Amaphaneli elanga ahlala ophahleni angahlala isikhathi esingakanani? Lezi zizathu ngezinjongo eziwujuqu

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Izici ezihlukahlukene zithinta impilo yokukhiqiza yephaneli yelanga yokuhlala. Engxenyeni yokuqala yalolu chungechunge, sizokwethula iphaneli yelanga ngokwayo. Amaphaneli ahlala elanga ahlala ethengiswa ngemali mboleko yesikhathi eside noma ngokuqashisa, kodwa amaphaneli awo angasebenzisa isikhathi esingakanani? Ukuphila kwephaneli kuncike ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa isimo sezulu, izinhlobo zamamojula, namasistimu eshalofu asetshenzisiwe, nokunye okucatshangelwayo.

Nakuba iphaneli ngokwayo ingenayo "idethi yokuphela" ethile, ukulahlekelwa kokukhiqiza kuvame ukuphoqelela okokusebenza ukuthi kulahlwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lapho unquma ukuthi ingabe iphaneli yakho izosebenza iminyaka engama-20 kuye kwengama-30 ngokuzayo, izinga lokuphumayo lokuqapha liyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza isinqumo esihlakaniphile. Inkinga yokuwohloka Ngokolwazi oluvela ku-National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukulahlekelwa kokuphumayo kubizwa ngokuthi ukucekelwa phansi, ngokuvamile ukwehla okungaba ngu-0.

5% ngonyaka. Abakhiqizi bavame ukukholelwa ukuthi iminyaka engama-25 kuye kwengama-30 iyiphuzu lesikhathi elenzeka ukuwohloka okwanele. Ngalesi sikhathi, kungase kucatshangelwe ukufaka esikhundleni sephaneli.

I-NREL ithe amazinga embonini yokukhiqiza kanye newaranti yiminyaka engama-25 yamamojula welanga. Uma kucatshangelwa u-0.5% wereferensi yezinga lokulibaziseka laminyaka yonke, iphaneli yeminyaka engu-20 ingakhiqiza u-90% womthamo wayo wokuqala.

Ikhwalithi yephaneli izoba nomthelela othile kuzinga lokuwohloka. Umbiko we-NREL, izinga lonyaka labakhiqizi abasezingeni eliphezulu njengePanasonic ne-LG cishe li-0.3%, kuyilapho amanye amabhrendi anezinga lokwehliswa kwentengo elifika ku-0.

80%. Eminyakeni engu-25 kamuva, lawa maphaneli ekhwalithi ephezulu asengakwazi ukukhiqiza u-93% wokukhiqiza kwawo kwasekuqaleni, kuyilapho amazinga aphezulu okuwohloka angakhiqiza ama-82.5%.

Abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa amaphaneli okwakha okulwa ne-PID engilazini yabo, emaphaketheni, nasezithiyo zokusabalalisa. Ingxenye enkulu yokonakaliswa ingenxa yento ebizwa ngokuthi i- potential induction degradation (PID), lena ezinye izinkinga okuhlangatshezwane nazo iphaneli. Lapho amandla kagesi ephaneli kanye nokufuduka kwe-ion phakathi kwempahla yesemiconductor nezinye izingxenye zemojula (njengengilazi, isisekelo noma ifreyimu), impahla ye-semiconductor isendleleni ye-ion phakathi kwempahla yesemiconductor nemojula.

Lokhu kuzobangela ukuthi amandla okukhipha amandla emojuli ehle, kwezinye izimo, azokwehla kakhulu. Wonke amaphaneli nawo angaphansi kwe-photorealized degradation (LID), lapho iphaneli izolahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle emahoreni ambalwa okuqala okuchayeka elangeni. Ilabhorethri yokuhlola ye-PVEVOLUTIONLABS i-PVEL imelwe ngokuya ngesisindo se-crystal silicon wafer iyahlukahluka kuye ngephaneli, kodwa ngokuvamile iphumela ekulahlekelweni kokusebenza kahle kwesikhathi esisodwa, okungu-1% kuya ku-3%.

Izimo zezulu zivezwa ezimweni zezulu ezimweni zezulu, izici eziyinhloko zokushayela ukuwohloka kwamaphaneli. Ukushisa kuyisici esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwephaneli yesikhathi sangempela kanye nokwehliswa kwesimo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokusho kwe-NREL, ukushisa kwemvelo kuzoba nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni nokusebenza kahle kwezingxenye zikagesi.

I-SolarCalculator.com, ibonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lephaneli lingatholwa ngokuhlola ishidi ledatha lomkhiqizi, elizofakazela ikhono lephaneli emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ukushintshashintsha kokushisa nakho kukhuthaza ukuwohloka ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi umjikelezo wokushisa.

Lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu, ukwanda kwezinto ezibonakalayo, izinga lokushisa liyehla, ukuncipha kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le midlalo izoholela kancane kancane ekwakhiweni kwama-microcracks kuphaneli, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise okukhiphayo. Le coefficient ichaza ukuthi kungakanani ukusebenza kahle okulahlekile ilitha ngalinye ekushiseni okujwayelekile okungu-25 degrees Celsius.

Isibonelo, izinga lokushisa elingu--0.353% lisho ukuthi umthamo usuwonke uzolahlekelwa ngu-0.353% lilinye ngaphezu kuka-25 degrees Celsius.

Ocwaningweni lwayo lwaminyaka yonke lwekhadi lomphumela wemojula, i-PVEL yahlaziya amaphrojekthi welanga asebenzayo angama-36 eNdiya futhi yathola umthelela omkhulu wokuwohloka kokushisa. Isilinganiso saminyaka yonke sokuwohloka kwesilinganiso saminyaka yonke salezi zinhlelo singu-1.47%, kodwa izinga lokuwohloka kwezindawo ezihlala ezintabeni ezibandayo lisondele kuhhafu, 0.

7%. Umoya ungesinye isimo sezulu esingase sibangele umonakalo kuma-solar panel. Umoya onamandla ungabangela iphaneli ukuthi igobe, ebizwa ngokuthi i-dynamic mechanical load.

Lokhu kuzophinda kubangele ama-microcracks kuphaneli ukunciphisa okukhiphayo. Ezinye izixazululo zamashalofu zenzelwe izifunda ezinomoya onamandla, ukuvikela amaphaneli emandleni okuphakamisa anamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukuqhekeka okuncane. Ngokuvamile, ishidi ledatha lomkhiqizi lizohlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nomoya omkhulu ongamelana nephaneli.

Kufakwe kahle ukusiza ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlobene nokushisa. Iphaneli kufanele ifakwe ngamasentimitha ambalwa ngaphezu kophahla ukuze ukugeleza kwezimbali kugeleze futhi kupholise imishini engezansi. Izinto zombala okhanyayo zingasetshenziselwa izakhiwo zamaphaneli ukunciphisa ukumuncwa kokushisa.

Futhi ukusebenza kwama-inverters azwela ukushisa kanye nemihlangano kufanele kubekwe endaweni enomthunzi, ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza be-CED. Iqhwa libuye lifane, ngesikhathi sesiphepho esikhulu, lingakwazi ukumboza iphaneli, umkhawulo wokukhipha. Iqhwa lizophinda libangele imithwalo yemishini eguqukayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukusebenza kwephaneli.

Ngokuvamile, iqhwa lizoshelela phansi lisuka kuphaneli ngoba libushelelezi kakhulu futhi lifudumele kakhulu, kodwa kwezinye izimo, umninikhaya angase anqume ukusula iqhwa kuphaneli. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ngoba indawo yengilazi yephaneli yokukhuhla izoba nomthelela omubi ekuphumeni. Ukuwohloka kuyinto evamile, ingxenye engagwemeki yempilo yephaneli.

Ukufakwa okulungile, iqhwa elicophelelayo kanye nokuhlanza iphaneli ngokucophelela kusiza ekukhipheni, kodwa ekugcineni, iphaneli yelanga iwubuchwepheshe obungenazo izingxenye ezihambayo, cishe akukho ukulungiswa. Thuthukisa amazinga ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi iphaneli enikeziwe ingaba nempilo ende yesevisi futhi isebenze ngokohlelo, kufanele iqinisekiswe ngokuhlolwa okujwayelekile. Iphaneli ingaphansi kokuhlolwa kwe-ITS (IEC), elungele ikristalu eyodwa kanye namaphaneli e-polycrystalline.

I-EnergySage ikhonjisiwe ukuthi iphaneli ehlangabezana nezinga le-IEC61215 ihlolwe ngogesi, njengamanje okumanzi kanye nokumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation. Bamukele ukuhlolwa komthwalo wemishini womoya neqhwa, kanye nokuhlolwa kwesimo sezulu ukuze bahlole izindawo ezishisayo, ukuchayeka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet, ukubanda komswakamo, imfiva emanzi, ukushaqeka kwesichotho nobunye ubuthakathaka obuvezwa ngaphandle. Ukucaciswa kwephaneli nakho kuvamile ku-US Insurance Laboratory (UL) seal, ehlinzeka namazinga nokuhlolwa.

I-UL yenza ukuhlolwa kovuthondaba kanye nokuguga, kanye nohlu olugcwele lokuhlola kokuphepha. I-IEC61215 iphinde inqume izinkomba zokusebenza kwezimo zokuhlola ezijwayelekile, okubandakanya i-coefficient yezinga lokushisa, i-voltage yesekethe evulekile, nokukhishwa kwamandla aphezulu. Izinga lokuhluleka kwamaphaneli elanga liphansi kakhulu.

I-NREL yenze ucwaningo lwamasistimu angaphezu kuka-50,000 futhi umhlaba wonke wafaka amasistimu angu-4,500 afakwe e-United States ngo-2000 kuya ku-2015. Lolu cwaningo luthole ukuthi amazinga okuhluleka kwamaphaneli angu-5 kumaphaneli angu-10,000 ngonyaka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iphutha lephaneli lithuthukiswa kakhulu ngoba izinga lokuhluleka kwesistimu efakwe phakathi kuka-1980 no-2000 liphindwe kabili kuneleqembu ngemuva kuka-2000.

Ukuvalwa kwesistimu akuvamile ngenxa yokwehluleka kwephaneli. Eqinisweni, ucwaningo lwe-Kwhanalytics lwathola ukuthi i-80% yesikhathi sokuphumula sesitshalo samandla elanga kungenxa yokuhluleka kwe-inverter, i-inverter iguqula i-DC yamanje yebhodi yebhethri kumandla atholakalayo we-AC. I-Photovoltaic izohlaziya ukusebenza kwe-inverter kulolu chungechunge lwesigaba esilandelayo.

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