Ukuhlaziywa kwembangela yegobolondo lesigubhu sebhethri nokuqhuma

Awdur: Iflowpower - Proveedor de centrales eléctricas portátiles

I-lithium iyinsimbi encane nesebenzayo kakhulu kuthebula lomjikelezo wamakhemikhali. Usayizi omncane, umthamo omkhulu wokuminyana, othandwa ngabathengi nonjiniyela. Kodwa-ke, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali zinamandla kakhulu, ziletha izingozi eziphakeme kakhulu.

Lapho insimbi ye-lithium ivezwa emoyeni, izoqhuma ngokusabela okushubile kwe-oxidation nge-oxygen. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha namandla kagesi, ososayensi basungula izinto ezifana ne-graphite ne-lithium cobaltate ukugcina ama-athomu e-lithium. Isakhiwo samangqamuzana salezi zinto, sakha i-lattice encane yokugcina izinga le-nanometric, engasetshenziswa ukugcina ama-athomu e-lithium.

Ngale ndlela, ngisho noma indlu yebhethri iphukile, i-oxygen ingena, futhi ama-molecule e-oksijini ngeke abe mkhulu kakhulu, futhi lezi grids ezincane zokugcina azikwazi ukuxhumana nomoya-mpilo ukuvimbela ukuqhuma. Lo mgomo wamabhethri e-lithium-ion wenza abantu bazuze ukuphepha kwabo kuyilapho bethola ukuminyana komthamo omkhulu. Lapho ibhethri ye-lithium ion ishajwa, i-athomu ye-lithium ye-electrode enhle izolahlekelwa ama-electron, i-oxidized ku-lithium ion.

Ama-ion e-lithium aya ku-electrode engemihle ngoketshezi lwe-electrolytic, afake endaweni yokugcina i-electrode engemihle, futhi athole i-electron, enciphisa i-athomu ye-lithium. Lapho ikhishwa, lonke uhlelo lwawa. Ukuze uvimbele i-electrode ephozithivu nenegethivu yebhethri, ibhethri izofaka iphepha le-diaphragm elinezimbobo eziningi ezinhle ukuvimbela amasekhethi amafushane.

Iphepha elihle le-diaphragm lingacisha futhi ngokuzenzakalelayo izimbobo ezinhle lapho izinga lokushisa lebhethri liphezulu kakhulu, ukuze i-lithium ion ingakwazi ukuwela, ukuvimbela ingozi,. Umongo webhethri ye-lithium-ion uzoqala ngokuhlangana ngemuva kokuthi i-voltage iphezulu kuno-4.2V.

Umfutho we-overcharge uphezulu, futhi ingozi nayo iphakeme. Ngemuva kokuthi i-lithium yebhethri ye-lithium iphakeme kune-4.2V, inombolo esele ye-athomu ye-lithium ezintweni ze-electrode eqondile ingaphansi kwesigamu, futhi igiya lokugcina lizovame ukuwa, ukuze umthamo webhethri ube nokwehla unomphela.

Uma iqhubeka nokushaja, njengoba i-reservoir ye-electrode engalungile igcwele i-athomu ye-lithium, i-lithium metal elandelayo izoqongelela ebusweni bezinto ezingezinhle. Lawa ma-athomu e-lithium azoba i-crystallization ye-branched ukusuka ekuqondeni kwendawo engalungile kuya ku-ion ye-lithium. Lawa makristalu ensimbi e-lithium azodlula ephepheni le-diaphragm ukwenza amasekethe amafushane amahle futhi angalungile.

Ngezinye izikhathi ibhethri ngaphambi kwesifunda esifushane izoqhuma kuqala ngoba izinto ezifana nenqubo yokukhokhiswa ngokweqile, i-electrolyte nezinye izinto zizoqhekeka igesi, ukuze indlu yebhethri noma i-valve yokucindezela iphukile, okuvumela i-oksijeni ukuthi ingene ekuphenduleni kwe-lithium athomu endaweni engalungile, Bese iqhuma. Ngakho-ke, lapho ibhethri ye-lithium ion ishajwa, kufanele isethelwe ukusetha umkhawulo ophezulu we-voltage ukuze ngasikhathi sinye kucatshangelwe impilo, umthamo, nokuvikeleka kwebhethri. Umkhawulo kagesi wokushaja ofiseleka kakhulu ngu-4.

2V. Kufanele kube nomkhawulo we-voltage lapho ibhethri ye-lithium ikhishwa. Ezinye izinto zizocekelwa phansi uma umthamo webhethri ungaphansi kuka-2.

4V. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ibhethri izozikhipha ngokwayo, i-voltage ende kakhulu iphansi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthi ungayibeki kuze kube ngu-2.4V uma ikhishwa.

Ibhethri ye-lithium ion ikhishwa isuka ku-3.0V iye ku-2.4V, futhi amandla akhululiwe abala kuphela cishe u-3% womthamo webhethri.

Ngakho-ke, i-3.0V iyi-voltage efanelekile yokukhipha ukukhishwa. Ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhishwa, ngaphezu komkhawulo we-voltage, umkhawulo wamanje nawo uyadingeka.

Uma i-current inkulu kakhulu, i-lithium ion ayifaki igridi yokugcina, ezohlanganisa phezu kwendawo yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngemuva kokuthi lawa ma-ion e-lithium enziwe nge-elekthronikhi, i-lithium atomic crystallization ivela ebusweni bezinto ezibonakalayo, okufana nokukhokhiswa ngokweqile, okungabangela ingozi. Endabeni yokuqhekeka, kuzoqhuma.

Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa kwamabhethri e-lithium ion kufanele kufakwe: umkhawulo ongaphezulu we-voltage yokushaja, umkhawulo we-voltage wokukhipha, nomkhawulo ophezulu wamanje. Ngokuvamile, ngaphezu kweseli yebhethri ye-lithium-ion, kuzoba nepuleti yokuzivikela, okubalulekile ukunikeza lezi zivikelo ezintathu. Kodwa-ke, ukuvikela okuthathu kwesivikeli ngokusobala akwanele, futhi ukuqhuma kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion yomhlaba wonke kuseyi-biography.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesistimu yebhethri, kufanele uhlaziye ngokucophelela ukuqhuma kwebhethri. Ukuqhuma kwebhethri kubangele 1. I-polarization yangaphakathi inkulu!.

3, izinga, inkinga yokusebenza kwe-electrolyte ngokwayo. 4, inani lokuqedwa alifinyelelwanga yinqubo. I-5, i-laser welding enqubeni yomhlangano imbi, iyavuza, ivuza, isivivinyo sokuvuza.

6, uthuli, uthuli lwefilimu kakhulu luqala lula ukuholela kumasekethe amafushane amancane, izizathu ezithile ezingaziwa. 7, ipuleti elihle nelibi liwugqinsi, inqubo iwugqinsi, futhi kunzima ukungena egobolondweni. I-8, inkinga yengono, ukusebenza kokuvalwa kwebhola lensimbi akukuhle.

I-9, impahla yezindlu ikhona enodonga oluqinile lwegobolondo, ubukhulu be-deformation yezindlu. Uhlobo lokuhlaziywa kokuqhuma kokuqhuma kwengqikithi yebhethri lungafingqwa njengesifunda esifushane sangaphandle, isifunda esifushane sangaphakathi kanye nokushajwa okungaphezulu. Isistimu yangaphandle lapha isho ingaphandle lebhethri, elihlanganisa amasekhethi amafushane okubangwa ukwakheka okungekuhle kwe-insulation kuphakethe lebhethri.

Uma isifunda esifushane singaphandle kweseli yebhethri, ingxenye kagesi ayinqanyulwa, futhi ingaphakathi leseli yebhethri lizoba nokushisa okuphezulu, okuholela ekushiseni kwe-electrolyte ingxenye, futhi isekele igobolondo lebhethri. Uma izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lebhethri liphakeme lifinyelela ku-135 degrees Celsius, ikhwalithi ye-diaphragm ivaliwe, ukusabela kwe-electrochemical kuyanqanyulwa noma sekuseduze nokuphela, amandla amanje ayancipha, futhi izinga lokushisa liyehla kancane, okubuye kuvimbele ukuqhuma. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokuvala imbobo enhle liphansi kakhulu, noma imbobo ecolekile ayilivali iphepha le-diaphragm, elizoqhubeka nokukhuphuka, i-electrolyte eyengeziwe, futhi iqedele ukufakwa kwebhethri, futhi ikhulise izinga lokushisa lebhethri ukwenza izinga lokushisa lebhethri livutha futhi liqhume.

Isifunda esifushane sangaphakathi sibalulekile ngoba i-foil yethusi idonsa ulwelwesi lwe-aluminium foil, noma amagatsha e-athomu ye-lithium agqoka i-diaphragm. Lezi zinaliti ezinhle zingabangela ama-micro-short circuits. Ngenxa yokuthi inaliti inhle kakhulu, kunenani elithile lokumelana, ngakho-ke okwamanje akukhona ngempela.

I-copper aluminium foil glue ibangelwa inqubo yokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba i-glitch incane, ngezinye izikhathi izoshiswa, ukuze ibhethri libuyele evamile. Ngakho-ke, amathuba okuqhuma okubangelwa ama-burrs awaphezulu.

Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukuthi ube nebhethri elifushane elishajwe ngaphakathi kusuka ngaphakathi kweseli ngalinye. Nokho, isigameko sokuqhuma senzeke, kodwa sisekelwe ngokwezibalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhuma okubangelwa ama- short circuits angaphakathi kubalulekile ngenxa yokukhokhiswa ngokweqile.

Ngoba, i-lithium metal crystallization efana nenaliti, futhi iyisekhethi emifushane emincane. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa lebhethri lizokhula kancane kancane, futhi ekugcineni izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lizoba igesi ye-electrolyte. Lesi simo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siphezulu kakhulu ukwenza ukuqhuma kwezinto ezivuthayo, noma igobolondo langaphandle liphukile kuqala, ukuze umoya utshalwe ku-lithium metal, ukuqhuma.

Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuqhuma okubangelwa ukujikeleza okufushane kwangaphakathi okweqile akwenzeki ngesikhathi sokushaja. Kungenzeka ukuthi izinga lokushisa lebhethri aliphezulu ukuvumela impahla ishiswe. Lapho igesi ibonakala, umthengi akwanele ukuphula indlu yebhethri, umthengi uzonqamula ukushaja, ngomakhalekhukhwini ukuze aphume.

Ngalesi sikhathi, ukushisa kwama-circuits amaningi amancane amancane, kancane kancane kwandisa izinga lokushisa kwebhethri, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ukuqhuma kuphela. Incazelo evamile yomthengi ukuthatha ifoni futhi uthole ukuthi ifoni iyashisa, bese iqhuma. Ezinye izinhlobo zokuqhuma, singabeka ukugxila okuvikela ukuqhuma ekuvimbeleni, ekuvimbeleni isifunda esifushane sangaphandle, futhi sithuthukise ukuphepha kwebhethri izici ezintathu.

Phakathi kwazo, ukuvimbela i-overchalten kanye nokuvimbela isifunda esifushane sangaphandle kungokokuvikelwa kwe-elekthronikhi, futhi kunobudlelwane obukhulu nomklamo wesistimu yebhethri kanye nephakethe lebhethri. Okugxilwe kukho ekuthuthukisweni kokuphepha kukagesi ukuvikelwa kwamakhemikhali nokokusebenza, okunobudlelwano obukhulu nomkhiqizi oyinhloko webhethri. Izimiso zokuklama zinamakhulu ezigidi zomakhalekhukhwini, futhi izinga lokuhluleka kokuvikela ukuphepha kufanele libe ngaphansi kwezigidi eziyi-100.

Ngoba, izinga lokuhluleka kwebhodi lesifunda ngokuvamile liphakeme kakhulu kunezigidi eziyikhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlelo lwebhethri luklanywa, kufanele kube nemigqa yokuphepha emibili. Ukwakheka kwephutha elivamile ukushaja ibhethri ngqo ngeshaja (I-adaptha).

Lokhu kuzokhokhisa ngokweqile ukuvikela kwesivikelo, kuphathe ngokuphelele ipuleti lokuvikela ephaketheni lebhethri. Nakuba izinga lokuhluleka kwesivikeli lingekho phezulu, ngisho noma izinga lephutha liphansi, umhlaba wonke kuseyingozi yokuqhuma emhlabeni. Uma isistimu yebhethri inganikeza ukuvikeleka okubili kokuphepha, i-overcurrent, i-overcurrent inikezwa, futhi izinga lokuhluleka kwesivikelo ngasinye, uma siyingxenye yeshumi, ukuvikela okubili kunganciphisa izinga lokuhluleka libe izigidi ezingu-100.

Uhlelo olujwayelekile lokushaja ibhethri lumi kanje, okuhlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili zeshaja kanye nephakethe lebhethri. Ishaja iphinde ibe nezingxenye ezimbili: i-adaptha nesilawuli sokushaja. I-adaptha iguqula amandla e-AC ukuthi aqondise amandla amanje, futhi isilawuli sokushaja sikhawulela umkhawulo wevolthi ephezulu yamanje kanye nephezulu ye-DC.

Iphakethe lebhethri liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili zepuleti lokuvikela kanye nengqikithi yebhethri, kanye ne-PTC yokukhawulela umkhawulo wamanje. Iseli yebhethri isetshenziswa njengesibonelo. Isistimu yokuvikela i-overchard isethwe ku-4.

2V usebenzisa i-voltage ephumayo yeshaja ukuze kuzuzwe ukuzivikela kokuqala, ukuze ibhethri lingagingqiki ngisho noma ibhodi elivikelayo kwiphakethe lebhethri Ingozi. Isivikelo sesibili umsebenzi wokuvikela okungaphezulu ebhodini lokuvikela, ngokuvamile elibekwe ku-4.3V.

Ngale ndlela, ibhodi lokuvikela ngokuvamile akudingekile ukuba libe nesibopho sokusika ukushaja kwamanje, kuphela lapho i-voltage yeshaja iphezulu kakhulu,. Ukuvikelwa kwe-Overcurrent kunesibopho ibhodi lokuvikela kanye nefilimu yamanje yokukhawulela, okubuye kube ukuvikela okubili, ukuvimbela i-overcurrent ne-short circuit yangaphandle. Njengoba ukukhishwa ngokweqile kuzokwenzeka kuphela ohlelweni lokusetshenziswa kwe-electronics.

Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile iklanyelwe ibhodi lezintambo lomkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi ukuze linikeze kuqala ekuvikelweni, futhi ipuleti lokuvikela ephaketheni lebhethri linikeza isivikelo sesibili. Uma umkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi uthola ukuthi amandla kagesi angaphansi kuka-3.0V, kufanele uvalwe ngokuzenzekelayo.

Uma lesi sici singaklanyelwe, ibhodi elivikelayo lizovala iluphu yokukhipha lapho i-voltage iphansi ukuya ku-2.4V. Ngamafuphi, uma isistimu yebhethri iklanywa, ukuvikela okubili kwe-elekthronikhi kufanele kunikezwe ekushajeni ngokweqile, ngaphezulu, kanye nakweqile.

Phakathi kwabo, ibhodi elivikelayo liyisivikelo sesibili. Khipha isivikeli, uma ibhethri izoqhuma, mele ukwakheka okubi. Nakuba indlela engenhla inikeza ukuvikeleka okubili, njengoba umthengi evame ukuthenga ishaja okungeyona eyangempela ukuze ayikhokhise, futhi imboni yeshaja, ngokusekelwe ekucabangeleni izindleko, ngokuvamile ithatha isilawuli sokushaja ukuze sinciphise izindleko.

Ngenxa yalokho, kunamashaja amaningi aphansi emakethe. Lokhu kwenza ukuvikela icala eligcwele ulahlekelwe indlela yokuqala futhi umugqa wokuvikela obaluleke kakhulu. Futhi ukushaja okungaphezulu kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu lapho ukuqhuma kwebhethri kubangelwa khona.

Ngakho-ke, ishaja engaphansi ingabizwa ngokuthi ukuqhuma kokuqhuma kwebhethri. Yebo, akuwona wonke amasistimu ebhethri asebenzisa izindlela ezichazwe ngenhla. Kwezinye izimo, kuzophinde kube nedizayini yesilawuli sokushaja ephaketheni lebhethri.

Isibonelo: izinti zebhethri eziningi zamabhukwana amaningi, kukhona isilawuli sokushaja. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izincwadi zokubhalela ngokuvamile zenza izilawuli zokushaja kukhompuyutha, zinikeza abathengi kuphela i-adaptha. Ngakho-ke, iphakethe lebhethri elengeziwe lekhompuyutha yamanothibhuku kufanele libe nesilawuli sokushaja ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iphakethe lebhethri langaphandle liphephile uma ushaja i-adaptha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhiqizo ushajwa kusetshenziswa isilayidi sikagwayi semoto, futhi isilawuli sokushaja kwesinye isikhathi senziwa ngaphakathi kwephakethe lebhethri. Umugqa wokugcina wokuzivikela, uma izinyathelo zokuvikela ze-elekthronikhi zehlulekile, umugqa wokugcina wokuzivikela, uzohlinzekwa yibhethri. Izinga lokuphepha lebhethri lingancika ekutheni ibhethri ingakwazi yini ukudlula i-short circuit yangaphandle kanye nokushajwa ngokweqile.

Ngoba ukuqhuma kwebhethri, uma kukhona i-athomu ye-lithium ngaphakathi, amandla okuqhuma azoba mkhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvikela ukushajwa ngokweqile kuvame ukuba nomugqa wokuvikela kuphela ngenxa yabathengi, ngakho-ke ikhono lebhethri lokungakhokhisi ngokweqile kunomjikelezo omfushane ophikisana nangaphandle kubaluleke kakhulu.