Izizathu zokunciphisa izithuthi zombane, kunye neempazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nohlalutyo lwendlela yeebhetri ze-lead-acid.

Umbhali :Iflowpower-UMboneleli weSikhululo saMandla esiphathwayo

Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ubomi buya kuncipha kunye, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuqala kunye namava amahle ngokuthe ngcembe kukude, kwaye xa behlangabezana nezi ngxaki, bahlala bengenakuzinceda. Abanini abaninzi baya kutyhala lonke uxanduva kwibhetri, ngoko yintoni inyaniso yokuba ubomi bemoto yombane buncinci? Iphi ingxaki? Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuqwalasela le miba ilandelayo: 1. Ingxaki yemoto, oku kuya kuqala kucinga ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kukhulu, njenge-motor dendromagnetization ukuqonda umhla wemveliso kunye nohlobo lwemoto yemoto yombane yemoto, ukuba i-motor ihambelana nesilawuli esingekho phezulu, ezi zimbini azikwazi ukusebenzisana ngokufanelekileyo, emva koko ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa kwamandla.

I-Motor demagnetization, i-motor engaphantsi, i-motor yokuhlaziya inokubangela ukuba isebenze. Ukuba izithuthi zombane zihlala zigqithiswa, zihamba ngokukhawuleza, umatshini wombane uya kukhubazeka okanye ukuguga njengoko ixesha lokusetyenziswa likhuphuka, elichaphazela ukuguqulwa kwamandla emoto, lichaphazela i-torque kunye neekhilomitha ezingapheliyo zemoto. Ukuziphatha kwangexesha, kuququzelela ubude bobomi.

Kucetyiswa ukuba umnini akathathi indawo yemoto, umlawuli, ungathengi izincedisi eziphantsi, kufuneka zithathe indawo yezixhobo zokuqala kwiivenkile zogcino lobuchwephesha. I-2, ingxaki yomlawuli, umlawuli ungomnye wamacandelo angundoqo, eyona nxalenye elawula ukujikeleza kwemoto. Isilawuli semoto yombane i-microelectronic partial damage inokuba yincinci, kubalulekile ukuba yonakaliswe ngakumbi ngamacandelo amandla aphezulu afana ne-tube yamandla, i-capacitance.

Ukuba ityhubhu yamandla yonakalisiwe, ngokuqhelekileyo yaziwa ngokuba ityhubhu eqhumayo, eya kubangela ukuba imoto yombane iqhube, kunye nokukhanya kombane wesixhobo kukhanya okanye kungabikho ukukhanya. Oomatshini bombane beemoto zombane banokuxhathisa, baphumeze ubunzima (unganyanzeli ukutyhala izithuthi zombane, baya kuqhayisa ngemoto). Umlawuli wonakele, kwaye kuya kubakho iisekethe ezimfutshane, i-inshurensi yemoto yombane itshiswe, okanye uhambo oluvulekileyo.

Isizathu somonakalo: ukulayisha ngaphezulu, ukunyuka kwexesha elide, uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo, lukhulu kakhulu, ukuchithwa kobushushu obuphezulu. Kwakhona kunokuba yimpazamo ye-wiring, kwaye icandelo lombane kukuguga kweqondo lokushisa eliphezulu (ingakumbi i-capacitor). I-3, ingxaki yoxinzelelo lwesondo, ngaphambi kokuhamba koxinzelelo, qaphela isondo langaphambili nasemva kwesondo ngaphambi nangemva kwesithuthi sombane, uxinzelelo lwesondo luxinzelelo lomoya ngaphakathi kwisondo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, amathayi aveliswa ngabavelisi abaqhelekileyo aphawulwe ngoluhlu olufanelekileyo loxinzelelo lwesondo. Kwizithuthi zombane ezinomgangatho ofanelekileyo, uxinzelelo lwetayara lugcinwa kwi-310,880 kPa. Kwimeko yokungonelanga koxinzelelo lwetayara, isithuthi sombane siya kuzisa ukuchasana okukhulu kwe-friction kwimoto yemoto yombane.

Kwakwindlela enye yokuqhuba, uxinzelelo lomoya luphantsi, amandla etayara makhulu, kwaye amandla angaphezulu asetyenziswa, ukubaleka, kwaye asaqhuba. I-4, iibhuleki azilula, kwaye iziphumo zinzima kakhulu kwisithuthi sombane, kwaye iibhuleki azikho ebumnyameni okanye iibhuleki ziphosakele. Iibhuleki zineziphene, eziya kwandisa umthwalo womsebenzi wemoto, okubangela ukukhutshwa ngoku okuqhubekayo kweebhetri zemoto yombane, kwaye i-mileage yokuvuselela ayinakuphepheka.

I-brake yeemoto zombane, nokuba yi-hubbench okanye i-disc brake, iya kudibana kakhulu okanye ikhululekile kakhulu, ibangela ukuba izithuthi zombane ziqhubele phambili ubunzima okanye iziqhoboshi. Iingxaki ezinjalo, ukuba unako ukulungelelanisa, awukwazi ukulungelelanisa, nceda ubuyisele iibhuleki ngokukhawuleza. I-5, iingxaki ezithwalayo azikwazi ukungayinaki amanzi, okanye ukugqoka ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide, okubangelwa ukuqiniswa kokumelana, ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunokubangela ukuba izithuthi zombane zibe buthathaka.

Ukuba uhlangabezana neemeko ezinjalo, kufuneka ubuyisele i-bearing, okanye wongeze i-lubricant, njl. njl. Ibhetri enye iya kuchaphazela umbane wesethi yonke yeebhetri, kukho ukungaphumeleli okanye umva kwiipakethi ezine zebhetri, eziya kuchaphazela isethi yonke yeebhetri.

Ibhetri ayigcinwanga ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ubomi obuncedo buya kubangela ukuthotywa kwebhetri, okuchaphazela ukusebenza. Ngokomzekelo, umthwalo uqhuba ngokunyanzeliswa, ukukhutshwa kwangoku kukhulu, akukho mda wokukhusela, vumela ibhetri ikhuphe ngokunyanzeliswa, okubangelwa amandla angaphakathi ebhetri ukulimaza ibhetri. 7.

Itshaja ibaluleke kakhulu kumbane wokuphuma kwetshaja, nto leyo eya kwenza ukuba ibhetri inganeliseki. Thatha ibhetri yemoto yombane ye-48V njengomzekelo, i-voltage epheleleyo ye-58.80.

2V. Ukuba i-voltage ephezulu yomthwalo wetshaja ingaphantsi kweli xabiso, itshaja ayikwazi ukwenza ibhetri yemoto yombane igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo. Ibhetri ayinelisekanga, ngokwemvelo ichaphazela ubomi bebhetri yezithuthi zombane.

I-8, ingxaki yomgca wengxaki yomgca yimpazamo ethambileyo, kwaye amacandelo awanangxaki, kodwa ukuchasana kwenzeka ngexesha loxhumo, kwaye ukuchasana kunoxinzelelo oluyinxenye, kwaye inkulu ngoku, i-voltage enkulu. Ibhetri entsha icinyiwe, le ngxaki ixhaphake kakhulu, kwaye ishumi elinesibhozo elinesithoba alikude. Inxalenye ye-resistor 1, isilawuli kunye nesixhumi sebhetri, kunye neplagi yemoto.

Isidibanisi esilungileyo sifakwe ngegolide, ngokubanzi lubhedu okanye ubhedu olufakwe kwintsimbi, umahluko yintsimbi. Ixesha liya ku-oxidize, ukuchasana noqhagamshelwano. Xa umsinga omkhulu ugqithiswa, uya kuwutshisa, uya kutshiswa xa unzima.

2, fuse. Ngaphandle koqhagamshelwano. Ikliphu ayiqinile, uxinzelelo aluyinyani.

I-3, iqhagamshelwe kwisitshixo sokutshixa umbane kwisekethe enkulu. I-4, indawo edibeneyo yokuthengisa ibhetri. I-5, intambo yebhetri ilungile kakhulu, okanye ayilulo ucingo lobhedu.

Umgca awulungile. 6, fumana umgca ongalunganga. Umzekelo, iphuli yomgca obomvu yomlawuli.

7, i-port ye-battery ye-port port okanye uqhagamshelwano olubi loqhagamshelwano. Ukuba inxalenye inzulu, kulula ukuyifumana, njengokutshisa umnyama. Kodwa ukuba unengxaki encinci, kunzima ngakumbi ukuyifumana.

Yonke into iyaxhathisa, kwaye andikwazi ukuyiqokelela. I-1 ohmic resistance 5 amps yangoku iya kubonisa ukuhla koxinzelelo lwe-5V. Ibhetri ye-36V kuphela yi-31V yombane eseleyo apho.

Oku kulandelayo yimpazamo eqhelekileyo kunye nohlalutyo lwendlela yeebhetri ze-lead-acid: 1. Ukungaphumeleli kwebhetri ye-lead-acid kunye ne-general mechanism 1, isiganeko sokusabela, ibhetri ye-reactionary yebhetri ye-lead-asidi itshintsha i-electrode efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative ye-electrode. ibhetri, kunye nesenzeko esiguquguqukayo sibonakaliswe Yomibini imiba, enye ingenxa yamaqela ebhetri yepolar kwindibano yendibano okanye iqela lepali yebhetri lilonke. Kule meko, isenzeko sexabiso le-voltage yokuphela lingaphantsi kwexabiso le-voltage yokuphela xa i-voltage yokuphela ilinganiswa xa i-voltage ye-terminal ilinganiswa, kwaye i-voltage yokugqibela incinci kune-phenomenon ye-voltage yokuphela.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibhetri isetyenziselwa ubuninzi bechungechunge ekukhutshweni kwamandla, ngenxa yomthamo ophantsi webhetri (okanye ibhetri ye-monomer) okanye ukulahlekelwa okupheleleyo komthamo. Ngexesha lokukhutshwa, le bhetri izaliswe ngokukhawuleza ngezinye iibhetri, okwenza i-electrode engafanelekanga yasekuqaleni ibe yi-electrode echanekileyo, i-electrode yokuqala e-positive iba yi-electrode engalunganga, kwaye i-voltage yokuphela ibi. Ngokuphathelele impazamo yangaphambili yomgunyathi, inokufumaneka xa ulinganisa i-terminal voltage (ibhetri eyenziwe ngeeseli ezininzi) inokufumaneka ukuba kukho ibhetri enye, kodwa kungekhona kuphela i-2V yombane webhetri, kodwa yongeza i-counter 2V. i-voltage, i-voltage yokugqibela ukunciphisa i-4V.

Ngokomzekelo, ibhetri ene-voltage elinganisiweyo yi-12V, njengomlinganiselo we-voltage yokuphela kwayo ijikeleze i-8V, ebonisa ukuba kukho ibhetri ye-monobi. Ukuba amandla ombane okuphela alinganisiweyo yi-4V, kukho i-monobi-pole ezimbini, ezifana nomlinganiselo wombane wesiphelo sayo malunga ne--4V, kukho i-monobi-12-channel emine, enjengokulinganisa isiphelo sombane wayo ukuya kwi-12V ebonisa ukuba 6 i-monographs ipali. Malunga nesiphoso somgunyathi wokugqibela, ixabiso layo le-voltage yokuphela (ixabiso elibi) lihluke kwimeko yokukhutshwa.

Ngokuqhelekileyo ekubhaqweni, ibhetri ithathwa kumgca wokukhupha ngexesha ukuphepha umonakalo kwibhetri. 2. Isiganeko esifutshane sesetyhula kunye nebangela ibhetri ye-lead-acid ekubhekiswa kuyo kwibhetri ye-lead-asidi ngaphakathi kunye namaqela e-pole negative.

Umfanekiso we-lead-acid yesekethe emfutshane yebhetri ibalulekile kule miba ilandelayo: (1) i-voltage yesiphaluka evulekileyo ephantsi, i-voltage yesiphaluka evaliweyo (i-discharge) ifikelela ngokukhawuleza kwi-voltage yokuphelisa. (2) Xa umsinga omkhulu ukhutshiwe, umbane wesiphelo wehla ngokukhawuleza ukuya ku-zero. (3) Xa uvula indlela, ingxinano yesisombululo se-electrolytic iphantsi kakhulu, kwaye i-electrolyte kwindawo yobushushu obuphantsi iya kuba ne-ice phenomenon.

(4) Xa utshaja, i-voltage iphakama ngokucothayo, isoloko igcina ixabiso eliphantsi (ngamanye amaxesha liyehla ukuya kwi-zero). (5) Xa utshaja, ubushushu be-electrolyte bunyuka ngokukhawuleza. (6) Xa utshaja, ukuxinana kwe-electrolyte kwandisa kancinci kakhulu okanye phantse akukho tshintsho.

(7) Xa itshaja, ayithathi amaqamza omoya okanye irhasi ifike kade kakhulu. Isizathu sesiphaluka esifutshane esibangelwa ibhetri yokugcina i-lead-asidi ibalulekile: (1) Umgangatho wokwahlula akulunganga okanye ayisiphene, ukuvumela ukuba izinto ezisebenzayo ze-polar zidlule, ezibangela ukuba i-positive, ipleyiti engalunganga yoqhagamshelwano lwenyani okanye uqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo. (2) Ibhloko yokwahlula idityaniswe kwiiplati ezintle nezimbi.

(3) I-substance esebenzayo iyandiswa ukusuka kwizinto ezisebenzayo ngenxa yokuchithwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwezinto ezisebenzayo, okubangela ukuba iipleyiti ezintle kunye nezibi ukuba zidibanise kwiidiphozithi kwi-edge ephantsi okanye emacaleni eeplate ze-electrode ezintle, ezimbi. (4) Izinto eziqhubayo ziwela kwibhetri, i-negative plate ixhunyiwe. (5) Umlambo okhokelayo owenziwe xa i-pole ye-welding ingaphelelwanga, okanye iimbotyi ezikhokelayo zikhona ngexesha leplate efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative, kwaye i-damper yonakaliswe ngexesha lokuhlawula kunye nenkqubo yokukhupha.

I-3, i-polar sulfated phenomenon kwaye ibangela i-polar plate sulfate kukuvelisa iikristale ezimhlophe ze-sulfate kwi-plate, kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuguqula ukukhokela kwizinto ezisebenzayo xa utshaja. Le nto ilandelayo ibalulekile emva kwesulfate yesulfate ye-lead-acid battery pole. (1) Ibhetri iphakame ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshaja, i-voltage yokuqala kunye neyokugqibela iphezulu kakhulu, i-voltage yokutshaja yokugqibela inokufikelela malunga ne-2.

I-90V / enye. (2) Ngethuba lenkqubo yokukhupha, i-voltage iyancipha, oko kukuthi, ukuwa kwangaphambi kwexesha kwi-voltage yokuphelisa, umthamo uyancipha kakhulu ngamanye amabhetri. (3) Xa utshaja, ubushushu be-electrolyte bunyuka ngokukhawuleza, kulula ukugqitha kuma-45 ° C.

(4) Xa utshaja, ubuninzi be-electrolyte bungaphantsi kwesiqhelo, kwaye amaqamza omoya aphambi kwexesha xa utshaja. (5) Xa ibhetri ikwindalo, umbala kunye nemeko yepleyiti inokufunyanwa ingaqhelekanga. Ipleyiti entle ye-electrode inombala omdaka okhanyayo (umdaka omnyama oqhelekileyo), umphezulu weplate ye-polar unendawo emhlophe yesulfate, i-negative plate irhabaxa, kwaye umphezulu urhabaxa, kwaye ukubamba kufana nokuziva kwesanti, kunye nepleyiti. inzima.

(6) Ityuwa enkulu ye-sulfuric acid, i-crystals ekhokelayo-emhlophe eyenziwe yiplate eyenziwe, kwaye ngokubanzi, into esebenzayo ayinakubuyiselwa. Ezi zizathu zilandelayo kutheni i-polar sulfate sulfate ibangelwa: (1) Ukutshaja okunganelanga kwebhetri okanye ixesha lokuphazamiseka kwentlawulo yokuqala lide. (2) Ibhetri iphantsi kokutshaja ixesha elide.

(3) Ukungaphumeleli ukuhlawula emva kokukhutshwa. (4) Ukukhutshwa okugqithisileyo okuthe gqolo okanye ukukhupha ubunzulu obuncinci bangoku. (5) Ukuxinana kwe-electrolyte kuphezulu kakhulu okanye kuphezulu kakhulu, kwaye i-lead yesulfate ayiyi kufunyanwa ngobunzulu.

(6) Ixesha lokubeka ibhetri ye-lead-asidi lide, ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide ngaphandle kokutshaja rhoqo. (7) Usetyenziso lwangaphakathi lwesekethe emfutshane yangaphakathi okanye amanzi omphezulu webhetri. (8) I-Electrolyte ayisulungekanga, ukuzikhupha.

(9) Isisombululo esisezantsi se-electrolytic kwibhetri, i-sulfate ecacileyo ecacileyo. Kwimeko yokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo, izinto ezisebenzayo (i-Pb02 kunye ne-Pb) kwiiplati ze-electrode ezintle kunye nezibi ziguqulwa zibe yi-sulfate encinci ye-grain-shaped, ehanjiswa ngokufanayo kwi-porosity. Kwimathiriyeli esebenzayo, kulula ukubiza xa utshaja kwaye unxibelelwano lwe-electrolyte lubuyiselwa kwinto eyiyo eyi-PBO2 kunye ne-PB.

Ukuba izinto ezisebenzayo kwi-plate ye-polar zenziwe ngokuthe ngcembe yizinto ezisebenzayo ze-crystalline particles, izinto ezisebenzayo ze-crystalline particles zikhulu, kwaye i-conductivity ihlwempuzekile, kwaye i-conductivity ihlwempuzekile, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ivimbele izinto ezisebenzayo ze-polar. Umngxuma ocolekileyo uthintela ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusabalalisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-electrolyte, kwaye ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kongezwa, kwaye xa utshaja, ukukhokela kweengcinga zesulfate akunakwenzeka ukuguqula iiseli zeenkozo zekristale ezithambileyo kwi-PBO2, kwaye PB. Ukuba lide kakhulu, iintambo zale sulfate zirhabaxa kwaye ziqinile ziya kuphulukana nokusebenzisa ukubuyisela umva.

Ngenxa yoko, into esebenzayo yeplate iyancitshiswa ngumthamo wokukhupha, kwaye ubomi benkonzo bufutshane. I-4, ukugoba kwe-polar kunye nokudilika kwepleyiti yokugoba ngakumbi kwenzeka kwipleyiti ye-electrode ekhangayo, kwaye ipleyiti ye-electrode engalunganga ayifane yenzeke, kwaye ukugoba kwepleyiti ye-electrode engalunganga kubangelwa ukugoba kwepleyiti emhlophe kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwepleyiti ye-electrode engalunganga. Ukuqhekeka kweplate ye-polar kwenzeka kwinkqubo yobomi benkonzo, ngenxa yokubola kwegridi, amandla amancinci, okubangela ukuphuka kweplate, ngokukodwa i-polar pole grid inzima kakhulu, okubangelwa isizathu esibalulekileyo se-polar. ukugoba: (1) I-polar esebenzayo i-substance ayilingani ngenxa yokwakheka okanye ukwabiwa kokwaleka, kwaye ke, ukusetyenziswa kwe-electrochemical ukusuka kwinxalenye nganye yentlawulo kunye nexesha lokukhutshwa kubuthathaka, okukhokelela ekwandiseni kunye nokucutheka komthamo wento esebenzayo kwisixhobo. ipleyiti.

Cause igophe, isilumkiso. (2) Ukutshaja okugqithisileyo okanye ukukhutshwa okugqithisileyo, ukwandiswa kunye nokuchithwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo zangaphakathi, inkqubo yokubuyisela ayihambelani, okubangelwa ukugoba kweplate. (3) Xa ukukhutshwa kwangoku okuphezulu okanye ukukhutshwa kobushushu obuphezulu, into esebenzayo ye-polar inamandla ngakumbi, kwaye kulula ukubangela ukuba i-chemical reaction ibe yinto efanayo kwaye ibangele ipleyiti egobileyo.

(4) Ibhetri iqulethe ukungcola, xa ukusetyenziswa kwendawo kubangelwa, inxalenye encinci kuphela yezinto ezisebenzayo ziba yi-sulfate, okubangelwa ukungahambisani kwezinto ezisebenzayo zeplate yonke, ebangela ukugoba. Inezi zizathu zilandelayo zokuqhekeka kwe-corrosion yepleyiti ye-electrode eqinisekileyo: (1) Kukho ingxaki ngenkqubo ye-alloy yeplate yokuvelisa iplate yesango, ebangela ipleyiti engonakali ngexesha lokuhlawuliswa kunye nokukhutshwa. (2) Xa utshaja, phantsi kwemeko ye-anode polarization, intlawulo eqhelekileyo eqhelekileyo sisizathu esibalulekileyo sokuphuka kwe-corrosion plate ye-electrode.

(3) Uxinaniso lwe-electrolyte luphezulu kakhulu, iqondo lobushushu liphezulu kakhulu, kwaye ipleyiti ene-oxidation corrosion iqinisiwe. 4 Ezi asidi eziyingozi kwipleyiti elungileyo, ityuwa inokuvela kwi-asidi ye-sulfuric, amanzi adibeneyo, okanye i-leached evela kwi-separator okanye amanye amacandelo, ngoko ke, kwintlawulo kunye nokukhupha umjikelo, ipleyiti okanye ucingo olulungileyo luhlala luhlala. idlile.

(5) Inkqubo yepleyiti ekhangayo i-corroded, oko kukuthi, inkqubo yefilimu ye-oxide eyenziwe, ngoko umgca womgca wegridi wongezwa, obangela ukuguqulwa okanye ukwandiswa kwegridi. Positive polar plate isango umhlwa kunye neempawu deformation: (1) Electrolyte turbid, ipleyiti polar ukubola. 2

(3) Ngenxa yokugqwala kwesango leplate elilungileyo, into esebenzayo yonakaliswa, engonakalisi kuphela izicubu zomngxuma ococekileyo wezinto ezisebenzayo, kodwa kunye nenani lezinto ezisebenzayo ziyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe. Oku kubangela ukuba amandla ebhetri ehle, kwaye ubomi belophu bufutshane. I-Positive polar plate corrosion mechanism: (1) I-prejudice oxyurization yobuso be-neutralization: Xa i-anode ihlawuliswa, i-oksijini ekhutshwe kakuhle, le oksijini ikwimo ye-athomu elingana neekhemikhali kwi-lattice ye-neutrain, kwaye idluliselwe. nge-oxide Umaleko usasazeka kumphezulu wesinyithi kwaye ukhupha isinyithi.

Isinyithi esine-oxidized yinkqubo esisiseko yokumisela isantya esilungileyo sokuhlwa kwelothe, kunye nokunyuka kobushushu kufakwe kwi-polarized, kubangela isantya esitsha sokusasazwa kweoksijini, kwaye isantya sokutya siyakhawuleza. (2) I-Catalytic corrosion: i-catalyst kwi-reaction of neutralization of oxygen in podification. Xa i-oksijeni iyancipha, ikwimo ye-radicals yamahhala kwimveliso ephakathi.

Umzekelo: .oh, ˙ ˙, .h2SO4, njl.

, ezi mveliso eziphakathi ziyinkimbinkimbi kunye nomphezulu we-oxide engathathi hlangothi, ebangela ukuba i-membrane yeseli ibe yi-loles, ngaloo ndlela ichithe isinyithi phantsi kwe-membrane, ibangele ukubola. 3 (4) Kukho iikristale ezimbini kwilothe kwiseli, ezizeziαPB02 kunyeβEnye yeemaleko ze-PB02 zoqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo kunye nesango leplate yiαUninzi lwangaphandle lwe-PB02 luyiβI-PB02, kunye nemveliso esisiseko ye-anode corrosionαPB02.

(5) Ipleyiti entle ye-electrode idliwe kwi-anode polarization, kakhulu ecaleni komda wengqolowa. Ekubeni kukho uluhlu lwangaphandle lwesinye isisombululo esiqinileyo kwinqanaba langaphandle lengqolowa encinci ye-crystal kwi-alloy, i-interlayer interlayer phakathi kwamacandelo kunye nengqolowa ngokwayo yenziwe phakathi kweenkozo, kwaye i-alloy corrosion ivela kwi-interlayer. I-5, izinto ezisebenzayo eziwa ibhetri ye-lead-acid ngexesha lokuhlawuliswa kunye nokukhutshwa, izinto ezisebenzayo zeplate ngokuthe ngcembe ziwa ngenxa yomonakalo, le nto ibalulekile ekungaphumeleli kwentlawulo ejikelezayo, kwaye into ebalulekileyo kukuba kukho imvula kwi-precipitate. i-electrolyte, umthamo webhetri.

ukuhla. Xa izinto ezisebenzayo ziphuma, ukuba ubomi bebhetri busondele ekupheliseni, i-fallback yezinto ezisebenzayo iyinto eqhelekileyo, kodwa kwimeko elandelayo, into esebenzayo yepaneli ye-polar ishiywe. (1) Ipleyiti ye-electrode engalunganga ayikho kwinkqubo yokuhlawula kunye nokukhupha ngenxa yomlinganiselo ongafanelekanga wezongezo.

(2) Ukuhlawula kunye nokukhupha kunye nokukhupha kunye nokukhupha, ukukhutshwa kwexesha elide. (3) Ubushushu be-electrolytic fluid kunye nokuxinana kuphezulu kakhulu ngexesha lokutshaja. (4) Isiphaluka esifutshane senzeke kwisiphaluka sangaphandle sokukhutshwa.

(5) I-Electrolyte ayisulungekanga. (6) I-polar sulfate okanye i-slate corrosion. 6.

Umthamo unciphisa ukukhutshwa kwebhetri ye-lead-asidi ukusilela ukufikelela kumthamo olinganisiweyo okanye ukuncipha komthamo ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha, kwaye ngokubanzi ezi zizathu zilandelayo (1) Iqela le-Polar isekethe emfutshane yendawo. (2) Indawo ye-welding ye-battery ine-welding yobuxoki. Ngoko ke, umthamo wokuqala unokuba, njengoko inkqubo yokuhlawulisa kunye nokukhutshwa, indawo yokudambisa inkohliso inefilimu, kodwa umphumo ubi.

(3) Isiseko sokuqhekeka kwepleyiti yomhlwa, izinto ezisebenzayo ziyawa. (4) Polar sulfate. (5) Xa umthamo ukhutshwa, ingxinano yesisombululo se-electrolytic iphantsi okanye inqanaba lolwelo lwe-electrolyte alanele.

(6) Ukutshaja kunye nokukhupha izixhobo, imitha yokulinganisa kukugqithisela okanye ukusilela. (7) Xa ukhutshiwe, ubushushu be-electrolyte buphantsi kakhulu. 7.

Iimpawu zokungahambi kakuhle kwamandla ombane kwinkqubo yentlawulo kunye nokukhupha zinemiba ilandelayo: (1) Umbane uphantsi xa umbane wesiphaluka ovulekileyo uphantsi okanye uhlawulwe. (2) Xa ukukhutshwa kukhutshiwe, i-voltage yehla ukuya kwi-voltage yokuyeka ukuyeka ukubuyisela amandla ombane aphezulu. (3) Ukunyuka kwamandla ombane kuphezulu kakhulu xa ukutshaja kuphezulu kakhulu.

Xa ukutshaja kuyekile, ukuhla kombane kuphantsi kakhulu. (4) Kukho ixabiso elibi xa ukhulula. (5) Umbane uyanyuka ngexesha lokutshaja kwaye umbane uphantsi.

Isenzeko esibangelwa kukungahambi kakuhle kwamandla ombane ngokubanzi sinezi zizathu zilandelayo: (1) isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphakathi, umva. (2) I-Polar sulfate. (3) Ikhefu le-polar corrosion, izinto ezisebenzayo ziyawa.

(4) Uxinzelelo lwe-electrolytic liquid luphantsi okanye luphezulu. (5) Isixhobo sokulinganisa sigqithise okanye asiphumelelanga. (6) Unxibelelwano olubi.

(7) Ukuhlanjululwa kwe-electrode contraction engalunganga. (8) Ukukhutshwa ngokugqithisileyo. (9) Ukutshaja okungonelanga.

(10) Ukuzikhupha okukhulu kwe-8, ukuqala komehluko wokusebenza kwenkokeli ibhetri yokuqala ukusebenza ayifuni ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ekukhutshweni okuphezulu kwangoku. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa ezi zizathu zilandelayo: (1) Umtya wokudityaniswa kwebhetri (Udonga lwe-Welding) kunye nesithuba sokuphela kunye ne-pole column joints, i-welding eluhlaza ekrwada kwidibaniso yepleyiti eqhelekileyo, ebangela ukusebenza kakubi kokuqala okanye ukungakwazi ukuqala. (2) Isisombululo se-electrolytic siphantsi, ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kukhulu, kwaye ibhloko ivaliwe.

(3) Ukugoba kwepleyiti entle kunye nesulfate yepleyiti. (4) Isixhobo sokukhupha kunye nokuxhatshazwa koqhagamshelwano lwebhetri. (5) I-Hypertropline.

(6) izinto ezisebenzayo ziyawa. (7) Ukukhutshwa okugqithisileyo kwangoku. (8) Ubushushu be-ambient buphantsi kakhulu.

I-9, unobangela wobomi bomjikelo wobomi, ubomi bebhetri obukhokelela kwi-asidi, ngokuqhelekileyo le miba ilandelayo: (1) I-corrosion yepleyiti e-Positive, ukwandiswa kwepleyiti engalunganga. (2) Isiphaluka esifutshane se-Hypertrophic, uxhumano lweplate. (3) Ukonakaliswa okanye ukuhlutha phakathi kwabahlukanisi kunye nothethathethwano.

(4) Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentlawulo kunye nomjikelo wokukhupha. (5) Uxinzelelo lwesisombululo se-Electrolytic, ubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu okanye obuphantsi kakhulu, umgangatho wolwelo uphezulu akwanelanga. (6) i-Delta welding, i-polar plate.

(7) Polar sulfate. (8) Umsinga wokutshaja kunye nokukhupha umbane mkhulu kakhulu. Okwesibini, i-anatomy kunye nohlalutyo Xa uvavanyo lwebhetri ye-lead-asidi lugqityiweyo okanye ibhetri ayinako ukupheliswa, ukuqwalaselwa kwebhetri kuya kuchithwa, kwaye amanyathelo alandelayo: 1, ukujonga imbonakalo (ebonisa izinto ezisebenzayo zinemvula, ebonisa ) (1) (1) ) Khangela ukuba akukho monakalo kunye neentanda kwitanki yebhetri.

(2) Linganisa ixabiso loxinaniso lwe-electrolyte, amandla ombane kwicala lebhetri kunye nomthamo webhetri enye enye. (3) Jonga indawo yokuphela kwebhetri kwaye uqhagamshele umcu. 2.

I-Anatomy (1) Emva kokuba ibhetri yerabha yeqokobhe ibekwe kwindawo yobushushu obuphezulu, emva kokuba i-arhente yokutywina ithanjisiwe, i-agent yokutywina ikhutshwa ngemela, kwaye umtya wokudityaniswa usarha ngesarha yentsimbi, kwaye iqela ngalinye lobunzima liyasetyenziswa. . Khupha, uyibeke kwi-iron plate. 2 wabona iSaw ye weld, khupha iphazili nganye, uyibeke kwipleyiti yentsimbi.

(3) Qwalasela i-polarity, nokuba kukho ukungabikho kwe-separator, akukho kuphuka, ukudibanisa phakathi kwebhasi kunye neendlebe ze-polar, akukho flephu kwaye akukho mcimbi we-welding welding ye-pseudo. Qaphela ikholomu yesibonda kunye nebhasi yebhasi, ukudibanisa kwekholamu ye-polar kunye nesithuba sokugqibela sikhululekile, i-solder welding pseudo-welding phenomenon, yaqaphela ukuba kukho into yangaphandle kwiqela eligqithiseleyo. (4) Qaphela i-polar side, i-bottom ine-phenomena yokudibanisa i-short-circuit kunye ne-partition kwi-polar position kunye nomda we-partition.

(5) Qwalasela ubume be-electrolyte, ubume bezinto ezisebenzayo zokubeka, akukho abutment kwitanki yebhetri nokuba kukho ukuqhekeka, umonakalo, unxibelelwano lweklasi enye, njl. (6) Emva kokugqiba oku kungasentla, sebenzisa isarha yentsimbi yokuvula ipleyiti yokuvula. kunye ne-bus discharge connection, i-tape ukujonga ipleyiti ye-electrode efanelekileyo, i-negative plate kunye ne-separator. (7) Qaphela ukuba ipleyiti ekhangayo i-four-border ifreyimu ine-fracture ye-fracture, imeko yomphezulu wepleyiti, izinto ezisebenzayo ziyawa, kunye nokubola kweembambo ezincinci kunye nokucwangciswa kwamacwecwe.

(8) Malunga netyhubhu yokuqwalasela ipleyiti evumayo ityhubhu ayinamonakalo, undoqo welothe awunanto ihambelanayo, akukho offset ngasemva, akukho khefu ebhasini, izinto ezisebenzayo kumbhobho, iqondo lomoya. ityhubhu, njl. (9) Qwalasela imeko yomphezulu wepleyiti engalunganga, kukho i-sulfate sulfurized acidification, i-substance esebenzayo ayinakho ukucutheka kwaye ilukhuni, akukho kwandiso, kunye nokuwa. (10) Qwalasela iqondo lokubola kwesahlulelo ngasinye, akukho monakalo, ikhefu, i-angle eqengqelekayo, ukugqobhoza, ukubonwa kwesahluli, hlamba, hlamba ngononophelo.

(11) Emva kokuhlalutya ibhetri yokurekhoda ukuqwalaselwa kwe-anatomical, bhala iziphumo, uhlalutye unobangela wokusebenza kwebhetri kunye nokupheliswa kovavanyo, kwaye ucebise uhlalutyo lwebhetri ye-anatomical ibhetri ye-lead-acid uhlalutyo oluqhelekileyo kunye nokunyangwa kweempazamo eziqhelekileyo ezibangela ukusilela kwindlela yoNyango. akwanelanga 1. I-voltage isephantsi 2. Uxinaniso oluphantsi, akukho mfuneko emiselweyo emva kokutshaja 3.

Ixesha lokusebenza lifutshane 4. Ixesha lokusebenza Xa umthamo wokubonisa imitha ukhawuleza 1. Umbane wetshaja, useto lwangoku luphantsi kakhulu.

2. Ukungahlawulisi ngokwaneleyo 3. Ukungaphumeleli kwetshaja 1.

Uhlengahlengiso, itshaja yokulungisa 2. Itshaja yokongeza ibhetri 3. Buyisela indawo yebhetri entsha etshajiswayo 1.

Isigqubuthelo esinyibilikisiweyo sityheli, sitshintsha bomvu 2. Indawo yokuhlala ikhubazekile 3. I-Co-carbonization, ikhubazekile 4.

I-Positive corrosion, break 5. Ukunyuka komkhono werabha wepali, ukuguga, ukuqhekeka 6. Amanzi rhoqo, ukutshaja, ukudumba kwe-electrolyte 7.

Kwincam yomhlaba into esebenzayo iwa ngokufanayo 8. Positive plate explosion Ityhubhu 1. Itshaja I-Voltage, useto lwangoku luphezulu kakhulu 2.

Ixesha lokutshaja lide kakhulu 3. Ukutshaja rhoqo 4. Ukukhutshwa okuncinci kunye nexabiso elikhulu lokutshaja 5.

Ukusilela kwetshaja 1. Uhlengahlengiso, ukulungiswa kwetshaja 2. Ukulungelelanisa inkqubo yokutshaja 3.

Ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha iibhetri ezintsha Ibhetri echithwe ngokugqithisileyo 1. Ibhetri emileyo yombane iphantsi 2. Emva kokutshaja, ubuninzi be-electrolyte buphantsi.

2. Ukugcinwa kwesithuthi 3. Ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha ibhetri entsha yesekethe emfutshane 1.

Umbane okhoyo ungaphantsi kwe-2V. 2. Uxinzelelo lwe-electrolyte luphantsi kakhulu 3.

Ubushushu buphezulu ngexesha lokutshaja 4. Ixesha lokusebenza kweforklift lifutshane 1. Polater curved deformation short circuit 2.

Ibhodi elahlekileyo okanye indibano 3. I-electrode esebenzayo esebenzayo ivaliwe, isiphaluka esifutshane esisezantsi kufuneka sithathe indawo yokuqhawula ibhetri entsha 1. Indlela yokulayisha yangaphandle Xa i-voltage ingaqhelekanga, okwangoku ayikwazi ukufaka i-1.

Ikhoyo ngoku ayikwazi ukufaka i-1. I-Welding xa ikholomu yesibonda okanye i-polar plate ihlanganiswe. 2 Isekethe emfutshane yangaphandle 3.

Ukukhutshwa okukhulu ngoku 4. Ukudibanisa okanye ukuqhawula uxhumano 5. I-Corrosion yePolar 1.

Imfuneko yokulungisa ibhetri 2. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, buyisela ibhetri entsha ukuze wongeze i-electrolyte xa uxinano luphezulu: 1. Susa i-electrolyte emva kokutshaja Uxinzelelo loku-1.

300g / cm32. Umbane omileyo webhetri yi-3. Umthamo wokuqala ulungile.

Emva kwexesha elithile, umthamo uyancitshiswa 4. I-electrolyte turbidity iphantsi: 1. Ubuninzi be-electrolyte bungaphantsi kwexabiso elichaziweyo emva kokutshaja kwe-2.

Umthamo webhetri uphantsi. Pure: 1. Umthamo webhetri uphantsi 2.

I-electrolyte i-turbid, umbala awuqhelekanga, kwaye kukho ivumba. Iphakame kakhulu. Ukuzikhupha kuphezulu kakhulu.

2. Inqanaba lolwelo liyancitshiswa. Inqanaba le-liquid liyancitshiswa, kwaye amanzi acocekileyo ayongezwa njengoko kufuneka.

Kunoko, i-asidi ye-dilute iyongezwa ngokungalunganga. Ulwelo oluphambili alucocekanga (luqulathe ukungcola 1. Ibhetri ye-electrolyte yombane 2.

Buyisela ipleyiti yebhetri entsha yesulfate) 1. Ukukhutshwa okuqhelekileyo kuncitshiswa nge-2. Ukuncipha kungaphantsi kwesiqhelo 3.

Ukuhla kwamandla ombane kukhawuleza. 4. Qalisa ukutshaja ubude bombane 5.

Iqamza lomoya livela ekuqaleni kwe-6. I-PBSO4 crystallization 1. Ukuthenga kungaphantsi kwe-2.

Ekukhutshweni, ixesha lokubeka lide kakhulu 3. Uxinaniso lwentlawulo yexesha elide 4. Ubuninzi be-Electrolyte Evergreen 5.

Inqanaba le-liquid liphantsi kakhulu, kwaye inxalenye ephezulu yeplate ibonakaliswe ngaphandle kwe-electrolyte 6. I-Electrolyte ayisulungekanga 7. Isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphakathi 1.

Ukutshaja okugqithisileyo 2. Indlela yokuTshaja ePhindayo 3. I-Hydropatical esebenzayo into esebenzayo kakhulu ukuwa 1.

Xa ukutshaja kuphakanyiswe ukusuka ezantsi 2. Umthamo webhetri ucuthiwe 1. Imvula emdaka inkulu kakhulu.

2. Imvula emhlophe ibangelwa kukukhutshwa okugqithisileyo 3. Isisombululo sebhetri ye-Electrolytic ayisulungekanga 1.

Coca imvula 2. Lungisa ukuxinana 3. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, buyisela ibhetri entsha ebuyela umva i-electrode 1.

I-Voltage i-negative 2. Ubuninzi be-electrolyte emva kokutshaja yi-1.20g / cm3 okanye ngaphantsi kwe-3.

Ikholamu elungileyo nengalunganga, ipali Xa utshaja, impazamo yoqhagamshelwano olubi 1. Impazamo yoqhagamshelo lwe-electrode engalunganga 1. Ukutshaja umva 2.

Buyisela ibhetri entsha evuza ulwelo 1. Iingcingo ezivula ebusuku 2. Indawo yokubeka, itywina, ukuvuza ebusuku 3.

Ukwahlula 4. Iseli Kukho umkhondo womphandle womphandle. 1.

Itywina lobushushu eligqunyiweyo 2. Ingxaki yeringi entle yerabha 3. I-arhente yokutywina iyaqhekeka 4 ayihoywa yimpembelelo yamandla angaphandle 1.

Ukulungisa 2. Okufunekayo ukutshintsha ibhetri entsha Iingcebiso: 1, ibhetri, ukutshaja Ukusebenzisa uphawu oluqhelekileyo kunye nodumo, umgangatho omhle, umgangatho omhle, emva kokuthengisa, kufuneka uthenge uphawu oluqhelekileyo xa kuthengwa iimoto zombane, zonke iinkalo ziqinisekisiwe. I-2, zama ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweeshaja ezikhawulezayo, kuba isantya sesikhululo sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kukuhlawula ukutshaja okuphezulu kwangoku ngexesha, okuya kubangela ukuba ibhetri ilahleke kakhulu, ibhegi yesigubhu sebhetri.

I-3 Imoto iphezulu kakhulu emva kokuqhuba kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, kwaye xa ukutshaja ngokuthe ngqo kunokubangela ukuba ubushushu bebhetri buqhubeke, kunye neyona ndawo ibalulekileyo, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukuvutha ngokuzenzekelayo. I-5, musa ukugqithisela isantya, isantya sokulayisha, ibhetri iphezulu ngoku, ibangela umonakalo kwipleyiti ye-polar yebhetri, echaphazela ubomi bebhetri; I-6, izithuthi zombane zikhethwa ngokukhethekileyo ukuba zigcinwe kwigumbi, zithintele imvula yelanga, ukuthintela ukushisa okuphezulu. .