39;lisuka kwibhetri&39;, emva koko &39;libuyela ebhetri&39;. "Utshilo uSun Wei. Enyanisweni, ngokubhekisele kwishishini lokuphinda lisetyenziswe ibhetri, ilizwe lam liye laya phambili, "kuba iingxaki zethu kunye nemfuno zivele ngaphambili, zingxamisekile".

Inkunkuma yamandla ebhetri ye-lithium-ion iphinda isetyenziswe equka ukuqokelela, ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa, kunye nokukhutshwa, ukuphuka, ukuhlenga, ukukhutshwa kwesinyithi, njl., amacandelo ahlukeneyo aneemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokulawula ukungcola. U-Yang Qingyu uxelele "Iindaba zeSayensi yaseChina", ekuqokeleleni indawo yokugcina, egxininisa ingxaki yokuvuza kwe-electrolyte.

I-Lithium hexafluorophosphate yeyona ndawo ibalulekileyo ye-electrolyte, malunga ne-43% ye-electrolyte, kulula ukuguquguquka, ukukhulula ungcoliseko lwe-hydrogen fluoride kwindalo. Kuhlobo lokuqhaqha, ikhonkco lokunyibilikisa kufuneka liqinisekise ukukhethwa kwendawo yokusebenza, kunye nokunyangwa kokukhupha amanzi amdaka amdaka. "Qinisekisa ukubuyiswa kokhuseleko oluluhlaza, kufutshane nendawo ebiyelweyo yamashishini, izixhobo zokusingqongileyo, itekhnoloji yokhuselo lokusingqongileyo, njl.

"U-Sun Wei uphinde wathi umngcipheko wokungcoliseka kwebhetri yamandla yenye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo kwishishini. Ukongeza kokuvuza kwe-electrolyte, kukho kwakhona ukungcoliswa kwensimbi enzima ye-nickel yethusi, intsalela yenkunkuma yesibini ngexesha lonyango; ukongeza, ukuba unyango alufanelekanga, umbane oshiyekileyo unokubangela ukutsha okuzenzekelayo, ukuqhuma, njl. Wachaza ukuba "inkqubo yonyango yangaphambili yingqwalasela yokulawula ukungcoliseka kwebhetri yamandla.

“Kwiminyaka yamva nje, iinkampani ezifanelekileyo ziqalisile ukuyila indlela yokujonga indlela yokwenza lula ngakumbi, ikhuseleke kwaye ikhuseleke ngokusingqongileyo xa ibhetri ifunyenwe ngexesha elingaphambili lebhetri. “Ukuthathela ingqalelo iimfuno zezithuthi zombane, ubunzima busenkulu noko, kodwa kukho iinzame zasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe zokuhlola. "Utshilo uSun Wei.

Amathemba anoluhlu olubanzi lokuphonononga okuqhubekayo, kwaye uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha luye lwakhokelela ekukhuleni kweeseli zamandla e-lithium-ion, kwaye kwakhona kwazisa ithemba lemarike elibanzi ekuhlaziyweni kweebhetri zamandla e-lithium ion. Kukho uqikelelo lwedatha, ngo-2020, imakethi yelizwe lam yokuphinda isetyenziswe ibhetri iya kufikelela kwi-10.7 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ezimalunga ne-6.

I-4 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan koololiwe, kwaye imarike yokuhlaziya imalunga ne-4.3 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan. U-Yang Qingyu uthe undoqo wokurisayikilishwa kwebhetri kukwandisa umjikelo wobomi obugcweleyo bebhetri, ukonyusa ixabiso lokuhlaziya.

Phakathi kwabo, i-ladder yebhetri ifanelwe ingqalelo, ukusuka kwibhetri yamandla ekhutshwe kwisithuthi samandla esitsha, ngokwendlela yokubona ukhuseleko kunye nokuqikelelwa kobomi, ingasetyenziselwa kwiimoto zombane eziphantsi kwesantya, iibhayisikili zombane, ukugcinwa kwamandla amancinci. "Ukongezelela kwitekhnoloji, ishishini langoku lixhalabile ngakumbi malunga nokuphinda kusetyenziswe isikali kunye noqoqosho. "U-Yang Qingyu uzithembile, inani leebhetri zamandla ezidla umhlala-phantsi kwimarike lingaphantsi kolindelo lweshishini, ukubuyiswa akwanelanga, ukungabikho kwempembelelo yesikali kunokuba yingxaki eqhelekileyo yamashishini okuhlaziya ibhetri.

Ngokombono wakhe, isizathu sinokubandakanya ukuqonda kwabathengi, iziteshi zokuphinda zisetyenziswe azilungile, njl. “Xa amandla ebhetri ethotyiwe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80%, ifikelela kumgangatho wokulahlwa kwemoto, kodwa ibhetri iphezulu, kwaye umthengi ‘uya kubuyisela ibhetri ayilunganga njengeminyaka emibini. "U-Yang Qingyu uthe ngokubanzi, ibhetri idla umhlala-phantsi, ishishini libanzi, icala elinye lifuna ukukhokela abathengi ukuba bahlaziye iibhetri ngokusebenzisa amajelo aqhelekileyo, kwelinye icala, ukomeleza ukubeka iliso.

U-Li Jinhui, uNjingalwazi uLi Jinhui, iKholeji yeNdalo yeYunivesithi yaseTsinghua, kwimbono yamva nje yephepha le-15th ye-15th Solid Waste Management and Technology International Conference, ukwakhiwa kwangoku kwenkqubo yokubuyisela ibhetri yelizwe lam ayifezekanga. Okwangoku, inkqubo yokuhlaziya ibhetri yamandla ixhomekeke ikakhulu kulwakhiwo lwamashishini okuvelisa iimoto, kukho umngcipheko othile wokhuseleko, kwaye ubuchwephesha babasebenzi abanelanga. Ukongeza, ukugqunywa kwenkqubo yokubuyisela ibhetri yamandla kunyuswa, kwaye iindleko zokubuyisela ziphezulu, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye nokusetyenziswa akubonakali.

Intsebenziswano yamashishini anyukayo nasezantsi iza komelezwa, kwaye ukwabiwa kwezibonelelo zenkqubo yokurisayikilisha kufuneka kwandiswe. Ngokombono weLanga, ikamva lifuna ukuqinisa inqanaba lokuzenzekelayo lobuchwepheshe bokubuyisela ibhetri kunye nezixhobo. "Ngenxa yomahluko kumahluko ohlukeneyo kwipakethi yebhetri, kukho ukuphucuka okukhulu kwitekhnoloji yokudilizwa kunye nobunye ubuchwephesha.

"Iingcali zachaza ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwenza ikhonkco lenkampani yokubuyisela ibhetri, kwaye kufuneka kukhuthazwe isikhokelo, inkxaso yesayensi, inkxaso yoluntu, njl. Iindaba zeNzululwazi zaseTshayina.