Zinexesha elingakanani iiphaneli zelanga ezihlala eluphahleni? Ezi zizathu ngeenjongo eziqinisekileyo

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Muuzaji wa Kituo cha Umeme kinachobebeka

Izinto ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela ubomi bokuvelisa ipaneli yelanga yokuhlala. Kwinxalenye yokuqala yolu chungechunge, siya kuzisa iphaneli yelanga ngokwayo. Iiphaneli zelanga zokuhlala zihlala zithengiswa ngeemali-mboleko zexesha elide okanye zokuqeshisa, kodwa zingasebenzisa ixesha elingakanani iiphaneli zabo? Ubomi bephaneli buxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya imozulu, iintlobo zemodyuli, kunye neenkqubo zeshelufu ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nezinye izinto eziqwalaselwayo.

Nangona iphaneli ngokwayo ingenawo "umhla wokugqibela", ilahleko yemveliso idla ngokunyanzela izixhobo ukuba zilahlwe ngokuhamba kwexesha. Xa uthatha isigqibo malunga nokwenza iphaneli yakho iqhube iminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30 kwixesha elizayo, inqanaba lesiphumo sokubekwa esweni yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza isigqibo esilumkileyo. Ingxaki ye-Degenerative Ngokwedatha evela kwi-National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukulahlekelwa kwemveliso kubhekiselwa kuyo njengokuthotywa, ngokuqhelekileyo ukuncipha malunga ne-0.

5% ngonyaka. Abavelisi bahlala bekholelwa ukuba iminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-30 lixesha eyenzeka ukuthotywa ngokwaneleyo. Ngeli xesha, kunokuqwalaselwa ukutshintsha indawo yolawulo.

I-NREL yathi imigangatho yokuvelisa kunye newaranti yiminyaka engama-25 yeemodyuli zelanga. Ukuqwalasela i-0.5% yereferensi yereferensi yonyaka, iphaneli yeminyaka engama-20 inokuvelisa i-90% yomthamo wayo wokuqala.

Umgangatho wephaneli uya kuba nefuthe elithile kwireyithi yokuthotywa. Ingxelo ye-NREL, izinga lonyaka labavelisi abaphezulu abanjengoPanasonic kunye ne-LG malunga ne-0.3%, ngelixa ezinye iimpawu zinezinga lokunciphisa ixabiso ukuya kwi-0.

80%. Kwiminyaka engama-25 kamva, ezi ziphaneli ezikumgangatho ophezulu zisenokuvelisa i-93% yemveliso yazo yangaphambili, ngelixa izinga eliphezulu lokuthotywa kwexabiso linokuvelisa i-82.5%.

Abanye abavelisi basebenzisa iipaneli zokwakha izinto ezichasene ne-PID kwiglasi yabo, ukupakishwa, kunye nezithintelo zokusasaza. Inxalenye enkulu yokuthotywa kungenxa yesenzeko esibizwa ngokuba yi-PID enokubakho, ezi zezinye iingxaki ekuhlangabezene nazo iqela lolawulo. Xa amandla ombane wepaneli kunye nokufuduka kwe-ion phakathi kwezinto ze-semiconductor kunye nezinye izinto zemodyuli (ezifana neglasi, isiseko okanye isakhelo), izinto ze-semiconductor zisekufudukeni kwe-ion phakathi kwezinto ze-semiconductor kunye nemodyuli.

Oku kuya kubangela amandla emveliso yemodyuli ukuba yehle, kwezinye iimeko, iya kuhla kakhulu. Zonke iiphaneli zikwaxhomekeke kwi-photorealized degradation (LID), apho iphaneli iya kulahlekelwa ukusebenza kakuhle kwiiyure ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuvela elangeni. I-PVEVOLUTIONLABS ilabhoratri yovavanyo ye-PVEL imelwe ngokobunzima be-crystal silicon wafer iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwipaneli, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo iphumela kwixesha elinye, i-1% ukuya kwi-3% yokulahlekelwa kokusebenza kakuhle.

Iimeko zemozulu zibonakaliswe kwiimeko zemozulu kwiimeko zemozulu, ezona zinto ziphambili zokuqhuba ukuthotywa kweepaneli. Ubushushu yinto ephambili ekusebenzeni kwephaneli yexesha langempela kunye nokuthotywa kwexesha. Ngokutsho kwe-NREL, ukushisa kwendalo kuya kuba nefuthe elibi ekusebenzeni kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamacandelo ombane.

I-SolarCalculator.com, ibonisa ukuba i-coefficient yokushisa yepaneli inokufumaneka ngokujonga iphepha ledatha lomenzi, eliya kubonisa amandla epaneli kumaqondo aphezulu aphezulu. Ukutshintshana kobushushu kukwakhuthaza ukuthotywa kwenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba ngumjikelo we-thermal.

Xa iqondo lokushisa liphezulu, ukwandiswa kwezinto eziphathekayo, ubushushu buyancipha, i-shrinkage yezinto. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, le midlalo iya kukhokelela ngokuthe chu ekuyilweni kwe-microcracks kwiphaneli, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa imveliso. Lo mlinganiso uchaza ukuba kungakanani ukusebenza kakuhle okulahlekileyo kwilitha nganye kubushushu obuqhelekileyo obungama-25 degrees Celsius.

Ngokomzekelo, i-coefficient yokushisa ye-0.353% ithetha ukuba umthamo opheleleyo uya kulahlekelwa yi-0.353% nganye ngaphezu kwe-25 degrees Celsius.

Kuphononongo lwayo lwemodyuli yamanqaku ekhadi lonyaka, i-PVEL yahlalutya iiprojekthi zelanga ezisebenzayo ezingama-36 eIndiya kwaye yafumana impembelelo enkulu yokuthotywa kobushushu. Umyinge wonyaka wokuthotywa kwezi projekthi yi-1.47%, kodwa isantya sokuwohloka kwendawo ebandayo yeentaba sisondele kwisiqingatha, i-0.

7%. Umoya yenye imeko yemozulu enokubangela ingozi kwiipaneli zelanga. Umoya onamandla unokubangela ukuba ipaneli igobe, ebizwa ngokuba ngumthwalo oguqukayo womatshini.

Oku kuya kubangela i-microcracks kwiphaneli ukunciphisa imveliso. Ezinye izisombululo zeshelufu zilungiselelwe imimandla yomoya onamandla, iiphaneli ezikhuselayo kumandla okuphakamisa amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukuqhekeka kancinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-data sheet yomenzi iya kunika ulwazi malunga nomoya omkhulu onokumelana nepaneli.

Ifakwe ngokuchanekileyo ukunceda ukusombulula imiba enxulumene nobushushu. Iphaneli kufuneka ifakwe kwiisentimitha ezimbalwa ngaphezu kophahla ukuze ukuhamba kweentyatyambo kuhambe kwaye kupholise izixhobo ezingezantsi. Izinto zombala okhanyayo zingasetyenziselwa izakhiwo zephaneli ukunciphisa ukufunxa ubushushu.

Kwaye ukusebenza kwee-inverters ze-thermal-sensitive kunye neendibano kufuneka zibekwe kwindawo enomthunzi, i-CED iteknoloji eluhlaza. Iqhwa likwafana, ngexesha lesiphango esikhulu, sinokugubungela ipaneli, ukukhutshwa komda. Ikhephu liya kubangela imithwalo eguqukayo yomatshini ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwepaneli.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ikhephu liya kutyibilika phantsi kwipaneli kuba ligudileyo kwaye lishushu kakhulu, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, umninikhaya unokugqiba ukucima ikhephu kwipaneli. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngokucophelela ngenxa yokuba iglasi yeglasi yepaneli yokukrala iya kuba nefuthe elibi kwimveliso. Ukuthotywa yinto eqhelekileyo, engenakuphepheka kubomi bephaneli.

Ufakelo oluchanekileyo, ikhephu elicokisekileyo kunye nokucoca ngokucokisekileyo kwepaneli kunceda ekuphumeni, kodwa ekugqibeleni, iphaneli yelanga iteknoloji ngaphandle kweengxenye ezihambayo, phantse akukho kugcinwa. Ukuphuhlisa imigangatho yokuqinisekisa ukuba iphaneli enikeziweyo ingaba nobomi benkonzo obude kwaye iqhutywe ngokwesicwangciso, kufuneka iqinisekiswe ngovavanyo oluqhelekileyo. Iphaneli ixhomekeke kuvavanyo lwe-ITS (IEC), olufanelekileyo kwi-crystal eyodwa kunye neepaneli ze-polycrystalline.

I-EnergySage ibonisiwe ukuba iphaneli edibana nomgangatho we-IEC61215 ivavanyiwe ngombane, njengangoku omanzi kunye nokumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation. Balwamkele uvavanyo lomthwalo womatshini womoya nekhephu, kunye novavanyo lwemozulu ukuze bajonge iindawo ezishushu, ukuvezwa kweultraviolet, ukukhenkceza ukufuma, umkhuhlane omanzi, ukothuka kwesichotho kunye nobunye ubuthathaka obuvezwayo bangaphandle. Ukucaciswa kwephaneli kukwaxhaphakile kwi-US Insurance Laboratory (UL) seal, ekwabonelela ngemigangatho kunye neemvavanyo.

I-UL iqhuba uvuthondaba kunye novavanyo lokuguga, kunye noluhlu olupheleleyo lovavanyo lokhuseleko. I-IEC61215 ikwamisela izalathisi zokusebenza zeemeko zovavanyo olusemgangathweni, kubandakanya umlinganiso wobushushu, ivolthi yesekethe evulekileyo, kunye nemveliso yamandla aphezulu. Izinga lokungaphumeleli kweepaneli zelanga liphantsi kakhulu.

I-NREL yenze uphando kwiinkqubo ezingaphezu kwe-50,000 kunye nehlabathi jikelele ezifakwe kwiinkqubo ze-4,500 ezifakwe e-United States kwi-2000 ukuya kwi-2015. Olu pho nonongo lufumene ukuba iipaneli ze-5 zokungaphumeleli kwiiphaneli ze-10,000 ngonyaka. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iphutha lephaneli liphuculwe kakhulu kuba izinga lokungaphumeleli kwenkqubo efakwe phakathi kwe-1980 kunye ne-2000 liphindwe kabini lelo qela emva kwe-2000.

Ukuvalwa kwendlela kunqabile ngenxa yokusilela kwendawo yolawulo. Enyanisweni, uphando lwe-Kwhanalytics lufumene ukuba i-80% ye-solar plant plant downtime ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwe-inverter, i-inverter iguqula i-DC yangoku yebhodi yebhetri kumandla akhoyo e-AC. I-Photovoltaic iya kuhlalutya ukusebenza kwe-inverter kolu luhlu lwesigaba esilandelayo.

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