Amabhethri amoshayo: Ungakwazi ukukulahla noma ungalahli?

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Uma othile ebuza: ingabe ibhethri eliwudoti akufanele ligaywe kabusha? Ngikholwa ukuthi abantu abaningi bazothi: Yebo, kufanele igaywe kabusha, ingcolise kakhulu imvelo! Kulo mbuzo, kusafanele sihlukane. Ngawo-1990s, izwe lami liye lakhuthaza ngamandla ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri alahlwayo ngenxa yokuthi ibhethri equkethwe ebhethrini nasezinsimbi ezisindayo njengezimo eziyingozi nempilo yabantu. Nokho, abukho ubuchwepheshe obuhle bokubhekana nalawa mabhethri agaywe kabusha.

Ngo-2003, i-State State Environmental Protection Administration yasungula ngokuhlanganyela uMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa, Umnyango Wezokwakha, Umnyango Wesayensi Nobuchwepheshe, kanye Nomnyango Wezohwebo, owamemezela "Inqubomgomo Yenqubomgomo Yokungcoliswa Kwebhethri Lemfucuza". Khomba ngokusobala: ngaphansi kokuntuleka kwezimo zobuchwepheshe ezisebenzayo zokugaywa kabusha, akukhuthazwa ukuqoqa amabhethri alahlwayo afinyelele i-mercury ephansi kazwelonke noma angenayo i-mercury. Ngakho-ke, ingabe kukhona ukungcola ebhethrini? Kunjalo! Kodwa-ke, leli bhodwe elimnyama akufanele livumele amabhethri omile alahlwayo abuyele emuva.

Ngokuvamile, imikhiqizo yebhethri ingahlukaniswa ngamabhethri ayisisekelo (avame ukusetshenziswa kuqala, No. 5, 7 amabhethri omile nezinkinobho). Kungokwamabhethri angasindi, asetshenziswa kakhulu); amabhethri esibili (amabhethri aphinde ashajwe, ukusetshenziswa okubalulekile komakhalekhukhwini, amakhamera edijithali namakhompyutha) kanye nebhethri (umumo omkhulu, obalulekile ezimotweni nasezimotweni zikagesi) izigaba ezintathu.

Mayelana ne-No. 5, No. Amabhethri omile angu-7 afinyelele izwe ngebhethri eliphansi le-mercury noma i-mercury-free, singakubiza ngokuthi: ibhethri engalahlwa.

Lawa mabhethri angalahlwa ngokuqondile ngeke abangele izinkinga zokungcoliswa kwemvelo ngemva kokusetshenziswa kukagesi. Kunconywa ukuthi uthole kude nemfucuza yasekhaya, ukwelashwa kokuhlakazwa, ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa kwe-leachate, njll., futhi ekugcineni ukhiphe udoti.

I-concentration of concentration igxilile, futhi iwumthombo omkhulu wokungcola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitaki sebhethri esidala esiqoqwe esidala sifakwa ecezwini, okungase kubangele ukuvuza kwensimbi esindayo ngenxa yokungqubuzana. Qaphela: Ungaliphonsi emapulazini noma ezindaweni ezimanzi.

Uma ucwile, ukungcola okuthile kwenzeka. Kukhona nekilasi: ibhethri lisafuna ukululama. I-"Waste Battery Pollution and Treatment Policy Policy" iveze ukuthi iqoqo lamabhethri alahlwayo ibhethri le-cadmium-nickel, ibhethri le-hydrogen-nickel, ibhethri le-lithium-ion, ibhethri le-lead-acid, nokunye okufana nebhethri eliyisisekelo elingenawo udoti.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iphinde ibeke ukuthi abakhiqizi, abangenisa kwamanye amazwe, abakhiqizi, abangenisa kwamanye amazwe, kanye nabakhiqizi bamabhethri ashajwa kabusha noma amabhethri amabhakede kufanele bathwale isibopho sokubuyisela lawa mabhethri alahlwa ngenhla. Ngakho-ke, ibhethri elishajekayo, ibhethri lezinkinobho, nebhethri nebhethri kuphezulu. Uma ukuvuza sekwenzekile, ngeke kungcolise indawo ezungezile kuphela, kodwa futhi kufake izingozi emzimbeni womuntu, ibhethri elinjalo kufanele ligaywe kabusha ngokungenabungozi ngumkhiqizi noma umthengisi.

Imibono yochwepheshe ngeShanghai Electric Power School, Shanghai University Electric Power Corrosion Control and Application Electrochemistry Key Laboratory Iphini likaMqondisi Zhang Junxi Ngemva kuka-2006, ukuthengiswa kwamabhethri omile ngokuyisisekelo kuye kwaqaphela i-mercury, akusaqukethe izinsimbi ezisindayo eziyingozi kubantu nasemvelweni. Ibhethri elomile elingalahlwa yimfucuza liphathwa ngodoti ojwayelekile wasekhaya, kodwa akunangqondo. Ayikho enye insimbi yensimbi emvelweni.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nebhethri elomile likadoti, sithela phezu kwebhethri elidala, sibe silokhu sicofa amaminerali emvelo, sifaka insimbi ecebile, futhi sigubha ubumpofu. Kumelwe kusungulwe indlela ephelele yokulawula ukutholwa kwebhethri, eqondisa abasebenzisi ukuthi bathumele ibhethri endaweni eqokiwe kunokuphosa, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugaywa kabusha okuphelele. Eqinisweni, uhlelo olufanele lokuthola ibhethri likadoti kufanele lube ngendlela yokuthi abakhiqizi bamabhethri bathengisele abantu amabhethri.

Ngemva kokusetshenziswa komphakathi, zifakwa ebhokisini lokubuyisela. Ibhethri elisebhokisini lomamukeli liyaqoqwa futhi, lifingqa inkampani egaya kabusha amabhethri, Inkampani Yokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri ikhipha izinto eziwusizo kumabhethri alahlwayo, inikeze umenzi webhethri njengento eluhlaza yokukhiqiza amabhethri. Lokhu kuqeda umjikelezo wezinto ezinhle, akukho mfucuza evelayo futhi ededelwa endaweni ezungezile, yakhe ukungcola okungase kube khona.

Kodwa-ke, uhlelo lwamanje lokugaywa kabusha ngokuyisisekelo lufika ebhokisini lokubuyisela, elenza amabhethri emfucuza amaningi agcinwe emhlabeni wonke, futhi inani liya ngokuya likhula. Inani likhulu ngokwezinga elithile, elidlula amandla emvelo futhi libe izehlakalo zokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, amanye amazwe emhlabeni angabhekana kanjani namabhethri alahlwayo? Amazwe e-EU aphoqelela wonke amabhethri emfucuza kuwo wonke amabhethri emfucuza ayindawo enemininingwane kakhulu emhlabeni.

Ngo-2006, i-EU yethula imiyalelo yohlaka yokulawulwa kwamaseli kadoti, okubizwa ngokuthi "i-oda lebhethri". Ngokwalo myalelo, amazwe angamalungu e-EU kufanele abuyisele zonke izinhlobo zamabhethri aphathekayo ngokwakha eyawo imithetho. Kukhona impendulo ecacile ku-"Electrical Order": 1.

Wonke amabhethri aqukethe izinto eziyingozi; Okwesibili, umyalelo wangaphambilini ubalulekile ukuphatha amabhethri ayingozi (okungukuthi, i-mercury, i-cadmium, ibhethri eliholayo), kodwa ukuzijwayeza kubonisa ukuthi Ukwenza kabusha wonke amabhethri kuphakeme kunalokho okuqoqwe ibhethri eliphathwayo elilodwa;. I-Germany, enye yamazwe asungulwe Angamalungu e-EU, iwukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri nokugaywa kabusha kokugaywa kabusha. Indlela ephumelelayo eya eJalimane ekuphathweni kukadoti ukusungula uhlelo lokuzibophezela komuntu okhiqizayo.

Umthetho wase-Germany ubeka ukuthi abakhiqizi bebhethri noma abameleli bezinkampani zangaphandle kufanele banikeze izimali, inkokhelo, ukuphatha kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwezindleko zizonke, abakhiqizi noma abameleli bezinkampani zangaphandle, futhi babe nomphumela wemali yokuqoqwa kwenkokhelo. Izimali ezikhokhelwa umphakathi zokucubungula kanye nokugaywa kabusha kusetshenziswa amabhethri alahlwayo. Kungenxa yokusungulwa kwalolu hlelo, uhulumeni nomphakathi bakhululeke kakhudlwana, futhi uhulumeni angabeka amandla engeziwe ekuqondiseni uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha, futhi umphakathi ungasebenzisa le nsizakalo ukusiza umkhiqizi.

Ubuchwepheshe bokuphatha ibhethri likadoti lwase-US oluvuthiwe iMelika ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri, inani eliphelele lebhethri elisetshenzisiwe nelishiywe lingafinyelela ezigidini zezigidi. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulimala kwebhethri emvelweni, uhulumeni wase-US kanye nezizimele bathathe izinyathelo ezithile, umphumela usobala. Ngo-1996, i-US Federal Environmental Protection Agency yakhipha "I-Mercury Battery and Rechargeable Battery Management Law", evimbela ukuthengisa amabhethri omile aqukethe i-mercury.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium kanye ne-lead-acid aphinde ashajwe kufanele asetshenziswe kabusha abathengisi. Futhi idluliselwe ezinkampanini ezingenzi nzuzo ukuze zigaywe kabusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-United States nayo inohlelo olujwayelekile lokulawulwa kwemfucuza eyingozi.

Imfucumfucu eyingozi evamile ingeyemfucuza eyingozi, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukwelapha udoti ojwayelekile wasekhaya. Okwamanje, imfucuza eyingozi yendawo yonke ngaphandle kwebhethri, okuhlanganisa izibulala-zinambuzane, amathuluzi aqukethe i-mercury namashubhu aqukethe i-mercury. Mayelana nalokhu kumoshakala, uHulumeni Wombuso wase-US wethule indinganiso enemininingwane ebandakanya umsebenzi ohlobene nenqubo yokulahlwa, ukugcinwa, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, impendulo ephuthumayo, njll.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani zase-US zinesistimu yezinsiza zamabhethri ezilahliwe ezivuthiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwelapha obungenabungozi; inqobo nje uma ohulumeni basekhaya sebesungule uhlelo olufanelekile lokugaywa kabusha, lawa mabhethri angaphathwa ngendlela efanele. Ukulahleka kwensiza yebhethri emoshakalayo yase-Taiwan Phesheya kwezilwandle I-Taiwan isiqalile ukufaka wonke amabhethri emfucumfucu kukhathalogi yomkhiqizo ogaywa kabusha waminyaka yonke, edinga abakhiqizi bebhethri ukuthi basebenzise kabusha amabhethri amoshekile futhi bawaphathe kumaphrosesa aqeqeshiwe. Uma umkhiqizi enza ubudedengu, uzobhekana nesijeziso sokudayisa.

Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kweshumi yokusebenza kanzima, i-Taiwan inephoyinti lokubuyisela ibhethri elilahlekile, futhi izinga lokutholwa kwamabhethri alahlwayo selifinyelele ngaphezu kwama-40%. Le mpumelelo idlula izinga lamazwe amaningi e-EU. Kungenxa yezinga lokutholwa kwamabhethri emfucuza, ngakho-ke kwakha umphumela wesilinganiso somnotho, udoti wokuqala ohlakaziwe ugxilile, kodwa uba ukugetshengwa.

Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokusekelwa okwanele kukahulumeni, izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe zinenzuzo ekuxhaseni nasekuthengeni ubuchwepheshe, ziphakamisa intengo yokuthengwa kwezinsiza zebhethri ezilahlwayo, ngaphezu kwengxenye yamaseli emfucumfucu athuthelwa eYurophu, eJapane, eNingizimu Korea, e-USA nakwamanye amazwe. Izinsimbi ezinenani eliphakeme njenge-iron, i-manganese ne-zinc equkethwe esitokisini sikadoti, azizange zihlale ochungechungeni lwezimboni zendawo yendawo. I-Japan Hlola I-Perfect Processing Technology Japan ukuze ugcine okunye.

Iseli likadoti liwukuthola kabusha okuhlukile noma okuxutshwe nokulahlwa kukadoti okuvamile, futhi isinqumo siwukuthi uhulumeni wasekhaya. Kodwa-ke, kufakazele ukuthi iningi lamabhethri alahlwayo atholwe ohulumeni basekhaya. Iningi lawo lizophathwa izibambi zebhethri ezingochwepheshe futhi ligaywe kabusha, futhi aliqoqwa amabhethri alahlwayo.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amazwe abalulekile emhlabeni abelokhu ethuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula ibhethri elilahlwayo elingasebenza kangcono ekusetshenzisweni, kodwa awazange athole ukucatshangelwa kwazo zonke izici (okuhlanganisa ukunciphisa umthelela wendawo, ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kwezinsiza, ukonga amandla kanye nokonga izindleko). Indlela elungile. Ngakho-ke, imboni yebhethri yase-Japan izoqhubeka nokuqoqa futhi itadishe amasu ahlobene namabhethri alahlwayo, futhi ikhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri angenayo i-mercury emhlabeni jikelele ngomthelela womkhiqizi wamabhethri wase-Japan waphesheya kwezilwandle.