Ibhethri ye-lithium-ion yasebusika izoba yimbi, kungani ibhethri ye-lithium ion "iyesaba" izinga lokushisa eliphansi?

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Selokhu angena emakethe, amabhethri e-lithium-ion athole izinhlobonhlobo zezicelo nezinzuzo zawo zokuphila isikhathi eside, umthamo othize omkhulu, akukho mphumela wenkumbulo. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi lebhethri ye-lithium-ion liphansi, ukuncishiswa okukhulu, ukusebenza kabi kokukhulisa umjikelezo, into esobala ye-lithium, ukungalingani kwe-lithium e-deinterlaxing, njll. Kodwa-ke, ngokunwetshwa okuqhubekayo kohlelo lokusebenza, ukuvinjelwa kokusebenza okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion kubonakala kakhulu.

Ngokwemibiko, umthamo wokukhipha ibhethri le-lithium-ion cishe u-31.5% kuphela ekamelweni lokushisa ku -20 ° C. Izinga lokushisa elivamile lebhethri le-lithium-ion phakathi kuka -20 - + 55 ° C.

Kodwa emikhakheni ye-aerospace, izimoto zikagesi, njll., ibhethri lingasebenza kahle -40 ° C. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zokushisa eziphansi zamabhethri e-lithium ion.

Izinto eziphoqe ibhethri le-lithium-ion ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi ● Ezimweni zokushisa eziphansi, i-viscosity ye-electrolyte iyanda, ngisho nokuqina kancane, okuholela ekuziphatheni okuphansi kagesi kwebhethri le-lithium ion. ● Ukuhambisana phakathi kwe-electrolyte kanye ne-electrode eyinegethivu kanye ne-diaphragm konakala ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi. ● I-electrode eyinegethivu yebhethri ye-lithium-ion ngaphansi kwezimo zezinga lokushisa eliphansi iwa kakhulu, futhi i-lithium yensimbi enciphile isabela ne-electrolyte, futhi ukubekwa komkhiqizo kuphumela ekukhuleni kokuqina kwe-electrolyte yesimo esiqinile (SEI).

● Ibhethri ye-lithium ion ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi liyehla, futhi i-charge transfer impedance (RCT) inyuke kakhulu. Ingxoxo ngezici zokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi ezithinta amabhethri e-lithium ion ● Umbono 1 wochwepheshe: Isixazululo se-Electrolyne sinomthelela obalulekile ekusebenzeni kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi lamabhethri e-lithium ion, ukwakheka nezici zokwenziwa kwezinto ze-electrolyte kunomthelela obalulekile ekusebenzeni kwebhethri okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa. Inkinga ekushiseni okuphansi kwebhethri iwukuthi: i-viscosity ye-electrolyte izoba nkulu, ijubane le-ion conduction lihamba kancane, okuholela esivinini sokufuduka kwe-electron yesifunda sangaphandle, ngakho ibhethri ihlukaniswe kakhulu, futhi umthamo wokushaja nokukhishwa unokwehla okubukhali.

Ikakhulukazi lapho ukushaja okunezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ama-ion e-lithium angakha kalula ama-lithium delegranes endaweni ye-electrode engeyinhle, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwebhethri. Ukusebenza okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa kwe-electrolyte kuhlobene eduze nosayizi we-electrolyte conductivity ngokwayo, i-ion yokudlulisela ye-conductivity kagesi iyashesha, futhi umthamo owengeziwe ungenziwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Uma usawoti we-lithium owengeziwe ku-electrolyte, inani lokufuduka liyanda, likhuphuka izinga lokuhamba.

I-conductivity ephezulu kagesi, ukushesha kwe-ion conductivity, i-polarization encane, ukusebenza okungcono kwebhethri ekushiseni okuphansi. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhutshwa okuphezulu kuyisimo esidingekayo sokufeza ukusebenza kahle kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi lamabhethri e-lithium ion. I-conductivity kagesi ye-electrolyte ihlobene nokubunjwa kwe-electrolyte, futhi i-viscosity ye-solvent iwukuthuthukisa indlela ye-electrolyte conductivity kagesi.

I-fluidity ye-solvent inhle ekushiseni okuphansi kwe-solvent yisiqinisekiso sokuthutha kwe-ion, futhi i-membrane ye-electrolyte eqinile eyakhiwe yi-electrolyte emazingeni okushisa aphansi e-electrolyte nawo ayisihluthulelo se-lithium ion conduction, futhi i-RSEI iwukuvinjelwa okuyinhloko kwebhethri ye-lithium ion endaweni yokushisa ephansi. ● Umbono 2 wochwepheshe: Ibhethri ye-lithium-ion elinganiselwe ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi ukukhuphuka okubukhali kwe-LI + impedance yokusabalalisa ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, kodwa hhayi ifilimu ye-SEI. Izici zokushisa eziphansi zento ephozithivu ye-electrode yebhethri ye-lithium ion ● 1, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lesakhiwo sesici sesendlalelo sesakhiwo esinezingqimba ze-electrode eqondile sinokubili kweshaneli yokusabalalisa i-ion ye-lithium enohlangothi olulodwa, futhi sinokuzinza kwesakhiwo sesiteshi esinezinhlangothi ezintathu, okuwukuhweba kwasekuqaleni.

I-lithium ion battery positive material. Izinto zayo ezimele zihlanganisa i-LiCoO2, i-Li (CO1-XNIX) i-O2 ne-Li (Ni, Co, Mn) O2, njll. U-Xie Xiaohua, njll.

sebenzisa i-LiCoo2 / MCMB njengezinto zocwaningo, ihlola izici zayo zokushaja izinga lokushisa eliphansi. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi njengoba izinga lokushisa lincipha, iplathifomu yokukhipha yehla isuka ku-3.762V (0 ° C) iye ku-3.

207V (-30 ° C); umthamo wayo ophelele webhethri nawo uncishisiwe usuka ku-78.98mA · h (0 ° C) uya ku-68.55mA · h (-30 ° C).

● I-2, isici sokushisa esiphansi sezinto ezinhle zesakhiwo somgogodla wesakhiwo se-spinel LiMn2O4 impahla enhle, ngoba asikho isici se-Co, kunezindleko eziphansi, izinzuzo ezingenabuthi. Kodwa-ke, igiya le-Mn valence kanye nomthelela we-JaHN-Teller we-Mn3 +, okuholela ezinkingeni ezifana nomehluko ongazinzile nohlehliswayo wesakhiwo. Peng Zhengshun, okubonisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-electrochemical of the LiMn2O4 positive electrode materials kukhulu, futhi i-RCT isetshenziswa njengesibonelo: i-RCT ye-LIMN2O4 ehlanganiswe izinga lokushisa eliphezulu isigaba esiqinile iphakeme kakhulu kunendlela ye-sol gel, futhi lesi simo siku-lithium ion Ifakwe kuma-coefficients okusabalalisa.

Isizathu ngokuyinhloko singenxa yezindlela ezahlukene zokwenziwa zecrystallinity kanye ne-morphology yomkhiqizo. ● 3, izici zokushisa eziphansi zohlelo lwe-phosphate positive electrode impahla I-LIFEPO4 iwumzimba oyinhloko wezinto ezisebenzayo zebhethri zamandla amanje ngenxa yokuqina kwevolumu nokuphepha okuhle kakhulu, ne-ternary material. Ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi kwe-iron phosphate ikakhulukazi ngoba impahla ngokwayo iyisivikeli, i-electron conductivity iphansi, i-lithium ion diffusion impofu, ukuze ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri kukhuphuke, i-polarization iphezulu, ukushaja kwebhethri nokukhipha kuvinjiwe, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa eliphansi Ukusebenza akulungile.

I-Valley Yidi, njll., lapho ifunda indlela yokushaja nokukhishwa kwe-LifePO4 emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ukusebenza kahle kwe-Kulen kungu-64% ku-96% no-20 ° C ku-55 ° C kuya ku-0 ° C, kanti amandla okukhipha amandla asuka ku-55 ° C 3.11V.

2.62V yokulethwa ku- -20 ° C. I-XING et al, ukutholakala, ngemva kokwengezwa kwama-nanocarbon conductive agents, izakhiwo ze-electrochemical ze-LiFePO4 zehla, futhi ukusebenza okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa kuyathuthukiswa; i-voltage yokukhipha ye-LiFePO4 ngemuva kokuguqulwa 3.

I-40 V yehle yaya ku-3.09V ku-25 ° C, ukwehla kwaba ngu-9.12% kuphela; futhi ukusebenza kahle kwebhethri layo bekungama-57.

3%, ngaphezu kuka-53.4% ​​we-ejenti kagesi engeyona i-nanocarbon ku -25 ° C. Muva nje, i-LIMNPO4 ihehe izintshisekelo zabantu.

Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi i-LIMNPO4 inamandla aphezulu (4.1V), akukho ukungcola, inani eliphansi, umthamo othize omkhulu (170mAh / g), njll. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa ye-ion conductivity ephansi ye-LIMNPO4 kune-LiFePO4, ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukufaka esikhundleni sika-Mn ukwenza i-LiMn0.

8Fe0.2PO4 isixazululo esiqinile ekusebenziseni kwangempela kwengxenye ye-FE. Izici zokushisa eziphansi zezinto ze-electrode ezingezinhle zebhethri le-lithium-ion zibucayi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nempahla ye-electrode eqondile, futhi ukuwohloka kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kwebhethri ye-lithium ion kubi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi izizathu ezintathu: ● Izinga eliphansi lokushisa eliphansi lokushaja nokukhipha, ukuhlukaniswa kwebhethri kubi kakhulu, insimbi engaphezulu engemihle I-Lithium ifakwa kakhulu, futhi umkhiqizo wokusabela we-lithium yensimbi ngokuvamile ayinawo ugesi we-lithium; Ethintwa izinga lokushisa eliphansi;.

Ucwaningo lwezixazululo ze-electrolytic lokushisa eliphansi lwenza umphumela wokudlulisa i-Li + kubhethri ye-lithium ion, kanye nokusebenza kwayo kwe-ionic nokusebenza kokwakheka kwefilimu ye-SEI kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni okuphansi kwebhethri. Kunqunywa ukuthi isixazululo se-electrolytic lokushisa eliphansi sikhethekile kakhulu, kunezinkomba ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-ionic conductivity, amafasitela e-electrochemical, kanye nokusebenza kabusha kwe-electrode. Izinga lalezi zinkomba ezintathu lincike kakhulu ezintweni zalo zokuhlanganisa: i-solvent, i-electrolyte (usawoti we-lithium), okungeziwe.

Ngakho-ke, ukucwaninga kokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kwengxenye ngayinye ye-electrolyte, kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni nasekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kwebhethri. ● Izici zokushisa eziphansi ze-electrolyte ezisekelwe ku-EC uma kuqhathaniswa ne-chain carbonate, isakhiwo se-cyclic carbonate siseduze, siqinile, sinephuzu eliphezulu lokuncibilika kanye ne-viscosity. Kodwa-ke, i-polarity enkulu yesakhiwo se-annular yenza ngokuvamile ibe ne-dielectric constant constant.

I-solvent ye-EC ine-dielectric engaguquki, i-ion conductivity ephezulu, ukusebenza kahle kokwakheka kwefilimu, ivimbela ngempumelelo i-molecule ye-solvent ukuthi ifakwe ndawonye, ​​ukuze ibe yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu, ukuze izinhlelo eziningi zokuxazulula izinga lokushisa eliphansi le-electrolytic zibe zinkulu, bese zixutshwa Iphuzu eliphansi lokuncibilika le-molecule encane. ● Usawoti we-lithium uyinhlanganisela ebalulekile ye-electrolyte. Usawoti we-lithium awukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa i-ionic conductivity yesisombululo, kodwa futhi unciphise ibanga lokusabalalisa lika-Li + esixazululweni.

Ngokuvamile, ukugxila kwe-Li + kukhudlwana kusixazululo, kukhulu ukuqhutshwa kwe-ion. Kodwa-ke, ukugxilwa kwe-lithium ion concentration ku-electrolyte akuhlobene ngokuqondile, kodwa kuwumugqa we-parabolic. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ukuhlushwa kwe-lithium ion ku-solvent kuncike ekuhlukaniseni usawoti we-lithium ku-solvent namandla enhlangano.

Ucwaningo lwe-electrolyte yezinga lokushisa eliphansi ngaphandle kokuthi ibhethri lizihlanganisele ngokwalo, nezici zenqubo ekusebenzeni kwangempela nazo zizoba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwebhethri. ● (1) Inqubo yokulungiselela i-YAQUB et al, umthelela womthwalo we-electrode nokujiya kokunamathela ku-LINI0.6CO 0.

2 mn0.2O2 / ibhethri ye-graphite ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kwembula ukuthi umncane umthamo we-electrode mncane, ungqimba oluncane olunoqweqwe oluncane luba luncane Ukuba ngcono ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi. ● (2) Isimo sokushaja nokukhipha i-Petzl et al, umthelela wesimo sokushaja okunethempelesha eliphansi empilweni yomjikelezo webhethri utholwe ukuthi lapho ukujula kokukhipha kungabangela ukulahlekelwa umthamo omkhulu, futhi kunciphise ukuphila kokujikeleza kwegazi.

(3) Indawo engaphezulu, imbobo, ukuminyana kwe-electrode, ukumanzisa kwe-electrode kanye nesisombululo se-electrolytic, nokunye okunjalo, okuthinta ukusebenza okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa kwebhethri ye-lithium ion. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthelela wokukhubazeka kwezinto kanye nezinqubo ekusebenzeni okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa kwebhethri akukwazi ukushaywa indiva. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion, kuyadingeka ukwenza lokhu okulandelayo: ● (1) ukwakha ifilimu ye-SEI encane neminyene; ● (2) iqinisekisa ukuthi i-Li + ine-coefficient enkulu yokusabalalisa into esebenzayo; ● (3) ) I-electrolyte ine-ion conductivity ephezulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lungathatha enye indlela, futhi iso liphendukela kolunye uhlobo lwebhethri ye-lithium-ion - ibhethri eligcwele eliqinile le-lithium ion. Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lithium-ion avamile, wonke amabhethri e-lithium ion wesimo esiqinile, ikakhulukazi amabhethri e-lithium ion efilimu aqinile, kulindeleke ukuthi axazulule ngokuphelele inkinga yokunciphisa umthamo kanye nezindaba zokuphepha komjikelezo osetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa aphansi ebhethri. Ngakho uphatha kanjani amabhethri e-lithium ebusika? 1.

Ungasebenzisi izinga lokushisa kwebhethri ye-lithium endaweni ephansi yokushisa ukuze uthole umphumela webhethri ye-lithium, ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kwebhethri ye-lithium, ukwehla komsebenzi webhethri ye-lithium, okuholela ngokuqondile ekunciphiseni okukhulu kokukhokhiswa nokukhipha ukusebenza kahle, okuvame ukuthi, umsebenzi wamabhethri e-lithium Izinga lokushisa liphakathi kuka -20 degrees -60 degrees. Lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kuka-0 ° C, qaphela ukuthi ungakhokhisi ngaphandle, ungayishaja, singathatha ibhethri ekamelweni (inothi, hlala kude nokuvutha !!!), Lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphansi -20 At ° C, ibhethri izongena ngokuzenzakalelayo esimweni sokulala futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke umsebenzisi wasenyakatho ubanda kakhulu.

Asikho isimo sokushaja sasendlini. Ukuze usebenzise ngokugcwele lonke ibhethri, shaja ilanga ngokushesha ngemva kokupaka, ukuze ukhuphule ukushaja, futhi ugweme i-lithium. 2, thuthukisa ubusika obuhambisana nalokhu, lapho ibhethri liphansi kakhulu, kufanele senze ukushaja okufika ngesikhathi, sihlakulele umkhuba omuhle wokuphelezela, khumbula, ungalokothi ulandele ibhethri elivamile ukuze sibuyele emandleni ebhethri asebusika.

Umsebenzi webhethri ye-lithium yasebusika uyehla, kulula kakhulu ukubangela ukushajwa, kuthinta kancane impilo yebhethri, futhi kubangele ingozi yokusha. Ngakho-ke, qaphela kakhulu ukushaja ngendlela engashoni kakhulu ebusika. Ikakhulukazi kudingeka ukhonjwe, musa ukupaka imoto isikhathi eside, gwema phezu ukushajwa.

3, ungahlali kude khumbula ukuthi ungakhokhisi isikhathi eside, ungenzi kube lula, beka imoto isikhathi eside esimweni sokushaja, futhi ungakwazi. Lapho indawo yokushaja ebusika ingaphansi kuka-0 ° C, lapho ushaja, ungashiyi kude kakhulu, ukuvimbela izimo eziphuthumayo, ukuphatha okufika ngesikhathi. 4.

Uma ushaja, sebenzisa imakethe yeshaja ekhethekile yebhethri ye-lithium egcwele ishaja esezingeni eliphansi, usebenzisa amashaja aphansi, kungabangela ukulimala kwebhethri, futhi kubangele nomlilo. Ungathengi imikhiqizo enenani eliphansi engaqinisekisiwe, ungawasebenzisi amashaja ebhethri aneasidi yomthofu; uma ishaja yakho ingakwazi ukuyisebenzisa, yeka ukuyisebenzisa, ungalahlekelwa. 5, naka impilo yebhethri, ushintsho olufika ngesikhathi empilweni yebhethri ye-lithium entsha, izinhlobo ezahlukene zempilo yebhethri, kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa yansuku zonke, impilo yebhethri ayilingani, uma imoto inikwe amandla noma ingapheli Ifushane, sicela uxhumane nabasebenzi bokugcinwa kwebhethri ye-lithium ukuphatha umuntu olungisa ibhethri ye-lithium ngesikhathi esifushane, sicela uxhumane nabasebenzi bokugcinwa kwebhethri ye-lithium.

6, kukhona ugesi omuhle ebusika, ukuze usebenzise imoto phakathi nentwasahlobo, uma ungenayo ibhethri isikhathi eside, uzokhumbula ukushaja ibhethri engu-50% - 80%, futhi uyisuse emotweni, futhi wenze ukushaja okuvamile, cishe inyanga eyodwa Ukushaja. Qaphela: Ibhethri ligcinwe endaweni eyomile. 7.

Beka ibhethri ngendlela efanele Ungacwilisi ibhethri emanzini, noma wenze ibhethri libe nomswakama; ungapakishi izitezi ezingaphezu kwezingu-7, noma uguqule indlela yebhethri, i-lithium.