Tlhahlobo ea sesosa sa khetla ea moropa oa betri le ho phatloha

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Lithium ke tšepe e fokolang le e sebetsang ka ho fetisisa tafoleng ea potoloho ea lik&39;hemik&39;hale. Boholo bo bonyenyane, boima bo phahameng ba matla, bo tumme ke bareki le baenjiniere. Leha ho le joalo, lintho tsa lik&39;hemik&39;hale li matla haholo, li tlisa likotsi tse phahameng haholo.

Ha tšepe ea lithium e pepesehetse moea, e tla phatloha ka karabelo e matla ea oxidation ka oksijene. E le ho ntlafatsa polokeho le motlakase, bo-rasaense ba ile ba qapa lisebelisoa tse kang graphite le lithium cobaltate ho boloka liathomo tsa lithium. Sebopeho sa limolek&39;hule tsa lisebelisoa tsena, se etsa lesela le lenyenyane la polokelo la boemo ba nanometric, le ka sebelisoang ho boloka liathomo tsa lithium.

Ka tsela ena, esita le haeba ntlo ea betri e robehile, oksijene e kenngoa, &39;me limolek&39;hule tsa oksijene li ke ke tsa e-ba khōlō haholo,&39; me li-grids tsena tse nyenyane tsa polokelo li ke ke tsa kopana le oksijene ho thibela ho phatloha. Molao-motheo ona oa libeteri tsa lithium-ion o etsa hore batho ba finyelle polokeho ea bona ha ba ntse ba fumana matla a eona a phahameng. Ha betri ea lithium ion e qosoa, athomo ea lithium ea electrode e ntle e tla lahleheloa ke li-electrone, e oxidized ho li-ion tsa lithium.

Li-ion tsa lithium li ea ho electrode e mpe ka mokelikeli oa electrolytic, kenya polokelong ea eleketrode e mpe, &39;me u fumane elektrone, e fokotsa athomo ea lithium. Ha e lokolloa, lenaneo lohle le ile la oa. E le ho thibela electrode e ntle le e mpe ea betri, betri e tla eketsa pampiri ea diaphragm e nang le masoba a mangata ho thibela li-circuits tse khutšoanyane.

Pampiri e ntle ea diaphragm e ka boela ea tima likoti tse ntle ka bo eona ha mocheso oa betri o phahame haholo, e le hore li-ion tsa lithium li se ke tsa tšela, ho thibela kotsi. Motlakase oa betri ea lithium-ion o tla qala ka ho kopanya ka mor&39;a hore motlakase o phahame ho feta 4.2V.

Khatello e feteletseng e phahame, &39;me kotsi e boetse e phahame. Ka mor&39;a hore motlakase oa lithium o phahame ho feta 4.2V, palo e setseng ea liathomo tsa lithium ka thepa e ntle ea electrode e ka tlaase ho halofo, &39;me thepa ea polokelo e tla oa hangata, e le hore matla a betri a fokotsehe ka ho sa feleng.

Haeba e ntse e tsoela pele ho lefella, kaha letamo la electrode e mpe le tletse athomo ea lithium, tšepe ea lithium e latelang e tla bokella holim&39;a lintho tse mpe. Liathomo tsena tsa lithium li tla ba branched crystallization ho tloha ka lehlakoreng la sebaka se fosahetseng ho ea ho lithium ion. Likristale tsena tsa tšepe tsa lithium li tla feta pampiring ea diaphragm ho etsa lipotoloho tse khutšoane tse ntle le tse mpe.

Ka nako e &39;ngoe betere pele ho potoloho e khutšoanyane e tla phatloha pele hobane lisebelisoa tse kang ts&39;ebetso ea ho lefella chelete e ngata, electrolyte le lisebelisoa tse ling li tla senya khase, e le hore ntlo ea betri kapa valve ea khatello e robehe, e lumellang oksijene hore e kene ka har&39;a lithium athomo ka holim&39;a metsi, Ka lehlakoreng le leng e phatloha. Ka hona, ha betri ea lithium ion e qosoa, e tlameha ho behoa ho beha moeli o ka holimo oa motlakase ho nka nako e le &39;ngoe ho nahanela bophelo, bokhoni le ts&39;ireletso ea betri. Moeli o lakatsehang oa ho tjhaja motlakase ke 4.

2V. Ho tlameha ho be le moeli oa voltage ha betri ea lithium e tsoa. Lisebelisoa tse ling li tla senyeha ha matla a betri a le ka tlase ho 2.

4V. Hape hobane betri e tla itšehla thajana, matla a nako e telele a tlase, kahoo ho molemo hore u se ke ua e beha ho fihlela 2.4V ha e lokolloa.

Betri ea lithium ion e tsoa ho 3.0V ho ea ho 2.4V, &39;me matla a lokolotsoeng a etsa feela karolo ea 3% ea matla a betri.

Ka hona, 3.0V ke matla a loketseng a ho lahla motlakase. Nakong ea tefiso le ho tsoa, ​​ho phaella moeling oa motlakase, moeli oa hona joale o boetse oa hlokahala.

Ha hona joale e le khōlō haholo, lithium ion ha e kene ka marang-rang a polokelo, e tla bokellana holim&39;a thepa. Ka mor&39;a hore li-ion tsena tsa lithium li sebelisoe ka elektronike, lithium atomic crystallization e hlaha holim&39;a thepa, e tšoanang le tefiso e feteletseng, e ka bakang kotsi. Tabeng ea ho petsoha, e tla phatloha.

Ka hona, ts&39;ireletso ea libeteri tsa lithium ion e lokela ho kenyelletsoa: moeli o ka holimo oa motlakase oa ho tjhaja, moeli oa ho ntša motlakase, le moeli o ka holimo oa hona joale. Ka kakaretso, ho phaella ho sele ea betri ea lithium-ion, ho tla ba le poleiti e sireletsang, e leng ea bohlokoa ho fana ka tšireletso tsena tse tharo. Leha ho le joalo, ho hlakile hore tšireletso e meraro ea mosireletsi ha ea lekana, &39;me ho phatloha ha betri ea lithium-ion lefatšeng ka bophara e ntse e le biography.

Ho netefatsa polokeho ea sistimi ea betri, o tlameha ho etsa tlhahlobo e hlokolosi haholoanyane ea ho phatloha ha betri. Ukuqhuma kwebhethri kubangele 1. I-polarization yangaphakathi inkulu!.

3, izinga, inkinga yokusebenza kwe-electrolyte ngokwayo. 4, inani lokuqedwa alifinyelelwanga yinqubo. I-5, i-laser welding enqubeni yomhlangano imbi, iyavuza, ivuza, isivivinyo sokuvuza.

6, uthuli, uthuli lwefilimu kakhulu luqala lula ukuholela kumasekethe amafushane amancane, izizathu ezithile ezingaziwa. 7, ipuleti elihle nelibi liwugqinsi, inqubo iwugqinsi, futhi kunzima ukungena egobolondweni. I-8, inkinga yengono, ukusebenza kokuvalwa kwebhola lensimbi akukuhle.

I-9, impahla yezindlu ikhona enodonga oluqinile lwegobolondo, ubukhulu be-deformation yezindlu. Uhlobo lokuhlaziywa kokuqhuma kokuqhuma kwengqikithi yebhethri lungafingqwa njengesifunda esifushane sangaphandle, isifunda esifushane sangaphakathi kanye nokushajwa okungaphezulu. Isistimu yangaphandle lapha isho ingaphandle lebhethri, elihlanganisa amasekhethi amafushane okubangwa ukwakheka okungekuhle kwe-insulation kuphakethe lebhethri.

Uma isifunda esifushane singaphandle kweseli yebhethri, ingxenye kagesi ayinqanyulwa, futhi ingaphakathi leseli yebhethri lizoba nokushisa okuphezulu, okuholela ekushiseni kwe-electrolyte ingxenye, futhi isekele igobolondo lebhethri. Uma izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lebhethri liphakeme lifinyelela ku-135 degrees Celsius, ikhwalithi ye-diaphragm ivaliwe, ukusabela kwe-electrochemical kuyanqanyulwa noma sekuseduze nokuphela, amandla amanje ayancipha, futhi izinga lokushisa liyehla kancane, okubuye kuvimbele ukuqhuma. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokuvala imbobo enhle liphansi kakhulu, noma imbobo ecolekile ayilivali iphepha le-diaphragm, elizoqhubeka nokukhuphuka, i-electrolyte eyengeziwe, futhi iqedele ukufakwa kwebhethri, futhi ikhulise izinga lokushisa lebhethri ukwenza izinga lokushisa lebhethri livutha futhi liqhume.

Isifunda esifushane sangaphakathi sibalulekile ngoba i-foil yethusi idonsa ulwelwesi lwe-aluminium foil, noma amagatsha e-athomu ye-lithium agqoka i-diaphragm. Lezi zinaliti ezinhle zingabangela ama-micro-short circuits. Ngenxa yokuthi inaliti inhle kakhulu, kunenani elithile lokumelana, ngakho-ke okwamanje akukhona ngempela.

I-copper aluminium foil glue ibangelwa inqubo yokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba i-glitch incane, ngezinye izikhathi izoshiswa, ukuze ibhethri libuyele evamile. Ngakho-ke, amathuba okuqhuma okubangelwa ama-burrs awaphezulu.

Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukuthi ube nebhethri elifushane elishajwe ngaphakathi kusuka ngaphakathi kweseli ngalinye. Nokho, isigameko sokuqhuma senzeke, kodwa sisekelwe ngokwezibalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhuma okubangelwa ama- short circuits angaphakathi kubalulekile ngenxa yokukhokhiswa ngokweqile.

Ngoba, i-lithium metal crystallization efana nenaliti, futhi iyisekhethi emifushane emincane. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa lebhethri lizokhula kancane kancane, futhi ekugcineni izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lizoba igesi ye-electrolyte. Lesi simo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siphezulu kakhulu ukwenza ukuqhuma kwezinto ezivuthayo, noma igobolondo langaphandle liphukile kuqala, ukuze umoya utshalwe ku-lithium metal, ukuqhuma.

Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuqhuma okubangelwa ukujikeleza okufushane kwangaphakathi okweqile akwenzeki ngesikhathi sokushaja. Kungenzeka ukuthi izinga lokushisa lebhethri aliphezulu ukuvumela impahla ishiswe. Lapho igesi ibonakala, umthengi akwanele ukuphula indlu yebhethri, umthengi uzonqamula ukushaja, ngomakhalekhukhwini ukuze aphume.

Ngalesi sikhathi, ukushisa kwama-circuits amaningi amancane amancane, kancane kancane kwandisa izinga lokushisa kwebhethri, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ukuqhuma kuphela. Incazelo evamile yomthengi ukuthatha ifoni futhi uthole ukuthi ifoni iyashisa, bese iqhuma. Ezinye izinhlobo zokuqhuma, singabeka ukugxila okuvikela ukuqhuma ekuvimbeleni, ekuvimbeleni isifunda esifushane sangaphandle, futhi sithuthukise ukuphepha kwebhethri izici ezintathu.

Phakathi kwazo, ukuvimbela i-overchalten kanye nokuvimbela isifunda esifushane sangaphandle kungokokuvikelwa kwe-elekthronikhi, futhi kunobudlelwane obukhulu nomklamo wesistimu yebhethri kanye nephakethe lebhethri. Okugxilwe kukho ekuthuthukisweni kokuphepha kukagesi ukuvikelwa kwamakhemikhali nokokusebenza, okunobudlelwano obukhulu nomkhiqizi oyinhloko webhethri. Izimiso zokuklama zinamakhulu ezigidi zomakhalekhukhwini, futhi izinga lokuhluleka kokuvikela ukuphepha kufanele libe ngaphansi kwezigidi eziyi-100.

Ngoba, izinga lokuhluleka kwebhodi lesifunda ngokuvamile liphakeme kakhulu kunezigidi eziyikhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlelo lwebhethri luklanywa, kufanele kube nemigqa yokuphepha emibili. Ukwakheka kwephutha elivamile ukushaja ibhethri ngqo ngeshaja (I-adaptha).

Lokhu kuzokhokhisa ngokweqile ukuvikela kwesivikelo, kuphathe ngokuphelele ipuleti lokuvikela ephaketheni lebhethri. Nakuba izinga lokuhluleka kwesivikeli lingekho phezulu, ngisho noma izinga lephutha liphansi, umhlaba wonke kuseyingozi yokuqhuma emhlabeni. Uma isistimu yebhethri inganikeza ukuvikeleka okubili kokuphepha, i-overcurrent, i-overcurrent inikezwa, futhi izinga lokuhluleka kwesivikelo ngasinye, uma siyingxenye yeshumi, ukuvikela okubili kunganciphisa izinga lokuhluleka libe izigidi ezingu-100.

Uhlelo olujwayelekile lokushaja ibhethri lumi kanje, okuhlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili zeshaja kanye nephakethe lebhethri. Ishaja iphinde ibe nezingxenye ezimbili: i-adaptha nesilawuli sokushaja. I-adaptha iguqula amandla e-AC ukuthi aqondise amandla amanje, futhi isilawuli sokushaja sikhawulela umkhawulo wevolthi ephezulu yamanje kanye nephezulu ye-DC.

Iphakethe lebhethri liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili zepuleti lokuvikela kanye nengqikithi yebhethri, kanye ne-PTC yokukhawulela umkhawulo wamanje. Iseli yebhethri isetshenziswa njengesibonelo. Isistimu yokuvikela i-overchard isethwe ku-4.

2V usebenzisa i-voltage ephumayo yeshaja ukuze kuzuzwe ukuzivikela kokuqala, ukuze ibhethri lingagingqiki ngisho noma ibhodi elivikelayo kwiphakethe lebhethri Ingozi. Isivikelo sesibili umsebenzi wokuvikela okungaphezulu ebhodini lokuvikela, ngokuvamile elibekwe ku-4.3V.

Ngale ndlela, ibhodi lokuvikela ngokuvamile akudingekile ukuba libe nesibopho sokusika ukushaja kwamanje, kuphela lapho i-voltage yeshaja iphezulu kakhulu,. Ukuvikelwa kwe-Overcurrent kunesibopho ibhodi lokuvikela kanye nefilimu yamanje yokukhawulela, okubuye kube ukuvikela okubili, ukuvimbela i-overcurrent ne-short circuit yangaphandle. Njengoba ukukhishwa ngokweqile kuzokwenzeka kuphela ohlelweni lokusetshenziswa kwe-electronics.

Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile iklanyelwe ibhodi lezintambo lomkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi ukuze linikeze kuqala ekuvikelweni, futhi ipuleti lokuvikela ephaketheni lebhethri linikeza isivikelo sesibili. Uma umkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi uthola ukuthi amandla kagesi angaphansi kuka-3.0V, kufanele uvalwe ngokuzenzekelayo.

Uma lesi sici singaklanyelwe, ibhodi elivikelayo lizovala iluphu yokukhipha lapho i-voltage iphansi ukuya ku-2.4V. Ngamafuphi, uma isistimu yebhethri iklanywa, ukuvikela okubili kwe-elekthronikhi kufanele kunikezwe ekushajeni ngokweqile, ngaphezulu, kanye nakweqile.

Phakathi kwabo, ibhodi elivikelayo liyisivikelo sesibili. Khipha isivikeli, uma ibhethri izoqhuma, mele ukwakheka okubi. Nakuba indlela engenhla inikeza ukuvikeleka okubili, njengoba umthengi evame ukuthenga ishaja okungeyona eyangempela ukuze ayikhokhise, futhi imboni yeshaja, ngokusekelwe ekucabangeleni izindleko, ngokuvamile ithatha isilawuli sokushaja ukuze sinciphise izindleko.

Ngenxa yalokho, kunamashaja amaningi aphansi emakethe. Lokhu kwenza ukuvikela icala eligcwele ulahlekelwe indlela yokuqala futhi umugqa wokuvikela obaluleke kakhulu. Futhi ukushaja okungaphezulu kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu lapho ukuqhuma kwebhethri kubangelwa khona.

Ngakho-ke, ishaja engaphansi ingabizwa ngokuthi ukuqhuma kokuqhuma kwebhethri. Yebo, akuwona wonke amasistimu ebhethri asebenzisa izindlela ezichazwe ngenhla. Kwezinye izimo, kuzophinde kube nedizayini yesilawuli sokushaja ephaketheni lebhethri.

Isibonelo: izinti zebhethri eziningi zamabhukwana amaningi, kukhona isilawuli sokushaja. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izincwadi zokubhalela ngokuvamile zenza izilawuli zokushaja kukhompuyutha, zinikeza abathengi kuphela i-adaptha. Ngakho-ke, iphakethe lebhethri elengeziwe lekhompuyutha yamanothibhuku kufanele libe nesilawuli sokushaja ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iphakethe lebhethri langaphandle liphephile uma ushaja i-adaptha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhiqizo ushajwa kusetshenziswa isilayidi sikagwayi semoto, futhi isilawuli sokushaja kwesinye isikhathi senziwa ngaphakathi kwephakethe lebhethri. Umugqa wokugcina wokuzivikela, uma izinyathelo zokuvikela ze-elekthronikhi zehlulekile, umugqa wokugcina wokuzivikela, uzohlinzekwa yibhethri. Izinga lokuphepha lebhethri lingancika ekutheni ibhethri ingakwazi yini ukudlula i-short circuit yangaphandle kanye nokushajwa ngokweqile.

Ngoba ukuqhuma kwebhethri, uma kukhona i-athomu ye-lithium ngaphakathi, amandla okuqhuma azoba mkhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvikela ukushajwa ngokweqile kuvame ukuba nomugqa wokuvikela kuphela ngenxa yabathengi, ngakho-ke ikhono lebhethri lokungakhokhisi ngokweqile kunomjikelezo omfushane ophikisana nangaphandle kubaluleke kakhulu.