Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamasistimu amandla elanga: On-Grid, Off-Grid kanye Hybrid

Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezinhlelo zamandla elanga

1. I-on-grid - eyaziwa nangokuthi i-grid-tie noma isistimu yelanga yokuphakela kwegridi

2. I-Off-grid - eyaziwa nangokuthi i-stand-alone power system (SAPS)

3. Ingxubevange - Isistimu yelanga exhunywe kugridi enesitoreji sebhethri

Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zesistimu Yelanga

Amaphaneli elanga

Amaphaneli elanga amaningi esimanje akhiwe ngamaseli amaningi e-silicon-based photovoltaic (amaseli e-PV) ezikhiqiza ugesi wamanje (DC) ovela elangeni. Amaphaneli elanga, aziwa nangokuthi amamojula elanga, ngokuvamile axhunywe ‘ngezintambo’ ukuze enze lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi i-solar array. Inani lamandla elanga akhiqizwayo lincike ezicini ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukuma kanye ne-engeli yokutsheka kwamaphaneli elanga, ukusebenza kahle kwephaneli yelanga, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukulahlekelwa ngenxa yomthunzi, ukungcola ngisho nezinga lokushisa elizungezile.

Amaphaneli elanga angakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla ngesikhathi sezulu esiguqubele nesiguqubele, kodwa inani lamandla lincike 'ebugqileni' nokuphakama kwamafu, okunquma ukuthi kungakanani ukukhanya okungadlula kukho. Inani lamandla okukhanya laziwa ngokuthi imisebe yelanga futhi ngokuvamile lilinganiswa usuku lonke kusetshenziswa igama elithi Peak Sun Hours (PSH). I-PSH noma isilinganiso samahora okukhanya kwelanga nsuku zonke sincike kakhulu endaweni nesikhathi sonyaka.

I-Solar Inverter

Amaphaneli elanga akhiqiza ugesi we-DC, okufanele uguqulelwe kugesi wamanje (AC) oshintshanayo ukuze siwusebenzise ezindlini zethu nasemabhizinisini ethu. Lena indima eyinhloko ye-solar inverter. Kusistimu yokuguqula intambo 'yezintambo', amaphaneli elanga axhunywe ndawonye ngochungechunge, futhi ugesi we-DC ulethwa ku-inverter, eguqula amandla e-DC abe amandla e-AC. Kuhlelo lwe-microinverter, iphaneli ngayinye ine-micro-inverter yayo enamathiselwe ohlangothini olungemuva lwephaneli. Iphaneli isakhiqiza i-DC kodwa iguqulelwa ku-AC ophahleni futhi iphakelwa ngqo ebhodini lokushintshwa likagesi.

Kukhona nezinhlelo ezithuthuke kakhulu zokuguqula izintambo ezisebenzisa izithuthukisi zamandla ezincane ezinamathiselwe ngemuva kwephaneli ngayinye yelanga. 

Amabhethri

Amabhethri asetshenziselwa ukugcina amandla elanga atholakala ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-lead acid (AGM & Gel) kanye ne-lithium-ion. Ezinye izinhlobo eziningana ziyatholakala, njengamabhethri e-redox flow kanye ne-sodium-ion, kodwa sizogxila kokubili okuvame kakhulu. Amasistimu amaningi esimanje okugcina amandla asebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion aphinde ashajwe futhi atholakala ngezindlela eziningi namasayizi, angacushwa ngezindlela ezimbalwa ezichazwe kabanzi lapha.

Amandla ebhethri ngokuvamile akalwa ngokuthi amahora angu-Amp (Ah) we-lead-acid noma amahora e-kilowatt (kWh) we-lithium-ion. Nokho, akuwona wonke amandla atholakalayo ukuze asetshenziswe. Amabhethri asekelwe ku-lithium-ion ngokuvamile anganikeza kufika ku-90% womthamo wawo otholakalayo ngosuku. Uma kuqhathaniswa, amabhethri e-lead-acid ngokuvamile ahlinzeka kuphela ngo-30% kuya ku-40% wesamba samandla awo ngosuku ukuze andise impilo yebhethri. Amabhethri e-lead-asidi angashajwa ngokugcwele, kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ezimeni zokulondoloza ikhophi eziphuthumayo