Ukuchacha rhoqo kungaphantsi kwe-30% inkunkuma ye-asidi yelahleko yebhetri "ikhaya likamama" kunzima ukuyifumana

Umbhali :Iflowpower-Umboneleli weSikhululo saMandla esiphathwayo

Ngokweengxelo, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kuzwelonke ukuveliswa kwebhetri ye-asidi kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe ukuveliswa kwebhetri ye-lead-asidi kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe ukuveliswa kwebhetri ye-lead-asidi kunye nokurisayikilishwa, ukurisayikilishwa, iprojekthi yokuhlaziya, njl. njl. isikhokhelo esithile sisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukufunyanwa kwakhona kwenkunkuma yeasidi yebhetri.

Ngophando, umbhali wafumanisa ukuba ukujongana nenkunkuma edidayo ngoku i-lead-acid yokubuyisela ibhetri kunye nongcoliseko lwe-asidi ekhokelayo, ngokukhawuleza ukuseka inkqubo yokubuyisela isandi esisinyanzelo ngenxa yeemeko zendawo. Ukuthobela isikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo, intsebenziswano yesebe, amanyathelo amaninzi, ukuhlaziya, kulungelelanisa ngokungqongqo inkunkuma ye-lead-acid recovery yebhetri, ukunqanda ukungcoliseka kwendalo kunye nobungozi bokusingqongileyo obubangelwa ukulahla ngokungekho mthethweni iibhetri ze-lead-acid. Ngokweenkcukacha ezifanelekileyo, inani lelizwe lam lonyaka leebhetshi zenkunkuma ligqithile kwi-3.

I-3 yezigidi zeetoni, ngelixa ukubuyiswa kweeyunithi zoshishino ezibambe ilayisensi yoshishino lwenkunkuma enobungozi kungaphantsi kwe-30%, kwaye ezinye iindawo zingaphantsi. Isixa esikhulu senkunkuma ye-asidi yebhetri ithengiselwa iinkampani zokulahlwa ngokungekho mthethweni ngemingxunya yokurisayikilishwa. Kungekudala, umbhali wabona ukubuyiswa kwebhetri ye-lead-acid kumasebe afanelekileyo, inani elikhulu leebhetri ze-lead-asidi ezisetyenzisiweyo zisetyenziselwa iinqwelo ezahlukeneyo zokuthutha ukuthunyelwa kwamahhala; iindawo zogcino zazilula, kwanokupakishwa komoya ovulekileyo, ngokusisiseko akukho milinganiselo yokusingqongileyo; abarhwebi abancinci abancinci ngakumbi Ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zothutho, ibhetri iye yachithwa ngaphambi kokuthengisa inkunkuma ikhokelela kwiindawo zokubuyisela, kwaye i-lead-acid liquid itshiswe.

Umbhali ufumene ukuba ubuncinane ipesenti ezimbini zeebhetri ze-acid lead zishiye kuphela ibhetri. Ekubeni intsimi yolwelo lwe-lead-asidi ingenakubanjwa, isebe lokongamela kaninzi alinawo amandla okutshabalalisa okusingqongileyo. Ngokumalunga nebhetri yeasidi yelothe efunyenweyo, imingxuma esetyenzisiweyo iya kuthengiswa kumazimba amancinane okanye iworkshop encinci emva kokufumana umahluko othile, kwaye ukurisayikilishwa kobungcali akunakwenzeka ngakumbi.

Inkqubo enjalo yokurisayikilishwa ayijongelwa phantsi kokusingqongileyo. Uphando lombhali lufumene ukuba kukho imiba ye-3 ngenxa yokubuyiswa kokuphazamiseka kwebhetri ye-acid lead. Okokuqala, ichatshazelwa ngumahluko kwixabiso lokubuyisela, kwaye inkampani yokubuyisela ngokusesikweni ayikwazi ukukhuphisana nabathengisi babucala.

Kulwelo oluneasidi yelothe ngaphandle kwexabiso lokuphinda lusetyenziswe, iinkampani ezilahlwa ngokungekho mthethweni iibhetri zeasidi yelothe azilwenzi unyango olungenabungozi, yaye ixabiso lokuyilahla liphantsi ngokwentelekiso. Ke ngoko, ixabiso labo lokufumana kwakhona ukukhokelela kwintengiso liphezulu kunenkampani eqhelekileyo. Iqhutywa ngumdla wezoqoqosho, kukho imoto, indawo yokulungisa imoto yombane iya kuthengisa ngokwemvelo, ngubani othengisa kubani, ukuze kube nzima ukulahla inkunkuma ye-asidi yeebhetri, kwaye ukulahlwa ngokusesikweni kweshishini lenkampani kubanda.

Okwesibini, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo oxhasayo, inkqubo yokuhlaziya esemgangathweni ayikasekwa. Nangona inkunkuma lead-asidi ibhetri sele zibandakanyiwe kwiNational Hazardous Waste Directory, kwaye ilizwe likhuphe "IiNkcazelo zobuChwephesha zoLawulo loNgcoliseko lweBattery yokuFumana" (HJ519-2009), ukulahlwa kobutyebi obungenabungozi benkunkuma ekhokelela kwi-asidi. iibhetri zokugcina Yenza icace. Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemimiselo efunekayo kunye nokhuseleko olusisiseko oluhambelanayo, ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe kunzima ukuyibona ngexesha elifutshane, okukhokelela ekuhlolisweni okuhlukeneyo kunye nokusekwa kwenkqubo yokubuyisela kwakhona kwaye inenkunkuma esebenzayo, esemgangathweni. iasidi ekhokelayo Ulwakhiwo lwenkqubo yokuhlaziya ibhetri yi-hysteresis.

Okwesithathu, ibhetri ye-lead-asidi yenkunkuma inoluhlu olubanzi lwemithombo, kwaye isebe lokukhusela indalo lilodwa. Imoto yangoku yesiqhelo ye-4S yenkunkuma ye-store-catalyst isemgangathweni, kodwa imoto, indawo yokugcina imoto yombane isasazekile, isikali sihluke, inani likhulu, ibhetri ye-lead-acid iyabhideka ngakumbi, eye yandisa ulawulo. isebe. Ubunzima bokulawula.

Ngoko ke, ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yokubuyisela ibhetri ye-lead-asidi yiprojekthi enkulu yenkqubo yoluntu ebandakanya iinkalo ezininzi zolawulo lwentlalo. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kweendlela zokusebenza, amanye amasebe okanye iiyunithi azifuni kuthabatha inxaxheba, kuphela lisebe lolongamelo lwenkunkuma eyingozi ekudla ngokuba nzima ukusombulula ngokusisiseko. Ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo olubangelwa yinkunkuma yeebhetri ze-asidi yelothe luyaziwa, kwaye ilothe yentsimbi enzima kunye nesisombululo se-electrolyte kunzima kakhulu ukuthoba umgangatho kunye netyhefu.

Ukulahlwa ngokungekho mthethweni, kungangcoliseki ngokunzulu umhlaba kunye nokusingqongileyo kwamanzi kuphela, kodwa kwakhona kubangela umonakalo emoyeni, ukulingana kwe-ecological, kwaye kuya kubangela izifo zabantu. Ke ngoko, kwisicelo sangoku sokubuyiselwa ngocwangco kweebhetri ze-asidi yenkunkuma ekhoyo ngoku, kuyangxamiseka ukuseka inkqubo yohlaziyo eseziko eliqhelekileyo, ukuthintela ukuba sesichengeni kongcoliseko lwebhetri yelethe-asidi endala. Kule nkalo, umbhali uneengcebiso ezi-3.

Okokuqala, phucula imithetho efanelekileyo kunye nemimiselo ngokukhawuleza, kwaye unqande ngokuqatha ukulahlwa ngokutsha okungekho mthethweni kwebhetri ye-lead-asidi endala. Nangona ezinye iindawo ziye zakhupha "Isaziso sokuqinisa uLawulo lokuBuyiselwa kokuBuyiselwa kweNkunkuma yeNkunkuma", ukulungiswa okukhethekileyo kweebhetri ze-lead-asidi zenkunkuma ziyenziwa, kodwa ulawulo lweebhetri ze-asidi zenkunkuma aluzange lunyukele kwinqanaba lemithetho nemimiselo. . , Kusekho into ethi "i-tube emoyeni".

Ukunqongophala kweziseko zolawulo ezihlala ixesha elide phantsi kwemiqathango yomthetho, kukwanzima kakhulu ekuziphatheni ngokungekho mthethweni. Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba ubhekiselele kwimeko efanelekileyo yaseYurophu kunye ne-United States, kwaye usebenzise imithetho nemimiselo yokuqinisekisa ukubuyiswa okusemgangathweni kunye nokulahlwa kweebhetri ze-acid lead. Okwesibini, hlanganisa ulawulo loluntu lwamandla amacandelo amaninzi, uphonononge ukusekwa kwenkqubo epheleleyo nesebenzayo yokuhlaziya kwakhona.

Ngokumalunga nokusekwa kwenkqubo yokubuyisela umgangatho, amanqaku abalulekileyo kunye nobunzima kwimoto engacwangciswanga, indawo yokulungisa imoto yombane. Nangona kungekho nkunkuma ininzi ekhokelela kwindawo nganye yokulungisa eyenzekayo yonke imihla, ezi ndawo zogcino zinkulu, kwaye inani lenkunkuma ye-asidi yeebhetri eziphuma kwezi ndawo ngokwendalo likhulu ngokugqithisileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yosasazo, incinci ngokwentelekiso kwizithintelo zayo ezisebenzayo, okukhokelela kwinto yokuba kuhlala kunzima ukuyimisa emgangathweni ukubuyiswa kwebhetri ye lead-asidi.

Ngoko ke, kufuneka sibambelele ekubopheni i-blocker, kwaye sakhe inkqubo yokubuyisela echanekileyo kunye namandla amaninzi. Kwelinye icala, kuyafuneka ukuba kuthintelwe, kusetyenziswe idolophu, iqela lolawulo lwemesh yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kwilali, iqela lonyanzeliso lomthetho kamasipala wesixeko, njl.njl., mabahlule ukulahlwa kwebhetri ekhokelela kwintengiso kunye nolawulo, kwaye bayeke. nokuba iphande ngokunzulu kwaye ijongane nendlela yokuziphatha ngokungekho mthethweni.

Isenokuthi idityaniswe nesebe lezothutho kwisebe lezothutho, kwaye "iLayisensi yoShishino loThutho lweNdlela" ichithwe ngokomthetho ngokomthetho. Kwelinye icala, ngesiseko sokunika inkuthazo yomgaqo-nkqubo wemali kunye nerhafu, ukunika umdlalo opheleleyo wokusetyenziswa kwenkampani yokurisayikilisha ngokusesikweni, ngokukhokelwa ngurhulumente, ukuseka iseti yeebhetri ze-asidi zenkunkuma kwi-recycling yemihla ngemihla okanye kwindawo esisigxina. ukurisayikilishwa nokuthutha, ukugcinwa, kunye nenkqubo yokuphatha. Ukongeza, kunokwenzeka ukuba uhlolisise ukuba ngubani oveliswayo, obuyiselwayo.

Isishwankathelo, akuyimfuneko kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkunkuma ikhokelela ekufumaneni, kodwa ifunyenwe ngokucokisekileyo, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukufezekisa uxhumano olungenamthungo ukusuka kwimbonakalo. Okwesithathu, ukukhuthaza ngamandla iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ukuba zithathe indawo yeebhetri ze-lead-acid, kwaye uzame ukunciphisa ukungcoliseka kwe-asidi ye-lead. Okwangoku, nangona uninzi lwabantu lubonile ukuba unyango lwe-asidi yelahleko yebhetri luya kubangela ungcoliseko olukhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo, luchatshazelwa yimeko yexabiso, uninzi lwabantu luya kukhetha ixabiso lebhetri yeasidi yemoto yombane xa kuthengwa. iimoto zombane.

Kule nkalo, amasebe karhulumente kuwo onke amanqanaba kufuneka athathe amanyathelo okukhuthaza ngamandla iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezithatha indawo ye-lead-acid. Kwelinye icala, kufuneka sandise uluntu, sivumele abantu baqonde ngakumbi umahluko kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion kunye neebhetri ze-lead-asidi, kwaye siphumelele inkxaso yoluntu lonke, siholele wonke umntu ukuba ancame iimfuno zakhe zoqoqosho ukukhusela. indlela eyiyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufuneka yamkelwe ngokufanelekileyo, umzekelo, ukusebenzisa i-tax leverage, ukuphucula i-lead-acid ibhetri yerhafu yemoto yombane, ukunciphisa iibhetri ezinobume bendalo ezifana neebhetri ze-lithium-ion, izithuthi zombane, okanye ukunika inkxaso yemoto.

Ngomnye umzekelo, ngokuthe ngcembe ucinezele ibhetri ye-lead-asidi kwimveliso yemoto yombane, kwaye imarike iya kukhetha isithuthi sombane se-lithium-ion ibhetri, ngaloo ndlela isombulula ingxaki yokuphinda isetyenziswe ngokungekho mthethweni kwebhetri yelahle eshiyiweyo.