Ukuthetha malunga nobunzima obuthathu bebhetri ye-lithium yokuphinda isetyenziswe: iintsuku ezilungileyo

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uthungelwano lwelizwe lam lokugcina amandla: phantsi kwesikhokelo kunye nokukhuthazwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yelizwe, imveliso kunye nokukhuselwa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha ziyaqhubeka nokunyuka. Njengoko, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion yamandla iya kufikelela kwincopho encinci ye-scrapped ngo-2020. Ngokwedatha yeZiko loPhando lweTekhnoloji yelizwe lam, inani lamandla ebhetri ye-lithium-ion eliguquguqukayo liya kufikelela kwiitoni ezingama-320,000 ngo-2020.

Ingabonwa ukuba indlela yokulahla iiseli ezichithiweyo ibe yingxaki engalindelekanga, kunokuthiwa ingxamiseke kakhulu. Kwi-3 yelizwe lam I-Lithium Industry International Summit Forum, uNjingalwazi, iYunivesithi yaseCentral South, ishwankathele imfuneko emithathu ye-lithium-ion ye-betri recycling eguqukayo: Okokuqala, wonke umntu uqondwa kakhulu, kukho uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwangoku, Kukho umngcipheko wokutshisa ukuqhuma. Okwesibini, iingxaki zokungcola Nangona i-lithium ion ibhetri ye-lithium ion ingcolisekile ngeebhetri ze-lead-acid, kukho i-phosphorus, i-cobalt, i-nickel, njl.

, ekunokuthiwa ungcoliseko lunzima ngakumbi kuneebhetri ze-asidi yelothe. Kulabo babandakanyeka kwi-metallurgy, inkqubo yokubuyisela iibhetri ze-lead-acid ingaba lula, kodwa ibhetri ye-lithium-ion inzima kakhulu. Amanzi amdaka elizwe, izalathi zerhasi ephumayo, i-cobalt yentsimbi enzima kunye nemigangatho yelizwe yenikeli yi-0.

5 mg / ilitha. Okwesithathu, ingxaki yezibonelelo Enyanisweni, izixhobo ze-cobalt zelizwe lethu zinqongophele kakhulu, i-95% yokuxhomekeka kwe-cobalt kwilizwe kufuneka ixatyiswe kakhulu. Kufuneka kuthiwe i-70% yeoli ixhala kakhulu, i-95% kufuneka ibe novalo ngakumbi? Oku kufana nale nto, kwaye i-lithium ingaphezulu kwe-cobalt, kodwa i-70% ye-lithium nayo iyingxenye enkulu.

Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-2016, kukho izithuthi zombane ezingaphezu kwe-500,000, kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe - ukusuka kwi-2020 ukuya malunga ne-10%, isixa simalunga namaxesha angama-4, ukuba i-dosage ingaphezu kwamaxesha ama-4, i-cobalt yethu, i-lithium Turn 4 amaxesha? I-Dynamic lithium-ion battery recycling ikhuselekile, ingcolisa, imiba yemithombo, kodwa ichaphazela uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha. Amazwe ehlabathi aqhuba ngenkuthalo uphando lovavanyo kunye nezicelo zobunjineli zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion ezinamandla, kubandakanya amazwe anjenge-US, iJamani kunye neJapan, kwaye anesicelo esithile esiyimpumelelo sobunjineli kunye neeprojekthi zorhwebo, eUnited States, eU.SA kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion eziguquguqukayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwangoku kweeprojekthi zemiboniso ehambelanayo kunye neeprojekthi zemisebenzi yoshishino.

Ngokomzekelo, ngo-2011, iGeneral Motors kunye ne-ABB baqala ukusebenzisana ngendlela yokusebenzisa ipakethi yebhetri ye-Chevrolet Volt Wollanda ukuqokelela iigridi zamandla empendulo yamandla ombane, kwaye ekugqibeleni bafezekise amandla asekhaya kunye nezorhwebo. Emva kokuzama ukudibanisa kwakhona ibhetri yeVolt Wolka esetyenziswa ngamaqela amahlanu kwisixhobo semodyuli, inkxaso ye-3-5 yase-US eqhelekileyo yosapho lweeyure ezimbini zombane. Kwixesha elizayo, izicelo ezifanayo ziya kukwazi ukubonelela ngombane oshiyekileyo kwezinye iintsapho kunye nezakhiwo ezincinci zorhwebo.

Kwangaxeshanye, kwixesha eliphezulu lokusebenza kwexesha lexabiso lombane, kunokwenzeka kwakhona ukwenza isithuba sokwenza umsantsa kumandla omoya, umbane wefoto okanye umbane ohlaziyiweyo. Ngaxeshanye, urhulumente wase-US ukwakhuthaza ukusekwa kothungelwano lokurisayikilisha iibhetri. Kuthatha imali eyongezelelweyo yokusingqongileyo, kwaye ihlawula imali ethile yokuphatha xa abathengi bethenga iibhetri, kwaye inkampani yokuvelisa ibhetri ixhase inxalenye yemali yokubuyisela ukubuyiswa kwebhetri.

IJamani okwangoku, iJamani iseke inkqubo yomthetho yokurisayikilisha. Ngokwamalungiselelo eMigaqo yeBattery Recycling eJamani: EJamani, ukuveliswa kwebhetri kunye nabarhwebi kufuneka babhalise kurhulumente, abathengisi kufuneka baququzelele indlela yokurisayikilisha, kwaye umsebenzisi unyanzelekile ukuba anikezele kwiziko elisetyenzisiweyo lokurisayikilisha. Le mveliso kunye nokuphunyezwa kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemveliso kunye nokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yokubuyisela ibhetri.

Ngelo xesha, i-Environment yaseJamani iye yaxhasa ngemali iiprojekthi ezimbini zokubonisa ibhetri ye-lithium-ion (iiprojekthi zeLibri kunye neeprojekthi zeLithorec), kwaye ziqhube ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yenkunkuma eguquguqukayo yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Kwangoko ngo-2010, iqela le-TUV Nadee lagunyaziswa yi-Germanyfederalinstitute, lithathe inxaxheba kwiprojekthi yophando yokusetyenziswa kweleli yebhetri yesithuthi sombane. Iprojekthi iceba ukuseka iprojekthi yokubonisa isicelo sokugcinwa kwamandla eBerlin, eJamani, kwaye ifumane inkxaso-mali yamandla aseJamani kunye namaziko ophando lwemozulu.

Ukongeza, iJamani iBosch Group ikwasebenzisa iBMW&39;s Active kunye ne-I3 esulungekileyo yemoto yombane echithwe ibhetri ukwakha i-2MW / 2MWH enkulu yokugcina amandla e-photovoltaic. Amazwe asebumelwaneni e-Japan nawo angcono kumazwe ane-recycling kwiibhetri zenkunkuma. Imithetho yophuhliso loqoqosho lwesetyhula yaseJapan ephilileyo kunye nenkqubo yemimiselo, ukusetyenzwa kwakhona kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion eziguqukayo zibonelela ngeenkcukacha ezilungileyo.

Ngaphambili, abavelisi bebhetri baseJapan baseke inkqubo yokuhlaziya ibhetri "yentengiso yemveliso yebhetri - unyango lokuvuselela ngokutsha". Ngokubhekiselele kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezinamandla, iimoto ze-Nissan ziye zaseka iinkampani ze-4Renergy kwi-"Hearing Wind" edweliswe phambi koluhlu lwe-Sumitomo Group, kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe izithuthi zombane zibandakanya izithuthi zombane. Okwangoku, ibhetri echithiweyo ye-Nissan Harmon Car eJapan nase-United States inokusebenza njengendawo yokuhlala kunye nezixhobo zokugcina amandla okuthengisa.

Xa kuthelekiswa ubume bokubuyiselwa kwebhetri kula mazwe angasentla, la mazwe anemithetho nemimiselo evakalayo ukongeza kumandla aphezulu e-lithium-ion teknoloji yokuhlaziya ibhetri. Okwangoku, ukuze ukhokele kwaye ukhuthaze amanyathelo ebhetri ye-lithium-ion, inqanaba lomgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe likhutshwa ngokuqhubekayo, kodwa ilizwe lam linemithetho kunye nemimiselo yobungcali, kwaye inkampani yokubuyisela ayinayo inkqubo yokulawula engqongqo. Ke ngoko, ilizwe lam kufuneka lifunde kumava anxulumene namazwe angaphandle ukuseka iseti epheleleyo yeenkqubo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe ibhetri ye-lithium-ion.