Yintoni iThin-film iiPaneli zeSolar

1. Yintoni iThin-film iiPaneli zeSolar?

Ngokungafaniyo neeseli zelanga zesizukulwana sokuqala zenziwe ngesilicon eyodwa okanye ezininzi ze-crystalline, iipaneli zelanga ezincinci zefilimu zenziwe kusetyenziswa ulwaleko olulodwa okanye ezininzi zezinto ze-PV phezu komhlaba oquka iindidi zeglasi, iplastiki, okanye isinyithi ukuguqula. ukukhanya kwelanga kumbane. Kwaye ezona ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa iteknoloji yelanga ye-thin-film yi-cadmium telluride (CdTe), i-copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), i-amorphous silicon (a-Si), kunye ne-gallium arsenide (GaAs).

2 Ulwakhiwo lweePaneli zeSolar eziThin-film

I-Thin-film i-Solar Panels iqulethe inani elikhulu leeseli zelanga ezincinci zefilimu kwaye zisebenzisa amandla okukhanya (iifotoni) ezivela eLangeni ukuvelisa umbane ngempembelelo ye-photovoltaic. Ikwabandakanya iileya, i-backsheet kunye nebhokisi yokuhlangana, zonke zisebenza kunye ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweepaneli zelanga.

Yintoni iThin-film iiseli zelanga?

Thin-film iiseli elanga zizixhobo zombane eziguqula ukukhanya kwelanga ibe amandla ombane yi photovoltaic effect.Thin-film iiseli trend ukusebenzisa izinto ezingaphantsi kakhulu - indawo esebenzayo iseli idla ngokuba 1 ukuya kwi-10 micrometers ubukhulu. Kwakhona, iiseli zefilim ezibhityileyo ngokuqhelekileyo zinokuveliswa kwinkqubo yendawo enkulu, enokuthi ibe yinkqubo yokuvelisa ngokuzenzekelayo, eqhubekayo.

Ngaphezu koko, iiphaneli zelanga ezicekethekileyo zefilimu zisebenzisa umaleko obhityileyo weoksidi eqhuba elubala, njenge-tin oxide ukusebenza. Ngelixa iiseli zefilimu ezincinci zenziwe ngeenkozo ezincinci zekristale zemathiriyeli ye-semiconductor ukwenza ngcono indawo yombane kunye ne-interface, ebizwa ngokuba yi-heterojunction. I-Generalloy olu hlobo lwezixhobo zefilimu ezibhityileyo zingenziwa njengeyunithi enye - oko kukuthi, i-monolithically -kunye nomaleko phezu komaleko ofakwe ngokulandelelanayo kwi-substrate ethile, kubandakanywa ukubekwa kwe-antireflection umaleko kunye ne-oksidi yokuqhuba ecacileyo.

Yintoni umaleko?

Ngokwesiqhelo ifilim ebhityileyo yephaneli yelanga inomaleko obhityileyo kakhulu (ongaphantsi kwe-0.1 micron) ngaphezulu obizwa ngokuba ngumaleko "wefestile" ukufunxa amandla okukhanya ukusuka kuphela kwisiphelo esinamandla aphezulu sespectrum. Kufuneka ibe mncinci ngokwaneleyo kwaye ibe ne-bandgap ebanzi ngokwaneleyo (2.8 eV okanye ngaphezulu) ukuvumela konke ukukhanya okukhoyo ngojongano (i-heterojunction) ukuya kumaleko afunxayo. Umaleko wokufunxa phantsi kwefestile, ngokuqhelekileyo i-doped p-type, ixhotyiswe nge-absorptivity ephezulu (ikhono lokuthatha iifotoni) zangoku eziphezulu kunye ne-gap yebhendi efanelekileyo ukubonelela nge-voltage elungileyo.

Yintoni i-backsheet?

Njengepolymer okanye indibaniselwano yeepolymers ezinezongezo ezahlukeneyo, i-backsheet yenzelwe ukubonelela ngomqobo phakathi kweeseli zelanga kunye nokusingqongileyo kwangaphandle. Apho sinokubona khona i-backsheet yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekomeleleni, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nobomi obude bephaneli yelanga.

Yintoni ibhokisi yesiphambuka?

Njengendawo ebiyelweyo yombane esetyenziselwa ukugcina nokukhusela uqhagamshelo lombane, ibhokisi yesiphambuka yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukubonelela ngemekobume ekhuselekileyo nekhuselekileyo yoqhagamshelo lombane ukuze kuthintelwe ukudibana ngengozi neengcingo eziphilayo nokwenza lula ugcino okanye ukulungiswa kwexesha elizayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibhokisi ye-PV junction ifakwe ngasemva kwipaneli yelanga kwaye isebenza njengojongano oluphumayo. Uqhagamshelo lwangaphandle kwiimodyuli ezininzi ze-photovoltaic zisebenzisa iziqhagamshelo zeMC4 ukuququzelela uqhagamshelo olulula lwemozulu kuyo yonke inkqubo. I-interface yamandla ye-USB nayo ingasetyenziswa.

3 Imbali yoPhuhliso lweePaneli zeSolar eziNcinci

Imbali yeepaneli zelanga ezicwebileyo zibuyela kwi-1970s, xa abaphandi baqala ukuphonononga ngenqindi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwefilimu encinci (a-Si) ye-semiconductors ukusebenzisa amandla elanga, ngelo xesha umdla kwitekhnoloji yefilimu encinci yokusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo. kunye nosetyenziso lwe-aerospace lukhuthaza uphuhliso lwe-silicon ye-amorphous thin-film yezixhobo zelanga.

Ngo-1980, ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kuququzelele ukwandiswa kwezinto ezikhoyo zefilimu ezincinci zibe zintsha, ezifana ne-cadmium telluride (CdTe) kunye ne-copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), enokusebenza okuphezulu kokuguqulwa kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokuvelisa.

Oo-1990 noo-2000 yayilixesha lenkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kuphononongo lwemathiriyeli yelanga yesizukulwana sesithathu-izinto ezinokuthi zikwazi ukoyisa imida yethiyori yobuchule bezinto zemveli eziqinileyo. Iimveliso ezintsha zeMang ezinje ngeeseli zelanga ezenziwe ngedayi, iiseli zelanga zequantum zaphuhliswa.

Ngowama-2010 nasekuqaleni koo-2020, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kwitekhnoloji yelanga yelanga ecekethekileyo kubandakanye iinzame zokwandisa isizukulwana sesithathu sobuchwephesha belanga kwizicelo ezitsha kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso. Kwi-2004, i-National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) iphumelele irekhodi yehlabathi ye-19.9% ​​ye-CIGS imodyuli yefilimu encinci.Ngo-2022, i-flexible organic thin-film iiseli zelanga zelanga zahlanganiswa kwilaphu.

Kule mihla, iiseli zelanga ezithambileyo ezithambileyo zefilimu ezidityanisiweyo zizenza zibe lukhetho olungcono kuneepaneli zesilicon zemveli.Kwaye iteknoloji yefilimi encinci ibambe malunga ne-19% ye-U.S iyonke. isabelo semarike kwakulo nyaka, kuqukwa ne-30% yemveliso eluncedo.

4.Iintlobo zeePaneli zeSolar

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zemathiriyeli esetyenziselwa ukwenza iiseli zelanga ezicekethekileyo, ezisekwe kwimathiriyeli yazo ekrwada, zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezine. 

l I-Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) I-Thin-Film Panels luhlobo lwepaneli yelanga esebenzisa umaleko obhityileyo we-cadmium telluride ofakwe kwi-substrate material, njengeglasi okanye insimbi engenasici, njengesixhobo se-semiconductor. Ayisiyiyo kuphela i-lightweight kwaye kulula ukuyifaka, iphinde ibe nemveliso yamandla aphezulu kwiimeko eziphantsi zokukhanya, oku kuthetha ukuba banokuvelisa umbane nakwimozulu eguquguqukayo okanye eguquguqukayo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba iiphaneli zelanga ze-CdTe ezincinci zefilimu zifikelele kwi-19% yokusebenza kakuhle phantsi kweeMeko zoVavanyo oluMgangatho (STC), kodwa iiseli zelanga enye ziye zafumana ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-22.1%. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iinkxalabo malunga nobutyhefu be-cadmium, kuba sisinyithi esinzima esinokubangela umonakalo wokusingqongileyo ukuba ayilahlwanga kakuhle.

l I-Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) Iiphaneli zeFilimu eziNcinane zenziwe ngokubeka i-electrode ye-molybdenum (Mo) phezu kwe-substrate ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokutshiza. Xa kuthelekiswa nobunye ubugcisa bePV, banobuchule obuphezulu kwaye banokufikelela kwithiyori eyi-33% kwixa elizayo. Ukongeza, aziqhelekanga ukuqhekeka okanye ukuqhekeka kunye nokusebenza ngokulula. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwezi nzuzo, ixabiso libiza kakhulu kunezinye iiteknoloji, ezinokuthi zithintele uphuhliso lwabo olongezelelweyo.

l I-Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) I-Thin-Film Panels zenziwa ngokucwangcisa iipleyiti zeglasi okanye ii-substrates eziguquguqukayo, kunye ne-p-i-n okanye i-n-i-p uqwalaselo. Izinto eziluncedo ze-a-Si thin-film panels ziquka ukuguquguquka kwazo kunye nolwakhiwo olukhaphukhaphu, olwenza lube lulungele ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo eziphathekayo, ezifana nokumisa inkampu okanye ukunika amandla izinzwa ezikude. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni iglasi eqhubayo kwezi panels iyabiza kwaye inkqubo iyacotha, ixabiso layo lixabisa phantse i-$0.69/W.

l I-Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) Iiphaneli ze-Thin-Film zinzima ngakumbi kuneeseli zelanga zelanga eziqhelekileyo zefilimu yenkqubo yokuvelisa. Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba bafezekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu ukuya kwi-39.2% kwaye baxhathisa ubushushu kunye nomswakama. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha lokuvelisa, iindleko zemathiriyeli, kunye nemathiriyeli yokukhula okuphezulu, yenza kube lukhetho olungasebenziyo.

5.Usetyenziso lwee-Solar Panels ze-Thin-film

Njengodidi oluvelayo lwezinye iindlela ezizezinye ze-silicon photovoltaics, iiphaneli zelanga ezicekethekileyo zefilimu zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kule mimandla ilandelayo.

l ISakhiwo-eDityanisiweyo Iifotovoltaics(BIPV)

Ekubeni iipaneli ze-PV zefilimu ezincinci zingafikelela kwi-90% zilula kuneepaneli ze-silicon, isicelo esinye esiqala ukuthandwa kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele yi-BIPV, apho iipaneli zelanga zifakwe kwiithayile zephahla, ifestile, izakhiwo ezibuthathaka njalo njalo. Ukongeza,  ezinye iintlobo zefilimu ebhityileyo ye-PV inokwenziwa i-semi-transparent, enceda ukugcina ubuhle bezindlu kunye nezakhiwo ngelixa kuvunyelwa ukuba kwenzeke ukuveliswa kwamandla elanga.

l Usetyenziso lwesithuba

Ngenxa yeenzuzo zokukhanya, ukusebenza kakuhle, ubushushu obubanzi boluhlu lokusebenza, kunye nokumelana nomonakalo kwi-radiation, iipaneli zelanga ezicwebileyo zefilimu, ngakumbi ii-solar ze-CIGS kunye ne-GaAs, zibe yinto efanelekileyo kwizicelo zendawo.

l Izithuthi kunye nezicelo zaselwandle

Olunye usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo lweepaneli zelanga ezithambileyo kukufakwa kweemodyuli ze-PV eziguquguqukayo kuphahla lwezithuthi (ingakumbi iiRV okanye iibhasi) kunye neenqanawa zeenqanawa kunye nezinye iinqanawa, ezingasetyenziselwa ukunika amandla umbane ngelixa kwangaxeshanye kugcinwa i-aesthetics.

l izicelo eziphathekayo

Ukuphatheka kwayo kunye nobungakanani bayo bubonelele ngophuhliso oluzinzileyo kwicandelo elincinci lezinto zombane kunye ne-Intanethi yeZinto (IoT), ekulindeleke ukuba ikhule kakhulu kwiminyaka ezayo. Kwaye ngokuhambela phambili kwayo, inokuthi isetyenziswe ngakumbi kwiindawo ezikude kunye neepaneli zelanga ezisongekayo, iibhanki zamandla elanga, iilaptops ezinamandla elanga njalo njalo.

6.IiNdlela zoPhuhliso lweePaneli zeSolar zefilimu eziThin

Ngolwamkelo olwandayo lwamandla elanga kwihlabathi liphela, ukuphunyezwa kwezithintelo ezingqongqo zamandla kunye nokwanda kwemizamo karhulumente yokudibanisa imithombo eluhlaza kwigridi, iiphaneli zesola zefilimu ecekethekileyo kulindeleke ukuba zibethe malunga ne-USD 27.11 yezigidigidi ngo-2030 nge-CAGR emangalisayo ye-8.29% ukusuka 2022 ukuya 2030 Ukonyuka kuqhutywa ziinzuzo zayo kunye ne-R&D, kuba zinoqoqosho kakhulu kwaye zidalwe ngokulula, zisebenzise imathiriyeli encinci kwaye zivelise inkunkuma encinci. Kwaye iR&I-D yokuphucula ukunyamezela kweeseli zelanga kunye nokusebenza kuya kudala amathuba amatsha okukhula kwemarike.

Nangona kunjalo, amathuba adibana kunye nomngeni. Amanqanaba aphezulu okhuphiswano, ukuguquka kwemeko yolawulo kwakunye nokufumaneka kwemali enqongopheleyo nemithombo kuthetha ukuba okwangoku abanakukwazi ukuthatha isixa esikhulu sesabelo semarike yehlabathi.

7 Uhlalutyo loTyalo-mali lwe-Thin-film ye-Solar Panels

Imakethi yeeseli zelanga ezithambileyo zibonakala zikhula kwiminyaka yakutshanje, eqhutywa zizinto ezininzi.

l Uhlalutyo lweentlobo zeMveliso

Ngo-2018, i-CdTe ivelise umbane ngexabiso elaliphantsi kakhulu okanye lilingana nelo lemithombo yamandla efosili eqhelekileyo yamandla. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okungeyotyhefu, ukusebenza ngexabiso eliphantsi kunye neendleko zemveliso, okwangoku icandelo le-cadmium telluride lilawula kwimarike yeeseli zelanga, kwaye kucingelwa ukuba iya kuqhubeka ikhula ngesantya esikhawulezayo kulo lonke ixesha lokuqikelela.

l Uhlalutyo loMsebenzisi-siphelo

Uphuhliso olukhulayo kunye nophando lokuthoba iindleko zofakelo kunye nokugcinwa zinokunyusa iimfuno zabathengi.Ngo-2022, imakethi esebenzayo yalawula intengiso yeeseli zelanga zefilimu ecwebileyo yehlabathi, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba iya kuqhubeka nokukhula ngesantya esikhawulezayo kulo lonke ixesha loqikelelo. . Ekubeni iiphaneli zelanga ezinefilim ebhityileyo zithomalalisa ngesantya esiphantsi kakhulu, zibonelela ngenye indlela enokubakho kwiipaneli zelanga ze-c-Si.

l Uhlalutyo lweNgingqi

I-Asiya-Pacific yayiyeyona ndawo inkulu emhlabeni yeeseli zelanga ezicekethekileyo zefilimu ngo-2022, kwaye kucingelwa ukuba iya kuqhubeka isanda ngeyona ndlela iphezulu, eqhutywa zizinto ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, njengeemarike ezinkulu ze-PV zelanga emhlabeni jikelele, i-China iya kuphakamisa ithagethi yamandla avuselelekayo ukusuka kwi-20% ukuya kwi-35% ngo-2030. Kwaye izibonelelo zelanga ze-Photovoltaic ezisetyenziswayo e-China ikakhulu zisebenzisa itekhnoloji yefilimu encinci. Ngaphezu koko, iJapan iphinde yabhengeza injongo yayo yokusebenzisa amandla azinzileyo kuphela ukuya phambili.

8 Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kuMgangatho oPhezulu weThin-film iiPaneli zeSolar

Xa kuthengwa iipaneli zelanga, kungekhona kuphela ixabiso kunye nomgangatho kufuneka ziqwalaselwe, ezinye izinto kufuneka zigcinwe engqondweni.

l Ubuchule: Ukusebenza okuphezulu kunokuguqula amandla amaninzi elanga abe ngumbane. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuba nogxininiso oluphezulu lwabathwali bentlawulo kunokunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kweseli yelanga ngokunyusa i-conductivity. Ukongezwa kwe-concentrator kwiseli yelanga akuncedi nje ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle, kodwa kunokunciphisa indawo, izinto eziphathekayo kunye neendleko ezifunekayo ukuvelisa iseli.

l Ukuqina kunye nobomi: Ezinye iimodyuli zefilimu encinci zinemiba yokuthotywa phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwazo zonke izixhobo, i-CdTe ibonisa eyona nto ixhathisayo ekuthotyweni kwentsebenzo ngobushushu. Kwaye ngokungafaniyo nezinye izixhobo zefilim ebhityileyo, i-CdTe ithande ukukwazi ukumelana neemeko zokusingqongileyo njengobushushu kunye nokufuma, kodwa iiphaneli ze-CdTe eziguquguqukayo zinokufumana ukuthotywa kokusebenza phantsi koxinzelelo olusetyenziswayo okanye ubunzima.

l Ubunzima: Ibhekiselele kubuninzi bepaneli yelanga yefilimu encinci. Ngokubanzi, ipaneli yelanga enefilim encinci inobunzima obuncinci ngoko akufuneki woyike ukufaka ubunzima obufileyo kuphahla lwakho. Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima kusafuneka buqwalaselwe xa kukhethwa ezinye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba aziyi kugcwala kakhulu ukufakwa.

l Ubushushu: Oku kuthetha elona qondo lobushushu lisezantsi kunye nelona liphezulu apho iphaneli yelanga yeThin Film inokusebenza khona. Ngokubanzi, zonke iiphaneli zelanga ezicekethekileyo zefilimu zithathwa njengobuncinane bobushushu obuyi -40°C kunye nobushushu obuphezulu be-80°C.