Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion yasebusika iya kuba yinto engathandekiyo, kutheni ibhetri ye-lithium ion "uloyiko" lobushushu obuphantsi?

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Ukususela ekungeneni kwimarike, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zifumene uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kunye neenzuzo zayo zobomi obude, umthamo omkhulu, akukho mphumo yememori. Ubushushu obuphantsi bebhetri ye-lithium-ion buphantsi, ukuthotywa okukhulu, ukungasebenzi kakuhle komjikelo wokukhulisa umjikelezo, into ecacileyo ye-lithium, ukungalingani kwe-lithium deinterlaxing, njl. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nokwandiswa okuqhubekayo kwesicelo, ukuthintela ukusebenza kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion kubonakala ngakumbi.

Ngokweengxelo, amandla okukhutshwa kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion kuphela malunga ne-31.5% kwiqondo lokushisa kwi--20 ° C. Iqondo lobushushu elisebenzayo lebhetri ye-lithium-ion phakathi kwe -20 - + 55 ° C.

Kodwa kwimimandla ye-aerospace, izithuthi zombane, njl., ibhetri inokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwi-40 ° C. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphucula iimpawu zokushisa eziphantsi kweebhetri ze-lithium ion.

Izinto ezithintele ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ukusebenza kobushushu obuphantsi ● Kwiindawo eziphantsi kobushushu obuphantsi, i-viscosity ye-electrolyte iyenyuka, nokuba yomelele ngokuyinxenye, okukhokelela kumbane ophantsi webhetri ye-lithium ion. ● Ukuhambelana phakathi kwe-electrolyte kunye ne-electrode engalunganga kunye ne-diaphragm iyancipha phantsi kwemeko yokushisa ephantsi. ● I-electrode engalunganga yebhetri ye-lithium-ion phantsi kweendawo eziphantsi zokushisa ziphantsi kakhulu, kwaye i-lithium yensimbi encibilikisiweyo iphendulwa kunye ne-electrolyte, kwaye ukukhutshwa kwemveliso kubangela ukuba i-solid state electrolyte interface (SEI) inyuke ubukhulu.

● Ibhetri ye-lithium ion phantsi kwemekobume yobushushu obuphantsi iyathotywa, kwaye i-impedance transfer transfer (RCT) yanda kakhulu. Ingxoxo malunga neemeko zokusebenza kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi elichaphazela iibhetri ze-lithium ion ● Umbono weNgcali 1: Isisombululo se-Electrolyne sinempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni okuphantsi kweqondo lokushisa kweebhetri ze-lithium ion, ukubunjwa kunye nezinto eziphathekayo ze-electrolyte zinempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwibhetri ephantsi kweqondo lokushisa. Ingxaki kwibhetri iqondo lobushushu eliphantsi kukuba: i-viscosity ye-electrolyte iya kuba nkulu, isantya sokuqhuba i-ion sicotha, okukhokelela kwisantya sokufuduka kwe-electron yesekethe yangaphandle, ngoko ke ibhetri i-polarized kakhulu, kwaye umthamo kunye nokukhupha umthamo unokuncipha okubukhali.

Ngokukodwa xa ukutshaja okuphantsi kobushushu, i-lithium ion inokwenza lula i-lithium delegranes kumphezulu we-electrode engalunganga, okukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwebhetri. Ukusebenza kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kwe-electrolyte kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo nobukhulu be-electrolyte conductivity ngokwayo, i-ion yokuhambisa i-conductivity yombane iyakhawuleza, kwaye umthamo ongaphezulu unokuqhutyelwa kumaqondo aphantsi. I-lithium ityuwa eninzi kwi-electrolyte, ngakumbi inani lokufuduka, iphezulu i-conductivity.

I-conductivity ephezulu yombane, ngokukhawuleza i-ion conductivity, i-polarization encinci, ingcono ukusebenza kwebhetri kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi. Ke ngoko, ukuhanjiswa okuphezulu yimeko eyimfuneko yokufezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu obuphantsi beebhetri ze-lithium ion. I-conductivity yombane ye-electrolyte ihambelana nokubunjwa kwe-electrolyte, kunye ne-viscosity ye-solvent kukuphucula indlela yombane we-electrolyte conductivity.

I-fluidity ye-solvent ilungile kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi le-solvent isiqinisekiso sothutho lwe-ion, kwaye i-membrane ye-electrolyte eqinile eyenziwa yi-electrolyte kwi-electrolyte ephantsi yobushushu nayo iyisitshixo kwi-lithium ion conduction, kwaye i-RSEI yiyona nto ithintela ibhetri ye-lithium ion kwindawo yokushisa ephantsi. ● Uluvo lweengcali 2: I-lithium-ion encinci yebhetri ye-lithium-ion ukusebenza kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kukunyuka okubukhali kwi-LI + i-impedance yokusabalalisa phantsi kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, kodwa kungekhona ifilimu ye-SEI. Iimpawu zobushushu obuphantsi bezinto ezintle ze-electrode ze-lithium ion ibhetri ● 1, iqondo eliphantsi lobushushu obuphantsi kwesakhiwo somaleko wesakhiwo esinemaleko esilungileyo se-electrode ine-channel ye-lithium ion yokusasazwa kwe-ion-dimensional, kwaye inozinzo lwesakhiwo somjelo we-dimensional-dimensional, eyona yorhwebo yokuqala yorhwebo.

Isixhobo sebhetri ye-lithium ion. Izinto zayo ezimele ziquka i-LiCoO2, i-Li (CO1-XNIX) i-O2 kunye ne-Li (Ni, i-Co, i-Mn) i-O2, njl. Xie Xiaohua, njl.

sebenzisa i-LiCoo2 / MCMB njengezinto zophando, ukuvavanya iimpawu zayo zexabiso eliphantsi lobushushu. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba njengoko izinga lokushisa liyancipha, iqonga lokukhutshwa lihla ukusuka kwi-3.762V (0 ° C) ukuya kwi-3.

207V (-30 ° C); umthamo wayo webhetri iyonke ukwancitshiswa ukusuka 78.98mA · h (0 ° C) ukuya 68.55mA · h (-30 ° C).

● I-2, impawu yeqondo lokushisa eliphantsi lezinto ezintle zesakhiwo se-spinel isakhiwo se-spinel LiMn2O4 izinto ezintle, kuba akukho nto ye-Co, kukho indleko ephantsi, inzuzo engeyona inetyhefu. Nangona kunjalo, i-Mn valence gear kunye ne-JaHN-Teller effect ye-Mn3 +, ekhokelela kwiingxaki ezifana nolwakhiwo olungazinzanga kunye nokwahlukana okubuyela umva. U-Peng Zhengshun, ebonisa ukuba ukusebenza kwe-electrochemical ye-LiMn2O4 yezinto ezilungileyo ze-electrode inkulu, kwaye i-RCT isetyenziswe njengomzekelo: i-RCT ye-LIMN2O4 eyenziwe yinqanaba eliphezulu lokushisa eliqinileyo liphezulu kakhulu kunendlela ye-sol gel, kwaye le nto ikwi-lithium ion Ifakwe kwi-coefficients yokusabalalisa.

Isizathu ikakhulu ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa kwecrystallinity kunye ne-morphology yemveliso. ● 3, iimpawu zobushushu obuphantsi benkqubo ye-phosphate imathiriyeli ye-electrode i-LIFEPO4 ngumzimba oyintloko webhetri yamandla yangoku yezinto eziphathekayo ngenxa yozinzo oluhle kakhulu kunye nokhuseleko, kunye ne-ternary material. Ukumelana nobushushu obuphantsi be-iron phosphate ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokuba izinto ngokwazo ziyi-insulator, i-electron conductivity iphantsi, i-lithium ion diffusion ihlwempuzekile, ukwenzela ukuba ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kunyuke, i-polarization iphezulu, intlawulo yebhetri kunye nokukhutshwa kuvaliwe, ngoko ukushisa okuphantsi komgangatho wokuSebenza akufanelekile.

I-Valley Yidi, njl., xa ufunda ukuhlawuliswa kunye nokuziphatha kokukhutshwa kwe-LifePO4 kumaqondo aphantsi, ukusebenza kwe-Kulen yi-64% kwi-96% kunye ne-20 ° C kwi-55 ° C ukuya ku-0 ° C, kwaye i-voltage yokukhupha isuka kwi-55 ° C 3.11V.

I-2.62V yokuhanjiswa ukuya kwi -20 ° C. I-XING et al, ukufumanisa, emva kokongezwa kwe-nanocarbon agents conductive, iimpawu ze-electrochemical ze-LiFePO4 zehla, kwaye ukusebenza kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kuphuculwe; Umbane wokukhupha we-LiFePO4 emva kokuguqulwa kwe-3.

I-40 V yawela kwi-3.09V kwi-25 ° C, ukuhla kwaba yi-9.12% kuphela; kwaye ukusebenza kwebhetri yayo yayingama-57.

I-3%, ngaphezulu kwe-53.4% ​​ye-arhente yombane engeyiyo-nanocarbon kwi -25 ° C. Kutshanje, i-LIMNPO4 itsale umdla wabantu abanomdla.

Uphononongo lufumene ukuba i-LIMNPO4 inamandla aphezulu (4.1V), akukho ngcoliseko, ixabiso eliphantsi, umthamo omkhulu (170mAh / g), njl. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa ye-ion conductivity ephantsi ye-LIMNPO4 kune-LiFePO4, ihlala isetyenziselwa ukutshintsha uMn ukwenza i-LiMn0.

I-8Fe0.2PO4 isisombululo esiqinileyo ekusetyenzisweni kwangempela kwesahlulo se-FE. Iimpawu zobushushu obuphantsi bezinto ezingalunganga ze-electrode yebhetri ye-lithium-ion zinobuzaza ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nezinto ezilungileyo ze-electrode, kwaye ukuwohloka kobushushu obuphantsi bebhetri ye-lithium ion kubi kakhulu, ikakhulu izizathu ezithathu: ● Ubushushu obuphantsi bentlawulo yokunyuswa okuphezulu kunye nokuphuma, i-polarization yebhetri ibukhali, intsimbi yomphezulu engalunganga I-Lithium ifakwe ubukhulu becala, kwaye imveliso yokuphendula ye-lithium yesinyithi ayinayo umbane ngokubanzi; Ichatshazelwa bubushushu obuphantsi;.

Uphononongo lwezisombululo zobushushu obuphantsi be-electrolytic zenza umphumo wokudlulisa i-Li + kwibhetri ye-lithium ion, kunye ne-ionic conductivity kunye nokusebenza kwefilimu ye-SEI kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwebhetri ephantsi kweqondo lokushisa. Kufunyaniswe ukuba isisombululo se-electrolytic sobushushu obuphantsi sibaluleke kakhulu, kukho izikhombisi ezintathu eziphambili: i-ionic conductivity, iifestile ze-electrochemical, kunye ne-electrode reactivity. Inqanaba lezi zikhombisi zintathu zixhomekeke kakhulu kwizinto zayo zokubumba: i-solvent, i-electrolyte (i-lithium ityuwa), i-additive.

Ke ngoko, uphononongo lokusebenza kobushushu obuphantsi benxalenye nganye ye-electrolyte, lubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni nasekuphuculeni ukusebenza kobushushu obuphantsi bebhetri. ● Iimpawu ze-electrolyte ezisezantsi ze-EC-based xa kuthelekiswa ne-chain carbonate, isakhiwo se-cyclic carbonate sisondele, sinamandla, sinendawo ephezulu yokunyibilika kunye ne-viscosity. Nangona kunjalo, i-polarity enkulu yesakhiwo se-annular yenza ukuba ihlale ine-dielectric constant.

I-solvent ye-EC ine-dielectric enkulu engaguqukiyo, i-ion conductivity ephezulu, ukusebenza kwefilimu egqibeleleyo, ithintela ngokufanelekileyo i-molecule ye-solvent ukuba ifakwe kunye, ukuze ibe yindawo eyimfuneko, ukwenzela ukuba iinkqubo zesisombululo se-electrolytic ezisezantsi zinkulu, kwaye emva koko zixutywe Indawo ephantsi yokunyibilika ye-molecule encinci ye-solvent. ● Ityuwa yelithium yinto ebalulekileyo ye-electrolyte. Ityuwa ye-lithium ayikwazi nje ukuphucula i-ionic conductivity yesisombululo, kodwa iphinde inciphise umgama wokusabalalisa kwe-Li + kwisisombululo.

Ngokubanzi, i-Li + enkulu yoxinaniso kwisisombululo, inkulu i-ion conductivity. Nangona kunjalo, i-concentration ye-lithium ion concentration kwi-electrolyte ayihambelani ngokuchanekileyo, kodwa i-parabolic line. Oku kungenxa yokuba, ukuxinwa kwe-lithium ion kwi-solvent kuxhomekeke kwi-dissociation yetyuwa ye-lithium kwi-solvent kunye namandla ombutho.

Uphononongo lobushushu obuphantsi be-electrolyte ngaphandle kokuba ibhetri iqulunqwe ngokwalo, kunye nezinto zenkqubo kumsebenzi wokwenene nazo ziya kuba nempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwebhetri. ● (1) Inkqubo yokuLungisa i-YAQUB et al, impembelelo yomthwalo we-electrode kunye nobukhulu bokutya kwi-LINI0.6CO 0.

I-2 mn0.2O2 / ibhetri yegraphite iqondo eliphantsi lobushushu libonise ukuba umncinci umthwalo we-electrode umncinci, umaleko omncinci wokugquma ubhityile Okungcono ukusebenza kobushushu obuphantsi. ● (2) Intlawulo kunye nesimo sokukhupha i-Petzl et al, impembelelo yesimo esisezantsi sokushisa-ukukhutshwa kwentlawulo kubomi bomjikelezo webhetri ufumene ukuba xa ubunzulu bokukhutshwa bungabangela ukulahlekelwa kwamandla amakhulu, kunye nokunciphisa ubomi bokujikeleza.

(3) Indawo engaphezulu, i-aperture, i-electrode density, ukumanzi kwe-electrode kunye nesisombululo se-electrolytic, kunye nokunye okunjalo, okuchaphazela ukusebenza kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kwebhetri ye-lithium ion. Ukongezelela, impembelelo yeziphene zezixhobo kunye neenkqubo ekusebenzeni kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kwebhetri ayikwazi ukuhoywa. Ngoko ke, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion, kuyimfuneko ukwenza oku kulandelayo: ● (1) ukwenza ifilimu ye-SEI encinci kunye ne-dense; ● (2) iqinisekisa ukuba i-Li + ine-coefficient enkulu yokusabalalisa kwizinto ezisebenzayo; ● (3) ) I-electrolyte ine-ion conductivity ephezulu kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi.

Ukongeza, isifundo sinokuthatha enye indlela, kwaye iliso liguqulelwe kolunye uhlobo lwebhetri ye-lithium-ion - ibhetri ye-lithium ion epheleleyo. Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lithium-ion eziqhelekileyo, zonke iibhetri ze-lithium ion zelizwe, ngokukodwa iibhetri ze-lithium ion zefilimu eziqinileyo, kulindeleke ukuba zisombulule ngokupheleleyo ingxaki yokunciphisa umthamo kunye nemiba yokhuseleko lomjikelo esetyenziswa kwibhetri ephantsi. Ngoko uphatha njani iibhetri ze-lithium ebusika? 1.

Musa ukusebenzisa ubushushu bebhetri ye-lithium kwindawo ephantsi yobushushu kwisiphumo sebhetri ye-lithium, ukuthoba ubushushu bebhetri ye-lithium, umsebenzi ophantsi webhetri ye-lithium, okhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwentlawulo kunye nokukhutshwa kakuhle, okuqhelekileyo, umsebenzi weebhetri ze-lithium Ubushushu buphakathi kwe-20 degrees -60 degrees. Xa iqondo lokushisa lingaphantsi kwe-0 ° C, qaphela ukuba ungahlawulisi ngaphandle, ungayihlawula, sinokuthatha ibhetri kwigumbi (inqaku, hlala kude nokutsha !!!), Xa iqondo lokushisa lingaphantsi kwe-20 ° C, ibhetri iya kungena ngokuzenzekelayo kwimeko yokulala kwaye ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Ke umsebenzisi wasentla ubanda kakhulu.

Akukho meko yokutshaja ngaphakathi. Ukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo ibhetri eseleyo, ngokukhawuleza uhlawule ilanga emva kokupaka, ukwandisa ukutshaja, kwaye ugweme i-lithium. 2, phuhlisa ubusika obuhamba nabo, xa ibhetri iphantsi kakhulu, kufuneka sitshaje ngexesha elifanelekileyo, siphuhlise umkhwa olungileyo wokuhamba, khumbula, ungaze ulandele ibhetri yesiqhelo ukubuyela kumandla ebhetri yasebusika.

Umsebenzi webhetri ye-lithium yasebusika uyehla, kulula kakhulu ukubangela ukutshaja, kuchaphazela kancinci ubomi bebhetri, kwaye kubangele ingozi yokutsha. Ngoko ke, qwalasela ngakumbi ukutshaja ngendlela engekho nzulu-nzulu ebusika. Ingakumbi kufuneka icaciswe, musa ukupaka isithuthi ixesha elide, ugweme ngaphezulu kwentlawulo.

3, musa ukuhlala kude khumbula ukuba ungahlawulisi ixesha elide, musa ukwenza kube lula, ubeke isithuthi ixesha elide kwimeko yokuhlawula, kwaye unako. Xa indawo yokutshaja ebusika ingaphantsi kwe-0 ° C, xa uhlawula, ungashiyi kude, ukukhusela iimeko eziphuthumayo, ukuphatha ngexesha elifanelekileyo. 4.

Xa utshaja, sebenzisa imarike yetshaja ekhethekileyo ye-lithium ibhetri egcwele itshaja ephantsi, usebenzisa iitshaja ezingaphantsi, inokubangela umonakalo webhetri, kwaye ibangele nomlilo. Musa ukuthenga iimveliso ezingabizi ngexabiso eliphantsi, musa ukusebenzisa iitshaja zebhetri ezineasidi; ukuba itshaja yakho ayikwazi ukuyisebenzisa, yeka ukuyisebenzisa, ungalahleki. 5, nikela ingqalelo kubomi bebhetri, utshintsho olufike ngexesha kwibhetri entsha ye-lithium, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobomi bebhetri, kunye nendlela yokusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke, ubomi bebhetri abulingani, ukuba imoto inikwe amandla okanye ingenasiphelo Mfutshane, nceda uqhagamshelane nabasebenzi bokugcinwa kwebhetri ye-lithium ukuphatha umntu wokulungisa ibhetri ye-lithium ngexesha elifutshane, nceda uqhagamshelane nabasebenzi bokugcinwa kwebhetri ye-lithium.

I-6, kukho umbane olungileyo ebusika, ukwenzela ukuba usebenzise isithuthi phakathi kwentwasahlobo, ukuba ungenayo ibhetri ixesha elide, uya kukhumbula ukuhlawula i-50% - i-80% yebhetri, kwaye uyisuse kwimoto, kwaye wenze ukutshaja rhoqo, malunga nenyanga enye Ukuhlawula. Qaphela: Ibhetri igcinwe kwindawo eyomileyo. 7.

Beka ibhetri ngokuchanekileyo Musa ukuntywilisela ibhetri emanzini, okanye wenze ibhetri ifume; musa ukupakisha ngaphezu kwemigangatho ye-7, okanye uguqule indlela yebhetri, i-lithium.