Menene Batir Lithium ion?
1. Menene Batir Lithium ion?
Baturi shine tushen wutar lantarki wanda ya ƙunshi ɗaya ko fiye Kwayoyin electrochemical tare da haɗin waje don ƙarfafa na'urorin lantarki. Lithium-ion ko baturin Li-ion nau'in baturi ne mai caji wanda ke amfani da reversible raguwa na lithium ions don adana makamashi kuma shi ne sananne high su yawan makamashi.
2. Tsarin Batirin Lithium ion
Gabaɗaya yawancin batirin Li-ion na kasuwanci suna amfani da mahaɗan haɗin gwiwa azaman kayan aiki masu aiki. Yawanci sun ƙunshi nau'ikan kayan da yawa waɗanda suke shirya a wani takamaiman tsari don sauƙaƙe tsarin electrochemical cewa yana ba da damar baturi don adanawa da sakin makamashi--anode, cathode, electrolyte, SEPARATOR da na yanzu mai tarawa.
Menene anode?
A matsayin ɓangaren baturi, anode yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a iya aiki, aiki, da karko na baturi. Lokacin caji, graphite anode shine alhakin karba da adana lithium ions. Lokacin da baturi yake fitarwa, ions lithium suna motsawa daga anode zuwa cathode don haka an wutar lantarki an halicce shi. Gabaɗaya an fi amfani da anode na kasuwanci graphite ne, wanda a cikin cikakken lithiated yanayinsa na LiC6 yayi daidai da mafi girma iya aiki na 1339 C/g (372 mAh/g). Amma tare da ci gaban fasaha, sababbi An bincika kayan kamar silicon don inganta yawan makamashi don batirin lithium-ion.
Menene cathode?
Cathode yana aiki don karɓa da sakin ions lithium masu inganci a lokacin hawan keke na yanzu. Yawancin lokaci ya ƙunshi tsari mai laushi na oxide mai laushi (kamar lithium cobalt oxide), polyanion (kamar lithium iron phosphate) ko wani spinel (kamar lithium manganese oxide) mai rufi akan mai karɓar caji (yawanci aluminum).
Menene electrolyte?
A matsayin gishirin lithium a cikin kaushi na halitta, electrolyte yana aiki azaman matsakaici don lithium ions don motsawa tsakanin anode da cathode yayin caji da fitarwa.
Menene SEPARATOR?
A matsayin bakin ciki na membrane ko Layer na kayan da ba ya aiki, mai rarraba yana aiki zuwa hana anode (mara kyau electrode) da kuma cathode (tabbatacce lantarki) daga shorting, tun da wannan Layer ne permeable zuwa lithium ions amma ba ga electrons. Yana Hakanan zai iya tabbatar da tsayayyen kwararar ions tsakanin na'urorin lantarki yayin caji da fitarwa. Saboda haka, baturi zai iya kula da tsayayyen ƙarfin lantarki kuma ya rage hadarin zafi fiye da kima, konewa ko fashewa.
Menene mai tarawa na yanzu?
An ƙirƙiri mai tarawa na yanzu don tattara na yanzu da aka samar na'urorin lantarki na baturi da jigilar shi zuwa kewayen waje, wanda shine mahimmanci don tabbatar da kyakkyawan aiki da tsawon rayuwar baturi. Kuma yawanci ana yin ta ne daga siraren siraren aluminum ko jan karfe.
3. Tarihin Ci gaban Batirin Lithium ion
Bincike kan baturan Li-ion masu caji tun daga shekarun 1960, ɗaya daga cikin Misalin farko shine baturin CuF2/Li wanda NASA ta kirkira a 1965. Da kuma matsalar man fetur buga duniya a cikin 1970s, masu bincike sun mayar da hankalinsu ga madadin tushen makamashi, don haka nasarar da ta haifar da farkon nau'i na batirin Li-ion na zamani an yi shi ne saboda nauyi mai nauyi da ƙarfi yawa na lithium ion baturi. A lokaci guda, Stanley Whittingham na Exxon An gano cewa za a iya saka ions lithium a cikin kayan kamar TiS2 zuwa ƙirƙirar baturi mai caji
Don haka yayi kokarin tallata wannan baturi amma ya gaza saboda tsadar farashi da kasancewar sinadarin lithium na ƙarfe a cikin sel. A cikin 1980 an samo sabon abu don ba da ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma kuma ya fi yawa barga a cikin iska, wanda daga baya za a yi amfani da shi a cikin baturin Li-ion na kasuwanci na farko, ko da yake ita kanta ba ta warware matsalar da ta dage ba flammability.A wannan shekarar, Rachid Yazami ya kirkiro graphite na lithium electrode (anode). Sannan a cikin 1991, lithium-ion na farko a duniya da ake caji batura suka fara shiga kasuwa
A cikin 2000s, buƙatar lithium-ion batura sun ƙaru yayin da na'urorin lantarki masu ɗaukuwa suka zama sananne, wanda ke motsawa batirin lithium ion ya zama mafi aminci kuma mafi dorewa. Motocin lantarki sun kasance an gabatar da shi a cikin 2010s, wanda ya haifar da sabuwar kasuwa don batirin lithium-ion. The haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin masana'antu da kayan aiki, kamar silicon anodes da m-state electrolytes, ci gaba da inganta yi da kuma aminci na baturi lithium-ion. A zamanin yau, batir lithium-ion sun zama mahimmanci a ciki rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun, don haka bincike da haɓaka sabbin kayan aiki da fasahohi suna gudana don inganta aiki, inganci, da aminci na wadannan batura.
4. Nau'in Batirin Lithium ion
Batura lithium-ion sun zo da siffofi da girma dabam dabam, kuma ba duka ba an daidaita su. A al'ada akwai baturan lithium-ion iri biyar.
l Lithium Cobalt Oxide
Ana kera batirin lithium cobalt oxide daga lithium carbonate da cobalt kuma an san su da lithium cobaltate ko lithium-ion batir cobalt. Suna da cobalt oxide cathode da graphite carbon anode, da lithium ions Yi ƙaura daga anode zuwa cathode yayin fitarwa, tare da juyawa lokacin da ake cajin baturi. Amma game da aikace-aikacen sa, ana amfani da su a cikin šaukuwa na'urorin lantarki, motocin lantarki, da tsarin ajiyar makamashi mai sabuntawa saboda yawan kuzarinsu na musamman, ƙarancin fitar da kai, babban aiki Wutar lantarki da kewayon zafin jiki mai faɗi.Amma kula da damuwar aminci dangane da yuwuwar runaway thermal da rashin kwanciyar hankali a babba yanayin zafi.
l Lithium Manganese Oxide
Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn2O4) abu ne na cathode wanda aka saba amfani dashi A cikin batirin lithium-ion. Fasahar irin wannan baturi ta kasance da farko gano a cikin 1980s, tare da bugu na farko a cikin Materials Research Rahoton da aka ƙayyade na 1983. Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin LiMn2O4 shine cewa yana da kyakkyawan thermal kwanciyar hankali, ma'ana cewa yana da wuya a fuskanci guduwar thermal, wanda Hakanan sun fi sauran nau'ikan batirin lithium-ion mafi aminci. Har ila yau, manganese ne mai yawa kuma yadu samuwa, wanda ya sa ya zama mafi dorewa zabi idan aka kwatanta zuwa kayan cathode waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙarancin albarkatu kamar cobalt. Saboda, ana samun su akai-akai a cikin kayan aikin likita da na'urori, kayan aikin wuta, lantarki babura, da sauran aikace-aikace. Duk da fa'idodinsa, LiMn2O4 ya fi talauci kwanciyar hankali na keke idan aka kwatanta da LiCoO2, wanda ke nufin yana iya buƙatar ƙari sauyawa akai-akai, don haka ƙila bazai dace da ajiyar makamashi na dogon lokaci ba tsarin.
l Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP)
Ana amfani da Phosphate azaman cathode a cikin batir phosphate na lithium baƙin ƙarfe, sau da yawa da aka sani da batir li-phosphate. Ƙananan juriya sun inganta yanayin zafi kwanciyar hankali da aminci. Sun kuma shahara da karko da tsawon rayuwa, wanda ya sa su zama zaɓi mafi tsada ga sauran nau'ikan lithium-ion baturi. Saboda haka, ana yawan amfani da waɗannan batura a cikin kekunan lantarki da sauran aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar tsawon rayuwa mai tsawo da manyan matakan aminci. Amma rashin amfaninsa yana sa yana da wahala a haɓaka cikin sauri. Na farko, idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan batirin lithium-ion, sun fi tsada saboda suna amfani da ba kasafai ba albarkatun kasa masu tsada. Bugu da kari, lithium iron phosphate batura suna da a ƙananan ƙarfin aiki, wanda ke nufin cewa ƙila ba su dace da wasu ba aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma. Tsawon lokacin cajinsa ya sa ya zama rashin amfani a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar caji mai sauri.
l Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC)
Lithium nickel manganese Cobalt Oxide baturi, wanda aka fi sani da NMC batura, an gina su da abubuwa iri-iri waɗanda ke duniya a ciki baturi lithium-ion. Cathode da aka gina da cakuda nickel, manganese, da an haɗa cobalt. Yawan kuzarinsa, kyakkyawan aikin hawan keke, da a tsawon rayuwa ya sanya shi zaɓi na farko a cikin motocin lantarki, ajiyar grid tsarin, da sauran aikace-aikace masu girma, wanda ya kara ba da gudummawa zuwa karuwar shaharar motocin lantarki da tsarin makamashi mai sabuntawa. Zuwa ƙara ƙarfin aiki, ana amfani da sababbin electrolytes da ƙari don ba da damar shi cajin zuwa 4.4V/cell kuma mafi girma
Akwai ci gaba zuwa NMC-blended Li-ion tun tsarin yana da tsada kuma yana ba da kyakkyawan aiki. nickel, manganese, kuma cobalt abubuwa ne masu aiki guda uku waɗanda za'a iya haɗa su cikin sauƙi don dacewa da fadi kewayon aikace-aikacen tsarin adana motoci da makamashi (EES) waɗanda ke buƙata yawan hawan keke. Daga abin da zamu iya ganin dangin NMC suna karuwa daban-daban Duk da haka, illolinsa na guduwar zafi, haɗarin wuta da muhalli damuwa na iya kawo cikas ga ci gabanta.
l Lithium Titanate
Lithium titanate, wanda aka fi sani da li-titanate, nau'in baturi ne wanda ke da a girma yawan amfani. Saboda mafi girman nanotechnology, yana iya sauri caji da fitarwa yayin da yake riƙe da ingantaccen ƙarfin lantarki, wanda ke sa shi wanda ya dace da aikace-aikace masu ƙarfi kamar motocin lantarki, kasuwanci da tsarin ajiyar makamashi na masana'antu, da ma'ajiyar matakan grid
Tare da ita aminci da aminci, ana iya amfani da waɗannan batura don soja da sararin samaniya aikace-aikace, da kuma adana iska da makamashin hasken rana da gina wayo grids. Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga Space Battery, waɗannan batura na iya zama aiki a tsarin wutar lantarki-mafi mahimmancin madadin. Duk da haka, lithium titanate batura sukan fi tsada fiye da batir lithium-ion na gargajiya saboda zuwa hadadden tsarin ƙirƙira da ake buƙata don samar da su.
5.Hanyoyin Ci gaban Batir Lithium Ion
Ci gaban duniya na na'urori masu sabuntawa ya karu samar da makamashi na tsaka-tsaki, ƙirƙirar grid mara daidaituwa. Wannan ya haifar da a bukatar baturi.yayin da mayar da hankali kan sifili carbon hayaki da bukatar motsawa nesa da albarkatun mai, watau kwal, don samar da wutar lantarki da sauri gwamnatoci don karfafa ayyukan hasken rana da na iska. Wadannan shigarwa suna ba da rance ga tsarin ajiyar baturi wanda ke adana wuce gona da iri halitta
Don haka, yunƙurin gwamnati don ƙarfafa batirin Li-ion shigarwa kuma yana haifar da haɓaka batir lithium ion. Misali, girman kasuwar batirin Lithium-Ion NMC na duniya ana hasashen zai yi girma daga dalar Amurka miliyan a 2022 zuwa dalar Amurka miliyan a 2029; ana tsammanin zai yi girma a CAGR na % daga 2023 zuwa 2029. Kuma karuwar buƙatun aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar nauyi Ana hasashen lodi zai sanya batir lithium ion na 3000-10000 mafi sauri ɓangaren girma yayin lokacin hasashen (2022-2030).
6. Rahoton kudi na baya-bayan nan game da kudin shiga na Lithium ion Battery
Kasuwancin kasuwar batirin lithium ion ana hasashen zai yi girma daga dalar Amurka 51.16 biliyan a 2022 zuwa dala biliyan 118.15 nan da 2030, yana nuna fili na shekara-shekara. Adadin girma na 4.72% yayin lokacin hasashen (2022-2030), wanda ya dogara da dalilai da dama.
l Binciken Ƙarshen Mai Amfani
Shigar da sassan kayan aiki sune mabuɗin direbobi don ajiyar makamashin baturi tsarin (BESS). Ana tsammanin wannan sashin zai yi girma daga dala biliyan 2.25 a cikin 2021 zuwa $5.99 biliyan a cikin 2030 a CAGR na 11.5%. Batura Li-ion sun nuna sama da 34.4% CAGR saboda ƙarancin haɓakarsu. Ma'ajiyar makamashi ta wurin zama da kasuwanci ɓangarorin wasu yankuna ne waɗanda ke da babban damar kasuwa na dala biliyan 5.51 a cikin 2030, daga dala biliyan 1.68 a shekarar 2021. Bangaren masana'antu na ci gaba da tafiya iskar carbon sifili, tare da kamfanoni suna yin alƙawuran sifili a cikin biyun na gaba shekarun da suka gabata. Kamfanonin sadarwa da cibiyoyin bayanai sune kan gaba wajen ragewa iskar carbon tare da ƙara mai da hankali kan hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa. Duka wanda zai inganta saurin haɓaka batirin lithium ion kamar kamfanoni suna samun hanyoyin da za su tabbatar da amintaccen ma'auni da daidaitawar grid.
l Nau'in Samfura
Saboda tsadar cobalt, baturin da ba shi da cobalt yana ɗaya daga cikin yanayin ci gaban batirin lithium-ion. Babban ƙarfin lantarki LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) tare da babban ka'idar makamashi yawa ne daya daga cikin mafi m Co-free kayan cathode a cikin ƙarin. Bugu da ari, sakamakon gwaji ya tabbatar da hakan Ana inganta aikin hawan keke da ƙimar C na baturin LNMO ta amfani da Semi-m electrolyte. Ana iya ba da shawarar cewa anionic COF yana iya Shawarar da ƙarfi da Mn3+/Mn2+ da Ni2+ ta hanyar hulɗar Coulomb, hana su ƙaura mai halakarwa zuwa ga anode. Don haka, wannan aikin zai kasance zama da amfani ga tallace-tallace na LNMO cathode abu.
l Binciken Yanki
Asiya-Pacific za ta kasance babbar kasuwar batirin lithium-ion ta 2030, abubuwan amfani da masana'antu ne ke tafiyar da su. Zai wuce Arewacin Amurka da Turai da ke da kasuwa na dala biliyan 7.07 a cikin 2030, wanda ya karu daga dala biliyan 1.24 a ranar 2021 ya kasance 21.3 CAGR. Arewacin Amurka da Turai ne za su kasance mafi girma na gaba kasuwanni saboda burinsu na lalata tattalin arzikinsu da grid a gaba shekaru biyu. LATAM zai ga mafi girman ƙimar girma a CAGR na 21.4% saboda na ƙaramin girmansa da ƙananan tushe.
7. Abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su don Batir Lithium ion masu inganci
Lokacin siyan inverter na hasken rana, ba kawai farashi da inganci dole ne su kasance ba idan aka yi la’akari da su, ya kamata kuma a kiyaye wasu abubuwan.
l Yawan Makamashi
Yawan makamashi shine adadin kuzarin da aka adana kowace juzu'in raka'a. Mafi girma Yawan kuzari tare da ƙarancin nauyi da girman ya fi girma tsakanin caji hawan keke.
l Tsaro
Tsaro wani muhimmin al'amari ne na baturan lithium-ion tun fashewar abubuwa da gobarar da ka iya faruwa yayin caji ko fitarwa, don haka ya zama dole zaɓi batura tare da ingantattun hanyoyin aminci, kamar na'urori masu auna zafin jiki da abubuwa masu hanawa.
l Nau'i
Ɗaya daga cikin sababbin abubuwan da ke faruwa a masana'antar baturi na lithium-ion shine haɓaka batura masu ƙarfi, waɗanda ke ba da fa'idodi da yawa kamar su mafi girma makamashi yawa da kuma tsawon rayuwa sake zagayowar. Alal misali, amfani da batura masu ƙarfi a cikin motocin lantarki za su ƙara yawan kewayon su sosai iyawa da aminci.
l Yawan caji
Adadin caji ya dogara da saurin cajin baturi lafiya. Wani lokaci baturin yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo kafin a yi amfani da su.
l Tsawon rayuwa
Babu baturi da ke aiki tsawon rayuwa amma yana da ranar ƙarewa. Duba ƙarewar kwanan wata kafin yin sayan. Batirin lithium ion suna da tsayi mai tsayi rayuwa saboda sunadarai amma kowane baturi ya bambanta da juna dangane da nau'in, ƙayyadaddun bayanai da yadda aka yi su. Batura masu inganci za su suna dadewa tunda an yi su da kyawawan kayan ciki.
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