Yintoni iibhetri zeLithium Ion

1 Yintoni iibhetri zeLithium Ion?

Ibhetri ngumthombo wamandla ombane obandakanya iseli enye okanye ngaphezulu kwe-electrochemical enodibaniso lwangaphandle lokunika amandla izixhobo zombane. Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion okanye i-Li-ion luhlobo lwebhetri ehlaziywayo esebenzisa ukucutha ukuguqulwa kwe-lithium ion ukugcina amandla kwaye idume ngamandla abo aphezulu.

2 Ulwakhiwo lweebhetri zeLithium Ion

Ngokubanzi uninzi lweebhetri zeLi-ion zorhwebo zisebenzisa iikhompawundi zokunxibelelana njengezinto ezisebenzayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka iileyile ezininzi zezinto ezicwangciswe ngendlela ethile ukuze kuququzelelwe inkqubo ye-electrochemical eyenza ukuba ibhetri igcine kwaye ikhulule amandla--anode, i-cathode, i-electrolyte, isahluli kunye nomqokeleli wangoku.

Yintoni i-anode?

Njengenxalenye yebhetri, i-anode idlala indima ebalulekileyo kumthamo, ukusebenza, kunye nokuqina kwebhetri. Xa uhlawula, i-graphite anode inoxanduva lokwamkela nokugcina i-lithium ions. Xa ibhetri ikhutshwe, i-lithium ion isuka kwi-anode ukuya kwi-cathode ukwenzela ukuba umbane wenziwa. Ngokubanzi eyona anode ixhaphakileyo kurhwebo yigraphite, ekwimeko yayo ye-lithiated ngokupheleleyo ye-LiC6 inxibelelana nomthamo omkhulu we-1339 C/g (372 mAh/g) Kodwa ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, izinto ezintsha ezifana nesilicon ziye zaphandwa ukuze kuphuculwe ukuxinana kwamandla kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion.

Yintoni i-cathode?

I-Cathode isebenza ukwamkela kunye nokukhulula i-ion ze-lithium ezihlawulweyo ngexesha lokujikeleza kwangoku. Ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe i-layer structure of a layered oxide (efana ne-lithium cobalt oxide), i-polyanion (efana ne-lithium iron phosphate) okanye i-spinel (efana ne-lithium manganese oxide) efakwe kumqokeleli wentlawulo (ngokuqhelekileyo eyenziwe nge-aluminium) 

Yintoni i-electrolyte?

Njengetyuwa ye-lithium kwi-solvent ye-organic, i-electrolyte isebenza njengento ephakathi kwe-lithium ion ukuhamba phakathi kwe-anode kunye ne-cathode ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha.

Yintoni isahluli?

Njengenwebu encinci okanye umaleko wezinto ezingaqhubekiyo, isahluli sisebenza ukuthintela i-anode (i-electrode engalunganga) kunye ne-cathode (i-electrode e-positive) ukusuka ekunciphiseni, kuba olu maleko lungena kwi-lithium ion kodwa hayi kwii-electron. Inokuqinisekisa ukuhamba okuzinzile kwee-ion phakathi kwe-electrode ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha. Ngoko ke, ibhetri inokugcina i-voltage ezinzileyo kwaye inciphise umngcipheko wokutshisa, ukutshisa okanye ukuqhuma.

Yintoni umqokeleli wangoku?

Umqokeleli wangoku wenzelwe ukuqokelela ikhoyo ngoku eveliswe yi-electrode yebhetri kwaye ayithuthe kwisekethe yangaphandle, okubalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobomi obude bebhetri. Kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwa kwiphepha elincinci le-aluminiyam okanye ubhedu.

3 Imbali yoPhuhliso lweebhetri zeLithium Ion

Uphando malunga neebhetri ze-Li-ion ezinokutshajwa kwakhona ukuya kwiminyaka yoo-1960, omnye wemizekelo yokuqala yibhetri yeCuF2/Li eyaphuhliswa yiNASA 1965 Kwaye ingxaki yeoli yahlasela ihlabathi ngo-1970s, abaphandi bajika ingqalelo yabo kwezinye iindawo zamandla, ngoko ke impumelelo eyavelisa uhlobo lokuqala lwebhetri ye-Li-ion yanamhlanje yenziwa ngenxa yobunzima bokukhanya kunye nokuxinana kwamandla aphezulu ebhetri ye-lithium ion. Kwangelo xesha, uStanley Whittingham waseExxon wafumanisa ukuba i-lithium ion inokufakwa kwizinto ezifana neTiS2 ukwenza ibhetri egcwalisekayo. 

Ngoko wazama ukuthengisa le bhetri kodwa wahluleka ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu kunye nobukho be-metallic lithium kwiiseli. Ngo-1980 kwafunyanwa izinto ezintsha zokunika amandla ombane aphezulu kwaye zizinzile ngakumbi emoyeni, eza kuthi kamva zisetyenziswe kwibhetri yokuqala ye-Li-ion yorhwebo, nangona ingazange, ngokwayo, isombulule umba oqhubekayo wokutsha. Kwangonyaka omnye, uRachid Yazami wenza i-lithium graphite electrode (anode). Kwaye ke ngo-1991, iibhetri zokuqala zehlabathi ze-lithium-ion zaqala ukungena kwimarike. Ngo-2000, imfuno yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion yonyuka njengoko izixhobo zombane eziphathwayo ziye zaduma, eziqhuba iibhetri ze-lithium ion ukuba zikhuseleke kwaye zomelele ngakumbi. Izithuthi zombane zaziswa kwi-2010s, eyenza imarike entsha yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion 

Ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo ezintsha zokuvelisa kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, ezifana ne-silicon anodes kunye ne-solid-state electrolytes, zaqhubeka nokuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Namhlanje, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ziyimfuneko kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, ngoko uphando kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe buyaqhubeka ukuphucula ukusebenza, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokhuseleko lwezi bhetri.

4.Iintlobo zeebhetri zeLithium Ion

Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ziza kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu, kwaye ayizizo zonke ezenziwa zilingane. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho iindidi ezintlanu zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion.

l ILithium Cobalt oxide

Iibhetri ze-lithium cobalt oxide zenziwe kwi-lithium carbonate kunye ne-cobalt kwaye zikwaziwa njenge-lithium cobaltate okanye iibhetri ze-lithium-ion cobalt. Bane-cobalt oxide cathode kunye ne-graphite carbon anode, kunye ne-lithium ions isuka kwi-anode ukuya kwi-cathode ngexesha lokukhutshwa, kunye nokubuyisela umva xa ibhetri ihlawuliswa. Ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa kwayo, zisetyenziselwa izixhobo zombane eziphathwayo, izithuthi zombane, kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla avuselelekayo ngenxa yamandla abo aphezulu, izinga lokuzikhupha, izinga eliphezulu lokuzikhupha, i-voltage ephezulu yokusebenza kunye noluhlu olubanzi lobushushu.Kodwa nikela ingqalelo kwiinkxalabo zokhuseleko ezinxulumene kwithuba lokubaleka kwe-thermal kunye nokungazinzi kumaqondo aphezulu.

l Lithium Manganese oxide

I-Lithium Manganese Oxide (i-LiMn2O4) yinto ye-cathode esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion.Iteknoloji yolu hlobo lwebhetri yafunyanwa okokuqala kwi-1980s, kunye nokupapashwa kokuqala kwi-Bulletin yoPhando lweZizinto kwi-1983. Enye yeenzuzo ze-LiMn2O4 kukuba inozinzo olululo lwe-thermal, oku kuthetha ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ufumane i-thermal runaway, ekwakhuselekile kunezinye iintlobo zebhetri ye-lithium-ion. Ukongeza, i-manganese ininzi kwaye ifumaneka ngokubanzi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yinto ezinzileyo xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo ze-cathode eziqulethe izixhobo ezilinganiselweyo ezifana ne-cobalt. Ngenxa yoko, zifumaneka rhoqo kwizixhobo zonyango kunye nezixhobo, izixhobo zombane, izithuthuthu zombane, kunye nezinye izixhobo. Ngaphandle kweenzuzo zayo, i-LiMn2O4 ukuzinza kwebhayisikile ehlwempuzekileyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-LiCoO2, oku kuthetha ukuba inokufuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo, ngoko isenokungafanelanga kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla ixesha elide.

ILithium Iron Phosphate (LFP)

I-Phosphate isetyenziswa njenge cathode kwiibhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate, ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba ziibhetri ze-li-phosphate. Ukuchasana kwabo okuphantsi kuye kwaphucula ukuzinza kwabo kwe-thermal kunye nokhuseleko Zikwadume ngokuhlala ixesha elide kunye nomjikelezo wobomi obude, okwenza kube yeyona ndlela ingabizi kakhulu kwezinye iintlobo zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Ngenxa yoko, ezi bhetri zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiibhayisekile zombane kunye nezinye izicelo ezifuna umjikelo wobomi obude kunye namanqanaba aphezulu okhuseleko. Kodwa iintsilelo zayo zenza kube nzima ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Okokuqala, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, zibiza kakhulu kuba zisebenzisa izinto ezinqabileyo kunye nexabiso eliphezulu. Ukongeza, iibhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate zine-voltage ephantsi yokusebenza, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ayinakulungela ezinye izicelo ezifuna amandla ombane aphezulu. Ixesha layo elide lokutshaja lenza kube yinto engalunganga kwizicelo ezifuna ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza.

l ILithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC)

Iibhetri zeLithium Nickel manganese iCobalt Oxide, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba ziibhetri ze-NMC, zakhiwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ezifumaneka kwihlabathi liphela kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion. I-cathode eyakhiwe ngomxube we-nickel, i-manganese, kunye ne-cobalt ifakiwe Ubuninzi bayo bamandla aphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwebhayisikili, kunye nokuphila ixesha elide kuye kwenza ukuba kube yinto yokuqala yokukhetha kwizithuthi zombane, iinkqubo zokugcina igridi, kunye nezinye izicelo eziphezulu zokusebenza, eziye zanegalelo ngakumbi ekukhuleni kokuthandwa kwezithuthi zombane kunye neenkqubo zamandla avuselelekayo. Ukwandisa umthamo, ii-electrolyte ezintsha kunye nezongezo zisetyenziselwa ukuba zikwazi ukubiza kwi-4.4V / iseli nangaphezulu. Kukho umkhwa obhekiselele kwi-NMC-edityaniswe yi-Li-ion kuba inkqubo ineendleko ezifanelekileyo kwaye ibonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle. I-Nickel, i-manganese, kunye ne-cobalt zizinto ezintathu ezisebenzayo ezinokudityaniswa ngokulula ukuze zihambelane noluhlu olubanzi lweenkqubo ze-automotive kunye ne-energy storage systems (EES) ezifuna ukuhamba rhoqo ngebhayisikile.

 Apho sinokubona khona ukuba usapho lwe-NMC lusiya lusiya lungafani

Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zayo zecala lokubaleka kwe-thermal, iingozi zomlilo kunye nokukhathazeka kokusingqongileyo kunokuphazamisa ukuphuhliswa kwayo okuqhubekayo.

l Lithium Titanate

I-lithium titanate, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-li-titanate, luhlobo lwebhetri enenani elikhulayo lokusetyenziswa. Ngenxa ye-nanotechnology ephezulu, iyakwazi ukuhlawula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ikhuphe ngelixa igcina i-voltage ezinzileyo, eyenza ukuba ifaneleke ngokufanelekileyo kwizicelo ezinamandla ezifana neenqwelo zombane, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ezorhwebo kunye nezoshishino, kunye nokugcinwa kwegridi. Kunye nokhuseleko nokuthembeka kwayo, ezi bhetri zinokusetyenziselwa izixhobo zomkhosi kunye ne-aerospace, kunye nokugcina amandla omoya kunye nelanga kunye nokwakha iigridi ezihlakaniphile. Ngaphaya koko, ngokweSithuba seBattery, ezi bhetri zinokusetyenzwa kwinkqubo yamandla egcina isiseko esibalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iibhetri ze-lithium titanate zithande ukubiza kakhulu kuneebhetri ze-lithium-ion zemveli ngenxa yenkqubo entsonkothileyo yokuyivelisa.

5.Iindlela zoPhuhliso lweebhetri zeLithium Ion

Ukukhula kwehlabathi lofakelo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo kuye kwanyusa imveliso yamandla ngamaxesha athile, kudala igridi engalungelelananga. Oku kukhokelele kwimfuno yeebhetri.ngelixa kugxininiswa ekukhutshweni kwekhabhoni engunothi kwaye kufuneka kususwe amafutha efosili, oko kukuthi amalahle, ukuvelisa amandla kukhuthaza oorhulumente abaninzi ukuba bakhuthaze ufakelo lwamandla elanga nawomoya. Olu fakelo luziboleka kwiinkqubo zokugcina ibhetri ezigcina amandla agqithisileyo avelisiweyo. Ke ngoko, inkuthazo karhulumente yokukhuthaza ukufakwa kwebhetri ye-Li-ion ikwaqhuba uphuhliso lweebhetri ze-lithium ion. Umzekelo, ubungakanani bemarike yeebhetri ze-NMC Lithium-Ion kulindeleke ukuba bukhule ukusuka kwizigidi zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2022 ukuya kwizigidi zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2029; kulindeleke ukuba ikhule kwi-CAGR ye-% ukusuka ngo-2023 ukuya 2029  Kwaye iimfuno ezikhulayo zezicelo ezifuna imithwalo enzima kuqikelelwa ukuba zenze iibhetri ze-lithium ion ze-3000-10000 icandelo elikhula ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokuqikelelwa (2022-2030).

6 Uhlalutyo lotyalo-mali lweebhetri zeLithium Ion

Umzi-mveliso weebhetri ze-lithium ion kulindeleke ukuba ukhule ukusuka kwi-51.16 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2022 ukuya kwi-118.15 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2030, ubonisa izinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiweyo le-4.72% ngexesha loqikelelo (2022-2030), oluxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi.

l Uhlalutyo loMsebenzisi-siphelo

Ufakelo lwecandelo loncedo ngabaqhubi abaphambili beenkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetri (BESS). Eli candelo kulindeleke ukuba likhule ukusuka kwi-2.25 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2021 ukuya kwi-5.99 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2030 kwi-CAGR ye-11.5%.  Iibhetri ze-Li-ion zibonisa i-CAGR ephezulu ye-34.4% ngenxa yesiseko sazo sokukhula esiphantsi. Amacandelo okugcina amandla okuhlala kunye nezorhwebo zezinye iindawo ezinokubakho kwintengiso enkulu ye-5.51 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2030, ukusuka kwi-1.68 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2021. Icandelo lemizimveliso liyaqhubeka nohambo lwalo olusingise ekukhutshweni kwekhabhoni engu-zero, neenkampani ezenza izithembiso ezingena-zero kumashumi amabini eminyaka azayo. Iinkampani zeTelecom kunye neziko ledatha zihamba phambili ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngokugxila okwandisiweyo kwimithombo yamandla avuselelekayo. Konke oku kuya kukhuthaza uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwe  iibhetri ze-lithium ion njengoko iinkampani zifumana iindlela zokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa okuthembekileyo kunye nokulinganisa igridi.

l Uhlalutyo lweentlobo zeMveliso

Ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu le-cobalt, i-cobalt-free battery yenye yeendlela zokuphuhlisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion. I-High-voltage ye-LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) ene-high-theory yamandla oxinaniso yenye yezona zinto zithembisayo ze-Co-free cathode kwizinto eziqhubekayo. Ngaphaya koko, iziphumo zovavanyo zibonakalise ukuba ukusebenza kwebhayisikile kunye ne-C-rerate yebhetri ye-LNMO kuphuculwe ngokusebenzisa i-semi-solid electrolyte. Oku kunokuphakanyiswa ukuba i-anionic COF iyakwazi ukufunxa ngamandla i-Mn3 +/Mn2 + kunye ne-Ni2 + ngokusebenzisana kwe-Coulomb, inqande ukufuduka kwabo okutshabalalisayo kwi-anode. Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi uya kuba luncedo ekuthengiseni izinto ze-cathode ze-LNMO.

l Uhlalutyo lweNgingqi

I-Asia-Pacific iya kuba yeyona marike inkulu yebhetri ye-lithium-ion ngo-2030, iqhutywa zizixhobo kunye namashishini. Iza kugqitha kuMntla Merika kunye neYurophu ngentengiso ye-7.07 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2030, ikhula ukusuka kwi-1.24 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2021 kwi-CAGR ye-21.3%. UMntla Melika kunye neYurophu iya kuba zezona marike zinkulu zilandelayo ngenxa yeenjongo zabo zokususa ikhabhoni kuqoqosho lwabo kunye negridi kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini izayo. I-LATAM iya kubona elona zinga liphezulu lokukhula kwi-CAGR ye-21.4% ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncinci kunye nesiseko esisezantsi.

7 Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kwiBattery yeLithium Ion ekumgangatho oPhezulu

Xa kuthengwa i-inverter ye-solar optical, kungekhona nje ixabiso kunye nomgangatho kufuneka ziqwalaselwe, ezinye izinto kufuneka zigcinwe engqondweni.

l Uxinzelelo lwamandla

Ubuninzi baMandla sisixa samandla agcinwe ngokweyunithi yomthamo. Ubuninzi bamandla obuphezulu kunye nobunzima obuncinci kunye nobukhulu bubanzi phakathi kwemijikelo yokutshaja.

l  Ukhuseleko

Ukhuseleko lolunye umba obalulekileyo weebhetri ze-lithium-ion ukususela ekuqhumeni kunye nomlilo onokuthi kwenzeke ngelixa uhlawula okanye ukhupha, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukukhetha iibhetri ezineendlela zokukhusela eziphuculweyo, ezifana nezinzwa zeqondo lokushisa kunye nezinto ezithintelayo.

l Uhlobo

Enye yeendlela zamva nje kwishishini lebhetri ye-lithium-ion kuphuhliso lweebhetri zombuso oqinileyo, obonelela ngoluhlu lweenzuzo ezifana noxinzelelo lwamandla aphezulu kunye nomjikelo wobomi obude. Ngokomzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri eziqinileyo kwiimoto zombane kuya kwandisa kakhulu uluhlu lwazo kunye nokhuseleko.

l Ireyithi yokutshaja

Izinga lokutshaja lixhomekeke ukuba ibhetri itshajwa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani na. Ngamanye amaxesha ibhetri ithatha ixesha elide ukutshaja phambi kokuba isetyenziswe.

l Ubude bobomi

 Akukho bhetri lisebenza ubomi bonke kodwa linomhla wokuphelelwa. Jonga umhla wokuphelelwa phambi kokuba uthenge. Iibhetri ze-Lithium ion zinobomi obude ngenxa yekhemistri kodwa ibhetri nganye yahlukile enye kwenye ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, iinkcukacha kunye nendlela ezenziwe ngayo. Iibhetri ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziya kuhlala ixesha elide kuba zenziwe ngezinto ezintle ngaphakathi.