Menene ragowar hanyar hasashen ƙarfin baturi?

作者：Iflowpower – Kaasaskantava elektrijaama tarnija

1 Gabatarwa Valve Sarrafa Sealed Lead Acid (VRLA) Baturi Tun da akwai karamin size, fashewa-hujja, ƙarfin lantarki barga, babu gurbace, haske nauyi, high fitarwa aikin, kananan kiyayewa, low price, da dai sauransu, an fi so da daban-daban masana&39;antu, Yadu amfani a gidan waya, lantarki, sufuri, sararin samaniya, gaggawa lighting, sadarwa, da dai sauransu. Batura VRLA sun zama ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan tsarin, kuma amintaccen aikin sa da aminci yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da ingantaccen aiki na gabaɗayan na&39;urar.

Koyaya, yayin amfani, saboda ragowar ƙarfin ba za a iya faɗi daidai ba, haɗarin yana haifar da haɗari, kuma kasuwa mai nauyi ta zama abin takaici. Don haka, dole ne a kafa ingantaccen tsarin sarrafa batir don yin hasashen daidai ƙarfin ƙarfin baturin, wanda shine mafi mahimmanci kuma mafi mahimmancin aiki a cikin tsarin sarrafa batir [1] [2]. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya a cikin Sin da waje don nuna ragowar ƙarfin baturin.

SOC muhimmin ma&39;auni ne wanda kai tsaye yana nuna ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki mai dorewa da lafiyar batura. Tun da batura VRLA suna da nau&39;ikan iri, amfani, da muhallin waje, SOC yana da abubuwa masu tasiri da yawa, don haka ana annabta su ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kuma samfurin baturi da aka yi amfani da shi ba iri ɗaya bane. Hanyar yin samfuri na babban baturi za a iya raba shi zuwa manyan nau&39;i biyu: ɗaya shine hanyar yin ƙirar jiki; ɗayan kuma shine tsarin gano tsarin da kuma hanyar ƙididdige sigar ƙididdiga [3].

2 Hanyar yin samfura ta jiki tana annabta hanyar gwajin fitarwa SOC2.1 Hanyar gwajin fitarwa ita ce ingantaccen ingantaccen hanyar kimanta SOC. Ana ci gaba da fitar da baturin zuwa sifilin SOC da aka ƙayyade, kuma samfurin fitarwa na yanzu da lokaci shine ragowar ƙarfin.

Hanyar gwajin fitarwa ana amfani da ita musamman a cikin fakitin cajin baturi na dakin gwaje-gwaje, duba ƙimar ƙimar SOC ko kula da baturi, dacewa da duk batura. Duk da haka, akwai hasashe biyu a bayyane: (1) yana buƙatar lokaci mai yawa da ɗan adam; (2) Dole ne a katse aikin baturin, ba zai iya yin hasashen kan layi a ainihin lokacin ba. Don batir ɗin ajiya na tsaye, ya zama dole a ɗauki wannan hanyar don lokuta masu mahimmanci.

A lokacin fitarwa, tsarin yana gudana ba tare da ajiyar baturi ba, da zarar babban wutar lantarki ya sami matsala ko kuma katsewar hanyar sadarwa, gabaɗayan tsarin zai gurɓace. Asara mara misaltuwa. Takaddun shaida [4] ya bayyana hanyar gwajin fitarwa da kuma taka tsantsan, amma yana buƙatar aiki mai yawa da hannu; wallafe-wallafe [5] yana amfani da tsarin kula da yanayin wutar lantarki don gane sarrafa gwajin fitarwa na fakitin baturi, adana lokaci da inganci, amma daidaito yana da ƙasa sosai.

Za a iya ƙayyade aikin fakitin baturi kawai ba tare da ƙididdige yawan ƙarfin da ya rage ba. 2.2 Ambar Measurement Ainihin Hanyar ita ce hanyar da aka fi sani da ƙididdigar SOC, tsarin lissafin shine: (1) inda SOC0 shine cajin da lokacin farawa, CN shine ƙarfin da aka ƙididdigewa, η yana cajin da fitarwa kuma ba akai-akai ba (An ɗauka cewa cajin halin yanzu yana da kyau, ƙaddamarwar halin yanzu shine lokacin cajin shine lokacin da ake cajin shi).

Amincin amincin amintaccen akwatin baƙar fata ne wanda ake la&39;akari da cewa yana da alaƙa daidai gwargwado tare da adadin wutar lantarki na batirin da ke gudana daga baturin, ba tare da la&39;akari da tsari da halayen lantarki na waje na baturi ba, don haka wannan hanyar ta dace da baturi daban-daban. Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga wannan ma&39;auni (1), matsalolin da ke cikin aikace-aikacen: (1) suna buƙatar daidaita ƙimar farko na SOC; (2) yana buƙatar madaidaicin lissafin caji da aikin fitarwa; (3) don auna daidai halin yanzu, ma&39;auni na yanzu Dangane da kuskuren lissafin SOC, akwai kuskuren tarawa na haɗin kai na yanzu; (4) yana da girma a yanayin yanayin yanayin zafi mai zafi da sauye-sauye na yanzu. Don haka, lokacin da aka yi amfani da ɗan sararin sama jannati a aikace-aikace na zahiri, ana biyan shi gabaɗaya don dalilai kamar caji da ƙimar fitarwa, zafin jiki, tsufan baturi, da adadin fitar da kai gwargwadon amfani da yanayi da yanayi.

Daftarin aiki [6] yana amfani da amincin AC, ma&39;aunin Peukert, gyaran zafin jiki, da SOH haɗe tare da SOH, kuma SOC na batir mai sarrafa bawul-acid mai sarrafa batir ana kiyasin yana tsakanin jihohin biyu na ƙarfin baturi na sifili zuwa ƙarfin zagaye ɗaya. A cikin wannan sake zagayowar, baturin ma&39;aunin yana ƙididdige SOH don ƙididdige jimlar ƙarfin daidaitaccen fitarwa na yanzu ko caji a daidaitaccen yanayin zafi. Daidaiton lissafin SOC ɗin sa na iya kaiwa 0.

1%, kuma tsarin lissafin shine: Takardu [7] yayi la&39;akari da biyan diyya don cajin baturi da adadin fitarwa, zafin jiki, tsufa baturi, da rabon fitar da kai, kuma yana gyara kuskuren da aka tara ta hanyar daidaitawa, kuma yayi amfani da adadi mai yawa na gwaje-gwaje. Sakamakon ƙimar ƙarfin wutar lantarki ɗaya na baturi da ma&39;aunin iya aiki, sun gyara rashin daidaituwar baturin, da gyara tsarin (4). Inda: ks shine haɗin haɗin gwiwa, kuma ΔU shine bambanci tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki a ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki a cikin fakitin baturi da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na duk batir monomer: Takaddun [8], ta amfani da hanyar wutar lantarki ta buɗe don samun SOC na farko, bayan hanyar lokacin aminci Rarraba ramuwa, daidaiton ƙimar SOC ɗin sa yana cikin 6%.

Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da dokar tsaro sau da yawa tare da Kalmann (Tattaunawa dalla-dalla a cikin Kalman tacewa). 2.3 Hanyar Maɗaukaki Hanyar yawa ana amfani da shi a cikin baturan gubar-acid.

Tun da yawan electrolyte sannu a hankali yana ƙaruwa yayin caji, sannu a hankali yana raguwa yayin fitarwa, kuma ƙarfin baturi da yawa suna da ƙayyadaddun alaƙa ta layi, don haka girman SOC ana iya yin hasashen ta hanyar auna yawan electrolyte [9]. Tunda ana buƙatar auna hanyar ƙima, ana amfani da shi musamman a cikin buɗaɗɗen baturin gubar-acid. Idan za&39;a iya haɓaka firikwensin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi mafi girma, ana iya dasa shi a cikin baturi da aka rufe lokacin da aka samar dashi.

Takaddun shaida [10] [11] [12] yana amfani da na&39;urori masu auna firikwensin ultrasonic, ƙananan makamashi γ haskoki, na&39;urori masu auna ƙarfin baturi na gubar-acid don auna yawan adadin batirin gubar-acid, yayin da wallafe-wallafe [11] ke annabta yawa ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa mai ban mamaki. Da kyau, amma babu ƙaddara tsakanin electrolyte da SOC. 2.

4 Buɗe Dokar Wutar Wutar Lantarki (OpenCIRCUITVOLTAGE) tana nufin ƙarshen ƙarfin lantarki a cikin yanayin buɗewa, kusa da ƙarfin lantarki na baturi akan ƙimar. Hanyar wutar lantarki na buɗewa ana kafa shi ne gwargwadon ƙarfin baturi da ƙarfin buɗewa akwai ƙayyadaddun dangantaka ta madaidaiciya (daidaitacce), kuma girman sauran ƙarfin za a iya samu kai tsaye ta hanyar auna ƙarfin lantarki na buɗewa. Fa&39;idar ita ce ba ta dogara da girman baturi, girmanta, da saurin fitarwa ba, buɗewar kewayawa kawai ita ce sigogin gwaji, mai sauƙi [13] [14] [15].

Takardu [16] ya bayyana alakar da ke tsakanin baturan gubar-acid bude wutar lantarki, karfin saura, da kuma yawan electrolyte, kuma ya ba da dabarar lissafi tsakanin SOC da budaddiyar da&39;ira: inda VBO ke da budadden wutar lantarki na baturi, kuma Vα ta cika da wutar lantarki. Wutar lantarki na buɗewa, Vb buɗaɗɗen wutar lantarki ne a isasshiyar fitarwa, da girman girman sa tare da masana&39;antun batir daban-daban. Lokacin amfani da wannan hanyar, ta hanyar auna buɗaɗɗen wutar lantarki na baturi, teburin duba gabaɗaya na iya samun ƙimamar SOC.

Duk da haka, akwai kuma babban lahani na hanyar wutar lantarki ta buɗe: (1) Ana buƙatar batir damar isa ga daidaitaccen yanayi, da yadda ake ƙayyade lokacin tsayawa; (2) Yayin da baturi ke tsufa, ragowar wutar lantarki tana raguwa, buɗe wutar lantarki na buɗewa Ba a bayyane yake ba, babu ingantaccen hasashen sauran wutar lantarki; (3) Don fakitin baturi na gargajiya da ake amfani da shi, baturin yana cikin yanayi, kuma ba za a iya auna ƙarfin lantarki na buɗewa ba, kuma ba za a iya gane ma&39;aunin kan layi ba. Daga wallafe-wallafen na yanzu, gabaɗaya ba a amfani da shi ita kaɗai ta amfani da hanyar wutar lantarki mai buɗewa. Tun da hanyar wutar lantarki ta buɗewa tana da kyau a matakin farko na caji, ƙimar SOC yana da kyau, sau da yawa haɗe tare da amincin aminci, Karmana.

Na dogon lokaci don tsayawa na dogon lokaci don baturi, wallafe-wallafen [14] yana amfani da baturi na maɓallin dawo da buɗaɗɗen da&39;irar a cikin jihohi daban-daban, kuma ana samun tsarin tsinkaya na wutar lantarki ta budewa ta hanyar ƙididdige SOC, ƙimar da aka annabta da ma&39;auni. Kuskuren dangi yana cikin 6%. Takardu [17] [18] [19] yana daidaita yanayin fitar da baturi na VRLA a ma&39;aunin fitarwa daban-daban, ya gano cewa tsarin fitarwa yana da daidaito mai kyau, yanayin fitarwa, rabon fitarwa, yanayin yanayi, da wutar lantarki, da sauransu.

Canjin abubuwan yana da ƙanƙanta sosai ga wannan daidaito. An ba da shawarar cewa kawai wutar lantarki na fitarwa ya annabta SOC, tsarin lissafin shine kamar haka: a ciki TT shine tsawon lokacin fitarwa, kuma VEND shine ƙarfin ƙarewar fitarwa, VP shine fitarwa na farko. A kowane lokaci, lokacin da aka san fitar da wutar lantarki V (T) na baturi, Vu (TU) za a iya ƙididdige shi, kuma ana samun daidaitaccen Tu ta hanyar daidaitaccen lanƙwasa, wanda bi da bi yana da yanayin caji (daidaicin ƙima yana cikin 10%, "Ya dace da yanayin da ke buƙatar ƙananan buƙatu).

Takaddun shaida [20] [21] yana amfani da nau&39;ikan fitarwa na farko daban-daban don dacewa da lokacin fitarwa daban-daban, ta lokaci-lokaci na waje na waje na waje mai gudana nauyi a cikin aiki, auna jerin nau&39;ikan ƙarfin aiki, kafa wutar lantarki, Zazzabi shine shigarwa, sauran lokacin shine fitarwa SOC blur tsarin kimantawa, don haka samun SOC na batirin wutar lantarki na monomer, wanda ke tsakanin 1%, wanda shine nau&39;in wutar lantarki. Wannan hanya na iya ƙididdige SOC na baturin akan layi, yana da tasiri mai kyau a cikin fitarwa na yau da kullun, amma baya aiki ga yanayin fitarwa na ƙaƙƙarfan juzu&39;i ko haɓakawa. 2.

5 Hanyar juriya ta ciki (haɗakarwa) na juriyar baturi a cikin baturi, juriya na ciki da aka yi niyya, RUSISTANCE, kuma suna da kusanci da SOC don aiwatar da ma&39;aunin kan layi. A cikin baturi yana cikin baturi daban-daban, ƙimar juriya na ciki ya bambanta, tsarin juriya na ciki (jagorar lantarki) hanya ita ce hango canjin SOC ta hanyar auna canjin juriya na ciki (hali) yayin aikin fitarwa. [ashirin da biyu].

Hakanan akwai jayayya akan aikace-aikacen hasashen juriya na ciki SOC. Takaddun shaida [23] Gwaji da ƙididdiga kan tafiyar da batirin gubar acid ɗin da ke sarrafa bawul ta amfani da ma&39;aunin ɗabi&39;a, an gano cewa lokacin fitarwa yana da alaƙa da ƙima da ƙimar gudanarwa, kuma ƙimar daidaitawa ta kai 0.825; a cikin ma&39;auni na IEEE 1188-1996, ana kuma ba da shawarar auna.

Wajabcin juriya na ciki, yana bayyana a sarari gwajin juriyar baturi aƙalla sau ɗaya kwata [24]. Amma wallafe-wallafen [26] [27], da sauran karfin baturin yana haifar da cewa: (1) Sakamakon Cathes yana nuna cewa: (1) Sakamakon CathesTrony) ba shi da canji, (1) Jewararrun ƙwallon ƙafa) ba shi da canji, (1) Jewararrun ƙwayoyin cuta) ba ta da canji, (1), kuma ƙwayoyin cuta) ba ta da canji, (1), kuma ƙwayoyin cuta) ba su da kashi 40% na baturi yana ƙaruwa da sauri; (2) Don fiye da 80% na iya aiki Ana amfani da baturin VRLA akan layi, kuma SOC na baturin ba za a iya gano shi a cikin layi ba bisa ga ƙimar juriya na ciki (aiki); (3) bisa ga ƙimar electrodide baturi ko ƙimar juriya na ciki, ana iya ƙididdige aikin baturi zuwa wani ɗan lokaci. Bayyanar rikice-rikice yana da alaƙa da hanyoyin ƙididdiga, galibi suna da alaƙa da daidaiton batirin da aka gwada da kansa da kuma majinin juriya na ciki (conductance).

Domin ko da masana&39;anta iri ɗaya, batch iri ɗaya, girman baturi iri ɗaya, juriya na ciki (haɗin kai) shima baya daidaitawa, wannan yana samuwa ne ta hanyar fasaha na masana&39;antun baturi. Kuma juriya na ciki na baturi kadan ne, kuma SOC ya canza, canje-canjen juriya na ciki ba su da girma, kuma idan daidaiton kayan aikin ma&39;auni bai dace da bukatun ba, zai zama da wuya a dace da dangantaka mai dacewa tsakanin juriya na ciki da sauran ƙarfin. Takaddun shaida [29] Ta hanyar ma&39;aunin ma&39;auni na impedance, an nuna cewa canje-canje a cikin juriya na sauti na ohm na iya nuna canje-canje a cikin SOC, amma lokacin da SOC ke ƙaruwa daga 16% zuwa 91%, juriya na ciki na ohmic kaɗan ne, kusan 0.

6mΩ. Kuma an ba da shawarar cewa lokacin da ƙarfin ciki na baturi ya canza zuwa hankali, akwai alaƙar aiki ta monotonic tsakanin siginar tashin hankali da ta dace da SOC, kuma kewayon canjin mitar yana da girma, kuma ana amfani da mitar batirin VRLA azaman watsa batirin SOC. Siffofin farko, wannan ka&39;idar har yanzu tana cikin matakin bincike.

A lokaci guda, wallafe-wallafe [30] yana ba da shawarar daidaita masana&39;anta ta zaɓin juriya na ciki (haɗaɗɗen) daidaitawar baturi ta zaɓin ƙarfin ciki (aiki) daidaitacce baturi a cikin yanayin amfani da baturi mai girma. Ƙirƙira, maimakon madaidaicin mai nuna alama kai tsaye azaman yanayin cajin baturi. Daga wallafe-wallafen na yanzu, bayanai, da juriya na ciki (hali) samfuran gwaji [31] [32] [33] [34] An yi amfani da shi ga tsarin juriya na ciki (halitta) zuwa gargaɗin gazawar baturi, kai tsaye ana amfani da shi zuwa hasashen SOC kaɗan (yawanci ana amfani dashi azaman ɗayan abubuwan da ke haifar da SOC) haɗe tare da hanyar ƙarfin lantarki, hanyar sadarwa ta jijiyoyi, da sauransu.

) [36]. Kuma wallafe-wallafen [30] sun kasance cikakke, lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki na baturin monomer ya wuce 80% na ƙimar tunani, baturin yana da al&39;ada, kuma ƙarfin yana da 80% ko fiye; lokacin da ƙimar gudanarwa ta kasance 60% -80% na ƙimar tunani. Ƙarfin yana da yuwuwar cewa ƙasa da 80%, baturin yana cikin yanayin "haɗari na yau da kullun", kuma ana buƙatar cikakken gwajin fitarwa; lokacin da ƙimar gudanarwa ta kasance 60% na ƙimar tunani, baturin yana cikin "haɗari mai tsanani", yana buƙatar sauyawa akan lokaci.

3 Hasashen Hasashen Hasashen Tsarin Tsari da Ƙimar Ƙimar Ƙimar SOC 2000, tsarin gano tsarin da tsarin ƙididdigewa ya fara amfani da ƙimar SOC na baturi, kuma a halin yanzu ya fi shahara a cikin bincike na gida da na waje. Yafi yin amfani da wasu sababbin hanyoyin (yafi manual Intelligence Algorithms) zuwa samfurin tsarin tsarin, wanda zai shafi daban-daban dalilai na SOC a cikin baturi model, da kuma tsarin da aka gane tsari da kuma siga da aka kiyasta da babban adadin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma samun baturi Dangantaka tsakanin wasu sigogi da SOC, sa&39;an nan kimanta SOC. Kwatankwacin dokar hanyar sadarwa ta wucin gadi, injin vector, hanyar tunani mai ban tsoro, da hanyar tace Kalman, da sauransu.

3.1 Hanyar hanyar sadarwar jijiyoyi Tunda baturin tsarin tsari ne mai rikitarwa, yana da wahala a kafa ingantaccen tsarin lissafi don cajinsa da tsarin fitarwa. Cibiyar sadarwa ta jijiyoyi tana da rarraba daidaitaccen magani, taswira mara kyau, da koyo na daidaitawa, da sauransu.

, wanda zai iya nuna mafi kyawun halayen halayen rashin daidaituwa, kuma zai iya ba da samfurori masu dacewa lokacin da akwai tashin hankali na waje, ta yadda za a iya kwatanta ƙarfin baturi zuwa wani nau&39;i na Features, kimanta SOC [36] [37]. Ƙididdiga mafi yawan baturi SOC yana amfani da hanyar sadarwa na wucin gadi mai hawa 3 na yau da kullun [38] [39]. Gabaɗaya tattara fitarwa na halin yanzu, ƙarfin wuta na ƙarshe, da zafin batirin kai tsaye, ko amfani da canjin canjin yanayin haɗe-haɗe na ma&39;aunin, ƙayyade shigar da motsin lantarki da juriya na ciki azaman ƙirar hanyar sadarwa na jijiyoyi, SOC azaman fitarwa.

Inda shigarwar, raƙuman raƙuman raɗaɗin fitarwa gabaɗaya ayyukan layi ne; Adadin madaidaitan nodes ɗin ya dogara da sarƙaƙƙiya da daidaiton bincike na matsalar, kuma ana iya ƙayyade shi gwargwadon saurin haɗuwa da kammala horo na hanyar sadarwa. Hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta wucin gadi ta dace da batura daban-daban, amma kuskuren yana shafar bayanan horo da hanyoyin horo, kuma akwai tsangwama amo da ke shafar koyo da aikace-aikacen cibiyar sadarwa a ainihin amfani. Daga wallafe-wallafen na yanzu, hanyar sadarwa na jijiyoyi galibi na ka&39;ida ne.

Takardun [40] [41] Wata hanyar Neural Network-Support Vector Machine (SVM) ana amfani da ita don ƙididdigar SOC na baturi don guje wa lahani a lokacin horo, mafi kyawun gida, da saurin haɗuwa. Kuma wallafe-wallafen [42] ya kara ba da shawarar yin hasashen baturin SOC ta amfani da na&39;ura mai haɗin gwiwa (RVM), wanda ya fi na&39;ura mai goyan baya, kuma samfurin tsinkaya kuma ya fi raguwa, amma algorithm ya fi rikitarwa, kuma wajibi ne a mamaye manyan albarkatun kwamfuta. 3.

2 Fuzzy Logic Flag Logic Law shine tsarin ƙirar baturi, wanda ya dogara akan shigarwar, bayanan gwajin fitarwa, kuma ba&39;a iyakance shi ta farkon sani, gogewa da ɗabi&39;a. Wannan hanyar gabaɗaya tana aiwatar da sigogi (kamar ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu, zazzabi, juriya na ciki, da sauransu) azaman madaidaicin shigarwar ƙirar (e.

g., ƙarfin lantarki, daidai da babban adadin bayanan gwajin halayen baturi, dangantakar dake tsakanin SOC da halin yanzu, ƙarfin lantarki, zafin jiki da sauran dalilai, Ƙirƙirar ƙa&39;idodi masu banƙyama da yin tunani mai banƙyama, ta hanyar maganin maganin rashin fahimta yana kimanta baturi SOC [43] [44] [45]. Babban hasara na hanyar dabara mai ban mamaki shine cewa ana buƙatar babban adadin bayanan gwaji don samun ƙa&39;idodin tunani masu ban mamaki da dabarun ƙwarewa bisa ga bayanan gwaji.

A halin yanzu ana amfani da wannan hanyar a cikin simulation da bincike na ka&39;idar, kuma ba a yi amfani da ita a zahiri ba. 3.3 Kalman tace ainihin ra&39;ayin Karman tace ka&39;idar shine mafi kyawun kimanta girman tsarin wutar lantarki, wanda ya shafi duka tsarin layi da tsarin mara tushe [46].

Lokacin amfani da hanyar tace Kalman don ƙididdige SOC, samfurin baturi wanda ya dace da kimantawar Kalman za a fara kafa shi, kuma samfurin dole ne ya kasance yana da fasali guda biyu: (1) Zai iya nuna mafi kyawun halayen baturin, yayin da tsari ba zai iya zama babba ba. Don rage yawan aikin sarrafawa, yana da sauƙin aiwatarwa; (2) Dole ne ƙirar ta yi daidai da alakar da ke tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na baturi da ƙarfin wutar lantarki, ta yadda zai ba da damar rufaffiyar madauki na madaidaicin madaidaici. Samfuran da&39;ira waɗanda aka saba amfani da su suna da ƙirar Randle (duba Hoto 1), ƙirar massimoceraolo, ƙirar thevenin, ƙirar Shepherd, da sauransu.

, duk sigogi suna jiran sigogi, suna buƙatar ƙididdige su bisa ga bayanan gwaji [47] [48]. Hoto 1 Model Batirin Randle A aikace-aikace masu amfani, hanyar tace Kalman yawanci ana amfani da ita tare da buɗe dokar wutar lantarki da aminci. Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ita ce: Lokacin amfani da wutar lantarki akan samfurin a matsayin tsarin, bayan da Kalman ya kiyasta ƙarfin wutar lantarki, ana amfani da shi don samun ƙarfin lantarki na baturi (ko bude wutar lantarki) ta amfani da dangantakar lissafi a cikin samfurin, kuma a ƙarshe dangantakar da ke tsakanin electromotive da SOC.

SOC. Sigar lissafin lissafin Calman na ƙirar baturi shine: Jiha Equation: (9) Ƙididdigar Lura: (10) Equation Equation: (11) Input Vector UK, yawanci ya haɗa da masu canji kamar halin yanzu baturi, zafin jiki, ƙarfin saura da juriya na ciki Sakamakon YK na tsarin yawanci shine ƙarfin aiki na baturi, kuma batirin SOC yana ƙayyade a cikin ma&39;auni na batir, xK yana samuwa ta hanyar adadin da aka samu, x K. gwajin, ωk, vk shine amo tsarin. Tushen ƙididdiga ta SOC algorithm shine kafa saitin ma&39;auni na maimaitawa ciki har da ƙididdigar SOC da nuna kurakuran ƙididdiga, kuma ana amfani da matrices ɗin haɗin gwiwa don ba da kewayon kuskuren ƙididdigewa.

Equation (11) shine lissafin yanayin yanayin baturi, wanda ke bayyana tushen SOC azaman matakin matsayi. Kalman tace zai iya kula da daidaito mai kyau a lokacin aikin ƙididdiga, kuma yana da tasiri mai karfi akan kuskuren farawa, wanda ke da tasiri mai tasiri akan amo. A halin yanzu, hasashen SOC na baturin abin hawa da aka fi amfani da shi a cikin canji na yanzu.

Dangane da tace Kalman, wallafe-wallafen [49] [50] [51] za su tsawaita hanyar tace Karman da Colorborne Karman don kimanta SOC. Babban rashin lahani na hanyar tace Kalman shine kiyasin daidaitonsa ya dogara da daidaiton tsarin da&39;ira na baturi, kuma kafa ingantaccen samfurin baturi shine mabuɗin algorithm. Wani hasara shi ne cewa aikin yana da girma, dole ne ku zaɓi samfurin baturi mai sauƙi kuma mai dacewa da mai sarrafawa da sauri.

3.4 Sauran Takardun Hanyar [52] Hanyar samfurin linzamin da aka ambata, ta yin amfani da ƙirar linzamin kwamfuta akan yanayin farko na kuskuren aunawa da kuskure, bisa babban adadin gwajin fitar da cajin baturi, kafa SOC da baturin canjinsa Lissafin layi na ƙarshen ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu, a cikin tsari (12), (13). Wannan hanyar ta dace da ƙananan halin yanzu, SOC yana canzawa sannu a hankali, amma wannan fasalin yana iyakance iyakokin amfani, kuma ba a gani a ainihin aikace-aikacen ba.

Inda SOC (k) shine ƙimar SOC na lokacin yanzu; △ SOC (k) shine canjin canjin SOC; V (k) da i (k) su ne ƙarfin lantarki da halin yanzu na lokacin yanzu. Β0, β1, β2, da β3 ƙididdige ƙididdigan ƙirar layi ne waɗanda aka samo ta amfani da bayanan tunani ta hanyar mafi ƙarancin murabba&39;ai. Littattafan [53] ya ba da shawarar cewa ƙirar ƙima mai sauƙi mai sauƙi (Narmax) ba ta dace ba, tsarin yana da sauƙi, saurin haɗuwa yana da alaƙa, da sauran abubuwan da ke tasiri na ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi da na yanzu sune shigarwar ƙirar, kuma ana amfani da SOC azaman ƙarar tsarin, kuma batirin SOC yana aiwatar da kimantawa na ainihi na lokaci-lokaci, kuskuren dangi shine kawai 1% damar yin amfani da wannan hanyar.

Yana gane samfurin (14) wanda Y (t) shine jerin SOC, U1 (T) shine jerin na yanzu, U2 (T) shine tsarin wutar lantarki. Takaddun shaida [54] Don alakar da ba ta kan layi ba tsakanin juriya na ciki na baturi da sauran ƙarfin, SOC na rukunin baturin abin hawa mai gauraya ana annabta ta hanyar ƙungiyar ƙirar GM (1, 1). Littattafan [55] sun kafa ma&39;auni na jihar SOC dangane da lokacin aminci, kuma yana ba da shawarar aikace-aikacen tacewa mai ƙarfi don tsinkayar SOC na baturi.

Ana iya gani daga hanyoyi daban-daban da aka kwatanta a sama. Ko hanya ce ta ƙirar ƙira ko tsarin gano tsarin da hanyar ƙididdige siga, yana dogara ne akan ma&39;aunin da aka auna na baturin (yafi ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu, juriya na ciki, zafin jiki, da sauransu) da sauran.

Dangantakar da ke tsakanin iya aiki ta dogara ne akan adadi mai yawa na gwaje-gwaje don kafa tsarin tsarin baturi mai tsayi don tsinkayar SOC. 4 Summary, Hanyar tsinkayar SOC tana shafar abubuwa da yawa (fitarwa na yanzu, ƙarfin lantarki, zafin jiki, zurfin fitarwa, juriya na ciki, ƙarancin electrolyte, fitar da kai, tsufa, da dai sauransu), fasahar tsinkaya na ragowar ƙarfin batirin VRLA da gininsa Samfurin yana da rikitarwa, kuma babu daidai kuma hanyar tsinkayar duniya.

Hanyoyin tsinkayar SOC daban-daban na sama suna da fa&39;ida, amma a cikin yanayi daban-daban na amfani, a cikin daidaiton tsinkaya daban-daban, yin amfani da hanyar tsinkaya guda ɗaya ba za ta iya biyan ainihin buƙatun ba, don haka ƙirƙira madaidaicin bayanan gano da&39;irori, ta amfani da hanyoyi da yawa don Haɗin Haɗin SOC, musamman haɗuwa da nau&39;ikan algorithms masu hankali da sabbin ka&39;idoji, SOC shine ainihin-lokaci, kan layi, ingantaccen hangen nesa na baturi.