Ukuchacha rhoqo kungaphantsi kwe-30% inkunkuma ye-asidi yelahleko yebhetri "ikhaya likamama" kunzima ukuyifumana

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Pembekal Stesen Janakuasa Mudah Alih

Ngokweengxelo, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kuzwelonke ukuveliswa kwebhetri ye-asidi kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe ukuveliswa kwebhetri ye-lead-asidi kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe ukuveliswa kwebhetri ye-lead-acid kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe, iprojekthi yokuhlaziya, njl., njl. Ukusuka kumda wesizwe, iyakusebenzisa isikhokhelo esithile ekumiseleni ukufunyanwa kwakhona kwenkunkuma yeasidi yebhetri.

Ngophando, umbhali wafumanisa ukuba ukujongana nenkunkuma edidayo ngoku i-lead-acid yokubuyisela ibhetri kunye nongcoliseko lwe-asidi ye-lead, ngokukhawuleza ukuseka inkqubo yokubuyisela isandi esisinyanzelo ngenxa yeemeko zendawo. Ukuthobela isikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo, intsebenziswano yesebe, amanyathelo amaninzi, ukuhlaziya, kulungelelanisa ngokuqinileyo inkunkuma ye-lead-asidi ukubuyiswa kwebhetri, ukunqanda ukungcoliseka kwendalo kunye nobungozi bokusingqongileyo obubangelwa ukulahla ngokungekho mthethweni iibhetri ze-lead-acid. Ngokwedatha efanelekileyo, inani lelizwe lam lonyaka leebhetshi zenkunkuma ligqithile kwi-3.

I-3 yezigidi zeetoni, ngelixa ukubuyiswa kweeyunithi zoshishino ezibambe ilayisensi yoshishino lwenkunkuma enobungozi kungaphantsi kwe-30%, kwaye ezinye iindawo zingaphantsi. Isixa esikhulu senkunkuma ye-asidi yebhetri ithengiselwa iinkampani zokulahlwa ngokungekho mthethweni ngemingxunya yokurisayikilisha. Kungekudala, umbhali wabona ukubuyiswa kwebhetri ye-lead-acid kumasebe afanelekileyo, inani elikhulu leebhetri ze-lead-asidi ezisetyenzisiweyo zisetyenziselwa iinqwelo ezahlukeneyo zokuthutha ukuthunyelwa kwamahhala; iindawo zogcino zazilula, kwanokupakishwa komoya ovulekileyo, ngokusisiseko akukho milinganiselo yokusingqongileyo; abarhwebi abancinci abancinci ngakumbi Ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zothutho, ibhetri iye yachithwa ngaphambi kokuthengisa inkunkuma ikhokelela kwiindawo zokubuyisela, kwaye i-lead-acid liquid itshiswe.

Umbhali ufumene ukuba ubuncinci ipesenti ezimbini zeebhetri ze-acid lead zishiye kuphela ibhetri. Ekubeni intsimi yolwelo lwe-lead-asidi ingenakubanjwa, isebe lokongamela kaninzi alinawo amandla okutshabalalisa okusingqongileyo. Ngokubhekiselele kwibhetri yeasidi yelothe efunyenweyo, imingxunya ehlaziyiweyo iya kuthengiswa kumazimba amancinane okanye iworkshop encinci emva kokufumana umahluko othile, kwaye ukurisayikilishwa kobungcali akunakwenzeka ngakumbi.

Inkqubo enjalo yokurisayikilisha ayijongelwa phantsi kokusingqongileyo. Uphando lombhali lufumene ukuba kukho imiba ye-3 ngenxa yokubuyiswa kokuphazamiseka kwebhetri ye-acid lead. Okokuqala, ichatshazelwa ngumahluko kwixabiso lokubuyisela, kwaye inkampani yokubuyisela ngokusesikweni ayikwazi ukukhuphisana nabathengisi babucala.

Kulwelo oluneasidi yelothe ngaphandle kwexabiso lokuphinda lusetyenziswe, iinkampani ezilahlwa ngokungekho mthethweni iibhetri ezineasidi yelothe azenzi unyango olungenabungozi, yaye ixabiso lokuyilahla liphantsi ngokwentelekiso. Ke ngoko, ixabiso labo lokufumana kwakhona ukukhokelela kwintengiso liphezulu kunenkampani eqhelekileyo. Iqhutywa ngumdla wezoqoqosho, kukho imoto, indawo yokulungisa imoto yombane iya kuthengisa ngokwemvelo, ngubani othengisa kubani, ukuze kube nzima ukulahla inkunkuma ye-asidi yeebhetri, kwaye ukulahlwa ngokusesikweni kweshishini lenkampani kubanda.

Okwesibini, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo oxhasayo, inkqubo yokuhlaziya esemgangathweni ayikasekwa. Nangona inkunkuma lead-asidi ibhetri sele ibandakanyiwe kwiNational Hazardous Waste Directory, kwaye ilizwe liphinde likhuphe "IiNkcazelo zobuChwephesha zoLawulo loNgcoliseko lweBattery yokuFumana" (HJ519-2009), ukulahlwa kobutyebi obungenabungozi bokuchithwa kweebhetri zokugcina i-lead-acid Yenza icace. Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemimiselo efunekayo kunye nokhuseleko olusisiseko oluhambelanayo, ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yokuhlaziya kunzima ukubona ngexesha elifutshane, okukhokelela ekuhlolisweni okuhlukeneyo kunye nokusekwa kwenkqubo yokubuyisela kwakhona kwaye incinci esebenzayo, inkunkuma esemgangathweni ehamba phambili ye-asidi Ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yokuhlaziywa kwebhetri yi-hysteresis.

Okwesithathu, ibhetri ye-lead-asidi yenkunkuma inoluhlu olubanzi lwemithombo, kwaye isebe lokukhusela indalo lilodwa. Imoto yangoku yesiqhelo ye-4S yevenkile yenkunkuma-i-catalyst isemgangathweni, kodwa imoto, indawo yokugcina imoto yombane isasazekile, isikali sihluke, inani likhulu, ibhetri ye-lead-acid iyabhideka ngakumbi, eye yandisa isebe lolawulo. Ubunzima bokulawula.

Ngoko ke, ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yokubuyisela ibhetri ye-lead-acid yiprojekthi enkulu yentlalo yoluntu ebandakanya iinkalo ezininzi zolawulo lwentlalo. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kweendlela zokusebenza, amanye amasebe okanye iiyunithi azifuni kuthabatha inxaxheba, kuphela lisebe lolongamelo lwenkunkuma eyingozi ekudla ngokuba nzima ukusombulula ngokusisiseko. Ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo olubangelwa yinkunkuma yeebhetri ze-asidi yelothe luyaziwa, kwaye ilothe yesinyithi esinzima kunye nesisombululo se-electrolyte kunzima kakhulu ukuthoba kunye netyhefu.

Ukulahlwa ngokungekho mthethweni, kungangcoliseki ngokunzulu umhlaba kunye nokusingqongileyo kwamanzi kuphela, kodwa kwakhona kubangela umonakalo emoyeni, ibhalansi ye-ecological, kwaye kuya kubangela izifo zabantu. Ke ngoko, kusetyenziso lwangoku lokubuyiselwa ngocwangco kweebhetri ze-asidi yenkunkuma ekhoyo ngoku, kuyangxamiseka ukuseka inkqubo yohlaziyo emiselwe ngokweziko, kuthintelwe ukuba sesichengeni kongcoliseko lwebhetri yelethe-asidi endala. Kule nkalo, umbhali uneziphakamiso ezi-3.

Okokuqala, phucula imithetho efanelekileyo kunye nemimiselo ngokukhawuleza, kwaye unqande ngokuqatha ukulahlwa ngokutsha okungekho mthethweni kwebhetri ye-lead-asidi endala. Nangona ezinye iindawo zikhuphe "Isaziso sokuqinisa uLawulo lokuBuyiselwa kokuBuyiselwa kweNkunkuma yeNkunkuma", ukulungiswa okukhethekileyo kweebhetri ze-lead-asidi zenkunkuma ziyenziwa, kodwa ukulawulwa kweebhetri ze-lead-asidi zenkunkuma azizange ziphakame kwinqanaba lemithetho kunye nemimiselo. , Kusekho into ethi "i-tube emoyeni".

Ukunqongophala kweziseko zolawulo ezihlala ixesha elide phantsi kwemiqathango yomthetho, kukwanzima kakhulu ekuziphatheni ngokungekho mthethweni. Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba ubhekiselele kwimeko efanelekileyo yeYurophu kunye ne-United States, kwaye usebenzise imithetho nemimiselo ukuqinisekisa ukubuyiswa okusemgangathweni kunye nokulahlwa kweebhetri ze-acid lead. Okwesibini, hlanganisa ulawulo loluntu lwamandla amacandelo amaninzi, uphonononge ukusekwa kwenkqubo epheleleyo nesebenzayo yokuhlaziya kwakhona.

Ngokumalunga nokusekwa kwenkqubo yokubuyisela umgangatho, amanqaku abalulekileyo kunye nobunzima kwimoto engacwangciswanga, indawo yokulungisa imoto yombane. Nangona kungekho nkunkuma ikhokelela ekubeni indawo nganye yokulungisa yenzeke yonke imihla, ezi ndawo zogcino zinkulu, kwaye nenani lenkunkuma ye-asidi yeebhetri eziphuma kwezi ndawo ngokwendalo inkulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yosasazo, incinci ngokwentelekiso kwizithintelo zayo ezisebenzayo, okukhokelela kwinto yokuba kuhlala kunzima ukuyimisa emgangathweni ukubuyiswa kwebhetri ye-lead-asidi.

Ngoko ke, kufuneka sibambelele ekubopheni i-blocker, kwaye sakhe inkqubo yokubuyisela echanekileyo kunye namandla amaninzi. Kwelinye icala, kuyafuneka ukuba kuthintelwe, kusetyenziswe idolophu, iqela lolawulo lwemesh lokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo, iqela lezomthetho likamasipala wesixeko, njl.njl., mabahlule ukulahlwa kwebhetri okukhokelela ekuthengiseni kunye nokubekwa kweliso, kwaye bayeke ukuphanda nzulu kwaye bajongane nokuziphatha kokuthengisa ngokungekho mthethweni.

Isenokuthi idityaniswe nesebe lezothutho kwisebe lezothutho, kwaye "iLayisensi yoShishino loThutho lweNdlela" ichithwe ngokomthetho ngokomthetho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngesiseko sokunika inkuthazo yomgaqo-nkqubo wemali kunye nerhafu, unike umdlalo ogcweleyo ekusebenziseni inkampani yokubuyisela ngokusesikweni, ngokusebenzisa isikhokelo sikarhulumente, ukuseka isethi yeebhetri ze-acid lead kwi-recycling yemihla ngemihla okanye i-fixed-point recycling kunye nokuthutha, ukugcinwa, kunye nenkqubo yokuphatha. Ukongeza, kunokwenzeka ukuba uhlolisise ukuba ngubani oveliswayo, obuyiselwayo.

Isishwankathelo, akukho mfuneko kuphela yokuqinisekisa ukuba inkunkuma ekhokelela inokufunyanwa, kodwa ifunyenwe ngokucokisekileyo, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukufezekisa uxhulumaniso olungenamthungo ukusuka kwimbonakalo. Okwesithathu, ukukhuthaza ngamandla iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ukuba zithathe indawo yeebhetri ze-lead-asidi, kwaye uzame ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lwe-asidi yelothe. Okwangoku, nangona uninzi lwabantu lubonile ukuba unyango lwebhetri ye-lead-asidi yenkunkuma luya kubangela ungcoliseko olukhulu kokusingqongileyo, luchatshazelwa yimeko yexabiso, uninzi lwabantu luya kukhetha ixabiso lebhetri yeasidi yemoto yombane exabiso likhulu xa kuthengwa iimoto zombane.

Kule nkalo, amasebe karhulumente kuwo onke amanqanaba kufuneka athathe amanyathelo okukhuthaza ngamandla iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezithatha indawo ye-lead-acid. Kwelinye icala, kufuneka sandise upapasho, sivumele abantu baqonde ngakumbi umahluko kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion kunye neebhetri ze-lead-acid, kwaye uphumelele inkxaso yoluntu lonke, ukhokela wonke umntu ukuba ancame iimfuno zabo zoqoqosho ukukhusela okusingqongileyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufuneka yamkelwe ngokufanelekileyo, umzekelo, ukusebenzisa i-tax leverage, ukuphucula i-lead-acid ibhetri yerhafu yemoto yombane, ukunciphisa iibhetri ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo ezifana neebhetri ze-lithium-ion, izithuthi zombane, okanye ukunika inkxaso yemoto.

Ngomnye umzekelo, ngokuthe ngcembe ucinezele ibhetri ye-lead-asidi kwimveliso yemoto yombane, kwaye imarike iya kukhetha isithuthi sombane se-lithium-ion ibhetri, ngaloo ndlela isombulula ingxaki yokuphinda isetyenziswe ngokungekho mthethweni kwebhetri yelahle eshiyiweyo.