He aha ka Lithium Ion Battery?

1. He aha ka Lithium Ion Battery?

ʻO ka pākaukau kahi kumu o ka mana uila i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā pūnaewele electrochemical me nā pili waho no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā mea uila. ʻO kahi pākaukau lithium-ion a i ʻole Li-ion kahi ʻano o ka pākaukau rechargeable e hoʻohana ana i ka reversible ho'ēmi o ka lithium ion e mālama i ka ikehu a ua kaulana ko lakou kiʻekiʻe ikehu ikehu.

2. ʻO ke ʻano o nā Bateri Lithium Ion

ʻO ka maʻamau ka hapa nui o nā Bateri Li-ion pāʻoihana e hoʻohana i nā pūhui intercalation e like me mea hana. Loaʻa iā lākou he mau papa o nā mea hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma kahi ʻano kikoʻī e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke kaʻina hana electrochemical hiki i ka pākaukau ke mālama a hoʻokuʻu i ka ikehu--anode, cathode, electrolyte, mea hoʻokaʻawale a me ka ʻohi o kēia manawa.

He aha ka anode?

Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka pākaukau, he mea nui ka anode i ka hiki, ka hana, a me ka lōʻihi o ka pākaukau. I ka hoʻouka ʻana, ʻo ka anode graphite kuleana no ka ʻae ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā ion lithium. I ka wā o ka pākaukau hoʻokuʻu ʻia, neʻe nā ion lithium mai ka anode i ka cathode i hiki ai i kahi hana ʻia ke au uila. ʻO ka anode maʻamau i hoʻohana maʻamau he graphite, ka mea i loko o kona kūlana lithiated piha o LiC6 correlates i ka maximal ka mana o 1339 C/g (372 mAh/g). Akā me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana, hou ua noiʻi ʻia nā mea e like me ke silika no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka nui o ka ikehu no nā pākahi lithium-ion.

He aha ka cathode?

Hana ʻo Cathode e ʻae a hoʻokuʻu i nā ion lithium i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia i ka wā nā pōʻaiapuni o kēia manawa. ʻO ka mea maʻamau i loko o kahi hoʻolālā papa o kahi oxide papa (e like me ka lithium cobalt oxide), he polyanion (e like me ka lithium iron phosphate) a i ʻole he spinel (e like me ka lithium manganese oxide) i uhi ʻia ma luna o ka mea ʻohi uku (maʻa mau hana ʻia me ka alumini).

He aha ka electrolyte?

E like me ka paʻakai lithium i loko o kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe organik, lawelawe ka electrolyte ma ke ʻano he medium no ka neʻe ʻana o nā ion lithium ma waena o ka anode a me ka cathode i ka wā e hoʻouka ai a ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.

He aha ka mea hoʻokaʻawale?

Ma ke ʻano he membrane lahilahi a i ʻole ka papa o nā mea non-conductive, hana ka mea hoʻokaʻawale pale i ka anode (negative electrode) a me ka cathode (positive electrode) mai pōkole, no ka mea, hiki ke paʻa kēia papa i nā ion lithium akā ʻaʻole i nā electrons. ʻO ia hiki ke hōʻoia i ka holo mau o nā ion ma waena o nā electrodes i ka wā e hoʻouka ai a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana. No laila, hiki i ka pila ke mālama i ka volta paʻa a hoʻemi ka pilikia o ka wela nui, puhi a pahū.

He aha ka mea ʻohi o kēia manawa?

Hoʻolālā ʻia ka ʻohi o kēia manawa e hōʻiliʻili i nā mea i hana ʻia e ka nā electrodes o ka pākaukau a lawe aku iā ia i ke kaapuni waho, ʻo ia hoʻi mea nui e hōʻoia i ka hana maikaʻi loa a me ka lōʻihi o ka pākaukau. A ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hana ʻia ia mai kahi ʻāpana lahilahi o ka alumini a i ʻole ke keleawe.

3. ʻO ka Moʻolelo Hoʻomohala o nā Bateri Lithium Ion

ʻO ka noiʻi ʻana e pili ana i nā pākahi Li-ion hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia i nā makahiki 1960, kekahi o nā ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona mua loa he pākaukau CuF2/Li i hoʻomohala ʻia e NASA i ka makahiki 1965. A pilikia aila i ka honua i nā makahiki 1970, ua huli ka poʻe noiʻi i ko lākou manaʻo i kahi koho nā kumu o ka ikehu, no laila ka holomua i hana i ke ʻano mua loa o ka Ua hana ʻia ka pākaukau Li-ion hou ma muli o ke kaumaha māmā a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ka mānoanoa o nā pākahi lithium ion. Ma ka manawa like, ʻo Stanley Whittingham o Exxon ua ʻike ʻia hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia nā ion lithium i loko o nā mea like me TiS2 to hana i ka pila rechargeable 

No laila ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e kālepa i kēia pākaukau akā ua hāʻule ma muli o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lithium metallic i nā cell. I ka makahiki 1980 ua ʻike ʻia nā mea hou e hāʻawi i kahi voli kiʻekiʻe a ʻoi aku ka nui paʻa i ka ea, e hoʻohana ʻia ma hope i ka pā pāʻoihana Li-ion mua, ʻaʻole naʻe i hoʻoholo i ka pilikia mau o flammability.I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hana ʻo Rachid Yazami i ka lithium graphite electrode (anode). A laila i ka makahiki 1991, ʻo ka lithium-ion rechargeable mua loa o ka honua ua hoʻomaka nā pila e komo i ka mākeke 

I ka makahiki 2000, ke koi nei no ka lithium-ion Ua hoʻonui ʻia nā pākaukau i ka lilo ʻana o nā mea uila uila i kaulana, kahi e hoʻokele ai ʻoi aku ka palekana a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā pākahi lithium ion. ʻO nā kaʻa uila i hoʻokomo ʻia i nā makahiki 2010, nāna i hana i kahi mākeke hou no nā pā lithium-ion. ʻO ka ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kaʻina hana hou a me nā mea hana, e like me nā anodes silika a me nā electrolytes solid-state, hoʻomau i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana a me ka palekana o nā pākahi lithium-ion. I kēia mau lā, ua lilo nā pākahi lithium-ion i mea nui i loko ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā, no laila ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hou a me Ke hoʻomau nei nā ʻenehana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana, ka pono, a me ka palekana o keia mau pila.

4. ʻO nā ʻano o nā Bateri Lithium Ion

Hiki mai nā ʻanuʻu lithium-ion i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā nui, ʻaʻole nā ​​​​mea āpau ua hoohalikeia lakou. ʻO ka maʻamau he ʻelima mau ʻano o nā pākahi lithium-ion.

l Lithium Cobalt Oxide

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻona lithium cobalt oxide mai ka lithium carbonate a cobalt a ua ʻike ʻia hoʻi he lithium cobaltate a i ʻole lithium-ion cobalt pākahi. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi cathode cobalt oxide a me kahi anode kalapona graphite, a me nā ion lithium e neʻe mai ka anode i ka cathode i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai, me ka hoʻohuli ʻana o ke kahe i ka wā e hoʻopiʻi ʻia ai ka pākaukau. No kāna noi, hoʻohana ʻia lākou i ka portable nā mea uila, nā kaʻa uila, a me nā ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu hou ma muli o ko lākou ikaika kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hoʻokuʻu iho, hana kiʻekiʻe ka uila a me ka laulā wela.Akā e hoʻolohe i nā mea palekana pili i ka hiki no ka mahuka wela a me ka hiki ole i ke kiekie nā mahana wela.

l Lithium Manganese Oxide

ʻO Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn2O4) kahi mea cathode i hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā ʻona lithium-ion. ʻO ka ʻenehana no kēia ʻano pākaukau i ka wā mua ʻike ʻia i nā makahiki 1980, me ka paʻi mua ʻana ma ka Materials Research Bulletin i ka makahiki 1983. ʻO kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi o LiMn2O4 ʻo ia ka maikaʻi o ka wela ʻo ke kūpaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka thermal runaway, ka mea ʻoi aku ka palekana ma mua o nā ʻano pākaukau lithium-ion ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, he manganese ka nui a me ka loaʻa nui ʻana, ʻo ia ke koho ʻoi aku ka hoʻomau i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā mea cathode i loaʻa nā kumuwaiwai liʻiliʻi e like me ka cobalt. Ma ka hopena, ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou i nā lako olakino a me nā mea hana, nā mea hana mana, uila kaʻa kaʻa, a me nā noi ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai ʻo kona mau pono, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o LiMn2O4 paʻa paʻa paikikala i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me LiCoO2, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono paha ia e ʻoi aku hoʻololi pinepine, no laila ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu lōʻihi ʻōnaehana.

l Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP)

Hoʻohana ʻia ka Phosphate ma ke ʻano he cathode i loko o nā pākahi lithium hao phosphate, pinepine ʻike ʻia ʻo ia nā pākahi li-phosphate. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ko lākou kūpaʻa haʻahaʻa i kā lākou thermal kūpaʻa a me ka palekana. Kaulana nō hoʻi lākou no ka lōʻihi a me ka pōʻai ola lōʻihi, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻolilo iā lākou i ke koho kūpono loa i nā ʻano lithium-ion ʻē aʻe nā pila. No laila, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia mau pila i nā kaʻa uila a me nā noi ʻē aʻe e koi ana i kahi pōʻai ola lōʻihi a me nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka palekana. Akā ʻo kona mau hemahema e paʻakikī ai ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ʻO nā ʻano pākahi lithium-ion ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai no ka mea hoʻohana kakaʻikahi a waiwai maka makamae. Eia kekahi, ua loaʻa i nā pākaukau lithium hao phosphate a haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hana uila, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole kūpono lākou no kekahi nā noi e koi ana i ka voltage kiʻekiʻe. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa e hoʻopaʻa ai hemahema i nā noi e koi ana i ka hoʻouka hou.

l Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC)

ʻO nā pākahiko Lithium Nickel manganese Cobalt Oxide, i ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo NMC nā pākaukau, ua hana ʻia me nā ʻano mea like ʻole i ke ao holoʻokoʻa nā pākahi lithium-ion. He cathode i hana ʻia me ka hui ʻana o ka nickel, manganese, a me hoʻokomo ʻia ka cobalt. Kona ikehu kiʻekiʻe, hana paikikala maikaʻi, a a ʻO ke ola lōʻihi ka mea i koho mua ʻia i nā kaʻa uila, ka mālama ʻana i ka grid nā ʻōnaehana, a me nā noi hana kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe, i hāʻawi hou aku i ka ulu nui ʻana o nā kaʻa uila a me nā ʻōnaehana ikehu hou. I ka hoʻonui i ka hiki, hoʻohana ʻia nā electrolytes hou a me nā mea hoʻohui e hiki ai iā ia hoʻopiʻi i ka 4.4V/cell a ʻoi aʻe 

Aia kahi ʻano e pili ana i ka Li-ion i hui pū ʻia me NMC mai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻōnaehana a hāʻawi i ka hana maikaʻi. Nikela, manganese, a ʻo ka cobalt ʻekolu mau mea hana i hiki ke hoʻohui maʻalahi e kūpono i kahi ākea ka laulā o nā ʻōnaehana mālama kaʻa a me ka ikehu (EES) pono kaʻa kaʻa pinepine. Mai laila mākou e ʻike ai i ka ʻohana NMC e piʻi nui ana ʻokoʻa Eia nō naʻe, kona mau hopena ʻaoʻao o ka holo ʻana o ka wela, nā pōʻino ahi a me ke kaiapuni hiki i nā manaʻo ke keʻakeʻa i kona ulu hou ʻana.

l Lithium Titanate

ʻO ka Lithium titanate, i ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo li-titanate, he ʻano pākaukau i loaʻa kahi e ulu ana ka nui o na mea hoohana. Ma muli o kāna nanotechnology kiʻekiʻe, hiki iā ia ke e hoʻouka wikiwiki a hoʻokuʻu i ka wā e mālama ana i ka volta paʻa, kahi e hana ai kūpono no nā noi mana kiʻekiʻe e like me nā kaʻa uila, kālepa a me nā ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu ʻoihana, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka pae kiʻekiʻe 

Me kona ka palekana a me ka hilinaʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau pākahi no ka pūʻali koa a me ka aerospace nā noi, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka makani a me ka ikehu lā a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ke akamai nā mānoanoa. Eia kekahi, e like me ka Battery Space, hiki i kēia mau pila hoʻohana ʻia ma nā ʻōnaehana mana koʻikoʻi. Eia naʻe, lithium titanate ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai ma mua o nā pākahi lithium-ion maʻamau i ke kaʻina hana paʻakikī e pono ai e hana iā lākou.

5. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā Bateri Lithium Ion

Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ulu honua o nā hoʻonohonoho ikehu hou hana i ka ikehu intermittent, e hana ana i kahi mānoanoa kaulike ʻole. Ua alakaʻi kēia i kahi koi no na batteries.while ka nānā 'ana i ka zero carbon emissions a pono e ne'e mai nā wahie mōʻalihaʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lanahu, no ka wikiwiki o ka hana mana nā aupuni e hoʻoikaika i nā hoʻokomo ʻana o ka lā a me ka makani. ʻO kēia mau mea Hāʻawi nā mea hoʻonohonoho iā lākou iho i nā ʻōnaehana mālama pākaukau e mālama i ka mana keu hana ʻia 

No laila, hoʻoikaika ke aupuni e hoʻoikaika i ka pākaukau Li-ion ʻO nā mea hoʻonohonoho hoʻi e alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pākaukau lithium ion. ʻo kahi laʻana, ke kuhi nei ka nui o ka mākeke NMC Lithium-Ion Batteries e ulu mai US $ miliona ma 2022 i US $ miliona ma 2029; manaʻo ʻia e ulu ma kahi CAGR o % mai 2023 a 2029. A ʻo ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o nā noi e koi nui ana Hoʻolālā ʻia nā ukana e hana i nā pākahi lithium ion o 3000-10000 ka wikiwiki loa. e ulu ana i ka ʻāpana i ka wā wānana (2022-2030).

6. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana o nā Bateri Lithium Ion

Kuhi ʻia ka ʻoihana mākeke lithium ion e ulu mai ka USD 51.16 piliona ma 2022 a i USD 118.15 biliona e 2030, e hōʻike ana i kahi hui makahiki ka ulu ʻana o 4.72% i ka wā wānana (2022-2030), e pili ana i mau kumu.

l Ka Hoʻomākaʻikaʻi Mea hoʻohana

ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ʻāpana pono nā mea hoʻokele nui no ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu pākaukau ʻōnaehana (BESS). Kuhi ʻia kēia māhele e ulu mai $2.25 biliona ma 2021 a $5.99 biliona ma 2030 ma kahi CAGR o 11.5%. Hōʻike ʻia nā pākahi Li-ion i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 34.4% CAGR ma muli o ko lākou kumu ulu haʻahaʻa. Ka hale noho a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ʻO nā ʻāpana he mau wahi ʻē aʻe me ka mākeke nui o $ 5.51 biliona ma 2030, mai $1.68 biliona ma 2021. Ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻoihana ʻoihana i kāna huakaʻi hele ʻaʻohe kalapona kalapona, me nā hui e hana ana i nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki net-zero i nā ʻelua e hiki mai ana mau makahiki. Aia nā ʻoihana Telecom a me nā kikowaena data ma mua o ka hōʻemi hoʻokuʻu kalapona me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i nā kumu mana ikehu hou. ʻO nā mea a pau ʻO ia ka mea e hāpai i ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o nā pā lithium ion e like me ʻimi nā ʻoihana i nā ala e hōʻoia ai i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana a me ka pale kaulike.

l Hoʻohālikelike ʻAno Huahana

Ma muli o ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka cobalt, ʻo ka pākaukau kobalt-free kekahi o nā nā ʻano hoʻomohala ʻana o nā pākahi lithium-ion. LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) kiʻekiʻe-volt me ka ikehu theoretical kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia kekahi o ka Co-free hoʻohiki nā mea cathode i ka ʻoi aku. Eia hou, ua hōʻoia nā hopena hoʻokolohua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hana paikikala a me ka C-rate o ka pākaukau LNMO ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka semi-solid electrolyte. Hiki ke noi ʻia kēia i hiki i ka anionic COF e komo ikaika i ka Mn3+/Mn2+ a me Ni2+ ma o ka launa pū ʻana o Coulomb, kaohi ana i ko lakou nee ana i ka anode. No laila, e hana kēia hana e pōmaikaʻi i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā mea cathode LNMO.

l Ka Hoʻohālua ʻĀpana

ʻO Asia-Pākīpika ka mākeke pākahi lithium-ion nui loa e 2030, alakaʻi ʻia e nā pono hana a me nā ʻoihana. E loaʻa iā ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a ʻEulopa me kahi mākeke o $7.07 biliona ma 2030, e ulu ana mai $1.24 biliona ma 2021 ma kahi CAGR o 21.3%. ʻO ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me ʻEulopa ka mea nui loa nā mākeke ma muli o kā lākou mau pahuhopu e decarbonize i kā lākou ʻoihana a me ka grid i ka wā e hiki mai ana ʻelua mau makahiki. E ʻike ʻo LATAM i ka ulu ulu kiʻekiʻe loa ma kahi CAGR o 21.4% no ka mea ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a me ke kumu haʻahaʻa.

7. Nā mea e noʻonoʻo ai no nā Bateri Lithium Ion Kiʻekiʻe

I ke kūʻai ʻana i ka mea hoʻohuli solar optical, ʻaʻole wale ke kumukūʻai a me ka maikaʻi e noʻonoʻo ʻia, pono e mālama ʻia nā kumu ʻē aʻe.

l Ka Paʻa Pahu

ʻO ka Energy density ka nui o ka ikehu i mālama ʻia i kēlā me kēia leo. Kiʻekiʻe ʻoi aku ka laulā o ka ikehu me ka liʻiliʻi o ke kaumaha a me ka nui ma waena o ka hoʻouka ʻana nā pōʻaiapuni.

l Palekana

ʻO ka palekana kekahi mea koʻikoʻi o nā pākahi lithium-ion mai ka pahū ʻana a me nā ahi e hiki mai ana i ka wā e hoʻouka ai a hoʻokuʻu paha, no laila pono e koho i nā ʻōhua me nā mīkini palekana i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, e like me nā ʻike wela a me na mea hoohihia.

l ʻAno

ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano hou loa i ka ʻoihana pākaukau lithium-ion ʻo ia ka ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻōhua paʻa paʻa, e hāʻawi ana i kahi ʻano o nā pono e like me ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehu a me ka pōʻai ola lōʻihi. No ka laʻana, ka hoʻohana ʻana o e hoʻonui nui ʻia nā ʻōhua paʻa i nā kaʻa uila ka hiki a me ka palekana.

l Ka helu o ka hoʻouka ʻana

ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻouka ʻana e pili ana i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka pākaukau me ka palekana. I kekahi manawa, lōʻihi ka manawa o ka pila ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana.

l Ke ola ana

ʻAʻohe pākaukau e holo no ke ola holoʻokoʻa akā loaʻa ka lā pau. E nānā i ka pau ʻana lā ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana. He ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā pākahi Lithium ion ola ma muli o kāna kemika akā ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia pākaukau mai kekahi i kekahi ma muli o ke ʻano, nā kikoʻī a me ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana. ʻO nā ʻōhua kiʻekiʻe ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma muli o ka hana ʻana i nā mea maikaʻi o loko.