Manyan nau'ikan tsarin wutar lantarki guda uku: On-Grid, Off-Grid da Hybrid

Manyan nau'ikan tsarin hasken rana guda uku

1. On-grid - wanda kuma aka sani da grid-tie ko tsarin ciyarwar rana

2. Off-grid - wanda kuma aka sani da tsarin wutar lantarki mai tsayayye (SAPS)

3. Matasa - tsarin hasken rana mai haɗin grid tare da ajiyar baturi

Manyan Abubuwan Tsarin Rana

Tashoshin Rana

Yawancin bangarorin hasken rana na zamani sun ƙunshi sel na photovoltaic na tushen silicon da yawa (kwayoyin PV) wanda ke samar da wutar lantarki kai tsaye (DC) daga hasken rana. Ranakun hasken rana, wanda kuma aka sani da tsarin hasken rana, gabaɗaya ana haɗa su a cikin 'strings' don ƙirƙirar abin da aka sani da tsarar rana. Adadin makamashin hasken rana da aka samar ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa, ciki har da daidaitawa da karkatar da kusurwar bangarorin hasken rana, ingancin aikin hasken rana, da duk wani hasara saboda shading, datti har ma da yanayin zafi.

Fayilolin hasken rana na iya samar da kuzari a lokacin gajimare da matsi, amma yawan kuzarin ya dogara da 'kauri' da tsayin gajimare, wanda ke tantance yawan hasken da zai iya wucewa. Adadin makamashin hasken da aka sani da iskar hasken rana kuma yawanci ana yin matsakaicin tsawon yini ta amfani da kalmar Peak Sun Hours (PSH). PSH ko matsakaicin lokacin hasken rana na yau da kullun ya dogara da wuri da lokacin shekara.

Solar Inverter

Masu amfani da hasken rana suna samar da wutar lantarki ta DC, wanda dole ne a canza shi zuwa wutar lantarki ta yanzu (AC) don amfani a gidajenmu da kasuwancinmu. Wannan shine farkon aikin mai inverter na hasken rana. A cikin tsarin inverter na 'string', ana haɗa sassan hasken rana tare a jere, kuma ana kawo wutar lantarki ta DC zuwa injin inverter, wanda ke canza wutar DC zuwa wutar AC. A cikin tsarin microinverter, kowane panel yana da nasa micro-inverter a haɗe zuwa gefen baya na panel. Kwamitin har yanzu yana samar da DC amma an canza shi zuwa AC akan rufin kuma ana ciyar da shi kai tsaye zuwa allon wutar lantarki.

Hakanan akwai ƙarin na'urorin inverter na sitiriyo waɗanda ke amfani da ƙananan abubuwan inganta wutar lantarki da ke haɗe zuwa bayan kowane rukunin rana 

Baturi

Batura da ake amfani da su don ajiyar makamashin hasken rana suna samuwa a cikin manyan nau'i biyu: gubar acid (AGM & Gel) da kuma lithium-ion. Yawancin wasu nau'ikan suna samuwa, kamar batura mai gudana gyada da sodium-Ion, amma za mu mai da hankali ga mafi yawan mutane biyu. Yawancin tsarin ajiyar makamashi na zamani suna amfani da baturan lithium-ion masu caji kuma ana samun su ta sifofi da girma da yawa, waɗanda za a iya daidaita su ta hanyoyi da yawa dalla-dalla a nan.

Ana auna ƙarfin baturi gabaɗaya azaman ko dai Amp hours (Ah) don gubar-acid ko awoyi kilowatt (kWh) na lithium-ion. Duk da haka, ba duk ƙarfin yana samuwa don amfani ba. Batura na tushen lithium-ion na iya samar da kusan kashi 90% na ƙarfin da suke da shi kowace rana. A kwatancen, baturan gubar-acid gabaɗaya suna ba da kashi 30% zuwa 40% na jimlar ƙarfinsu kowace rana don ƙara rayuwar baturi. Ana iya fitar da batirin gubar-acid cikakke, amma wannan yakamata a yi shi ne kawai a cikin yanayin ajiyar gaggawa