Cishe amathani angama-200,000 webhethri ye-lithium eguquguqukayo, yini ongakusindisa?

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Pārnēsājamas spēkstacijas piegādātājs

Ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri lamandla kulethe "ukuqinisa ukupela". UMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi umemezele ulwazi lwakamuva, ibhethri lezwe lami lokugcina amandla liqoqwe ngaphezu kuka-131GWH, isikali sezimboni sikleliswe kuqala. Uma kucatshangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri kuvamise ukuba yiminyaka emi-5 kuya kweyisi-8, amabhethri emoto yamandla amasha ezimoto noma izimoto eziphile isikhathi eside athuthukiswa ngo-2009 kuya ku-2012 ayasuswa.

Ngokukalwa okuphelele kwe-Automotive Technology Research Center yezwe lami, 2020, imoto yomgibeli yezwe lami (okuhlanganisa ne-plug-in) yomgibeli kanye nebhethri yemoto yomgibeli enqwabelene yevolumu izofinyelela kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-12-17. Ibhethri elikhulu kangaka lamandla selifikile esikhathini sokuyeka ukusebenza. Uma ungalahli kahle futhi ukwandise ukusetshenziswa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzosongela ukuphepha komphakathi, okubangela ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okunzima, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzophinde kudale ukuchithwa kwemithombo yensimbi ebalulekile.

Ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion enamandla, sekuseduze. Ngo-2018, Ukuqubuka Kwezimboni, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi ukhiphe uchungechunge lwezinqubomgomo ze "Izinyathelo Zesikhashana Zokuphathwa Kabusha Kwe-New Energy Automobile Power Battery Recycling Management", ebonise ukuthi "i-lithium-ion ashukumisayo yokubuyiswa kwebhethri" isizongena esigabeni sokuphatha esijwayelekile; okwesibili kulo nyaka UMnyango Wezimboni Nezokwazisa weminyaka engu-12 umemezele "Umbiko Wokucwaninga Wokuphinda Ugaywe kabusha kwebhethri ye-Energy Automobile Power", waphinda wabika ngokuvimbela nokwelashwa kokungcoliswa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion. Ngo-2019, amaseshini amabili kazwelonke aphakanyiswe ngokucacile esihlokweni esithi "isiphakamiso sokusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa ukuze kwakhiwe iketango lenani lebhethri le-lithium-ion elisha elinamandla ashukumisayo".

, Ilogo, ukupakisha, ezokuthutha, kanye nokunikezelwa okumisiwe, ukuqaqa indawo engashintshi, njll., kukhiphe uchungechunge lwezindlela zokuphatha nezindlela zokulawula; Yakha isistimu yokuhlanganisa yebhethri ye-lithium-ion yamandla amasha. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubomgomo zikazwelonke, izindlela ezithuthukiswe kuzo zonke izingxenye zicophelela kakhulu.

Uhulumeni waseBeijing-Tianjin-Hebei umemezele ngoDisemba 2018, indlela yokuqaliswa kokuphinda isetshenziswe kabusha kwebhethri lamandla emoto yamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendawo yaseBeijing-Tianjin-Hebei, "ukuhlakazwa kwebhethri okumoshayo okungu-2-4 kanye nezitshalo zokusebenzisa iladi kwaqedwa ngo-2020. I-Shenzhen City ihlongoza ngokuqondile inkampani ethengisa izimoto zamandla amasha, ngokusho kwe-20 yuan / kW, i-akhawunti ekhethekile ejwayelekile yokutholwa kwebhethri yokugcina amandla, kanye no-50% wenkampani ethunyelwe ekubuyiselweni kwebhethri yokugcina amandla ngokuvumelana nezidingo zocwaningo. Nikeza uxhaso lwenkampani, izimali zomxhaso zamabhethri okugcina amandla.

I-Shenzhen iphinde yaba idolobha lokuqala ukusungula umxhaso onamandla wokutholwa kwebhethri le-lithium-ion. Ngaphansi kwezinqubomgomo ezinzima kangaka, izinkampani eziningi ziye zaqala ukukhomba "ikhekhe elisha" lesistimu yokubuyisela ibhethri yokugcina amandla. Eqinisweni, ngo-2018, imakethe yokubuyisela ibhethri ye-lithium-ion enamandla kadoti ifinyelele ku-5 billion yuan, 2020 kuya ku-2023, isikali semakethe yokubuyisela ibhethri ye-lithium-ion enamandla kadoti sizokwenyuka siye ku-136-31.

1 bhiliyoni yuan. Ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion, kwangenisa ukuqubuka komkhakha wayo. Imodi yasekhaya yokuvuselela kabusha izokwakhiwa, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion esekwe ngamandla.

Esinye isikhungo esiyinhloko sisebenzisa ukwakhiwa kweshaneli yokuthengisa kanye nesistimu yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri eseyathatha umhlalaphansi, ukugaywa kabusha kokunikezelwa kwebhethri eselithathe umhlalaphansi okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwenkampani ukuphatha noma ukusebenzisana nokubambisana kwayo nevelu yayo eyinsalela. I-Beiqi Xin Energy, i-Guangqi Mitsubishi kanye nezinye izimboni ezingu-45 ezisingatha izimboni zisungule izindawo zokudayisa ezingu-3204, ezibalulekile endaweni yaseBeijing-Tianjin-Tianbei, unxantathu omude, iPearl River Delta kanye nezimoto zamandla amaphakathi, futhi zibalulekile esitolo se-4S Existence. Enye ingxenye yesithathu njengendikimba eyinhloko, ngokwesitebhisi, ivuselela ukusetshenziswa kwenkampani ukuze isebenzisane nezimoto, inkampani ekhiqiza amabhethri, ukwakha inethiwekhi yesevisi yokugaya kabusha okwabelwana ngayo, ukugaywa kabusha kwendawo eyodwa kwezimoto zamandla amasha ezimotweni zamandla amasha.

Phakathi kwazo, igridi yamandla kazwelonke yakhe iladi e-Beijing Daxing naseZhangbei, okuwumbukiso wesistimu yokugcina amandla ebhethri ye-ion ye-lithium-manganese ene-asidi, futhi yakha inkundla yokuhlola yokuhlola ibhethri yokuyeka ukusebenza, esungule uhlelo olusebenzayo noluthembekile lokulawula ibhethri. I-Beijing consissers core ithuthukise iladi lokusebenzisa isistimu yokugcina i-optical, futhi yakha uhlelo olunamandla lokuhlola iphakethe lebhethri ngokusekelwe kudatha enkulu. I-Beijing Pleide ne-Beiqi kanye nokunye ukubambisana kusebenzisa iphrojekthi yesiteshi samandla okugcina amandla, iphrojekthi yokugcina iziqukathi, njll.

I-BYD, inkampani ye-Guoxuan High-class isebenzisa ibhethri lamandla eselithathe umhlalaphansi, ikhiqiza iladi isebenzisa imikhiqizo yebhethri emkhakheni wokulungiselela. I-Wuxi Green Mei kanye ne-SF Company bahlole ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri ezimotweni zokuthutha zasemadolobheni, i-Zhongtiahong, njll. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi uma umthamo webhethri lamandla wehliswa waba ngu-80% noma ngaphansi, awukwazi ukuhlangabezana ngokugcwele nesidingo samandla emoto, kodwa ungasetshenziswa kwezinye izinkambu.

Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yenani elincane lebhethri yokugcina amandla, iladi lisetshenziswa esiteji sokubonisa sokuhlola, esigxile emikhakheni kagesi, ukugcinwa kwamandla. Ukwengeza, kusukela ekwakhiweni kwemvelo, ukulawulwa kokukhiqiza kuya ekwabelaneni ngolwazi, kusenezinkinga eziningi emkhakheni wesitebhisi, njengokukhetha okuluhlaza, ukwakheka okujwayelekile nokuguquguqukayo, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sokuqaqa okulula, kanye nomzila olula, ukuklama, njll.; imikhiqizo yebhethri yamandla Kusenomehluko wokungaguquguquki; inkampani ye-industrial chain upstream ayinayo indlela yezivumelwano zokuxhumana, idatha yomlando, njll.

njll.;. Ngokungafani nokusetshenziswa komthengisi, kusesesigabeni sokuhlola, futhi ukusetshenziswa okuvuselelekayo kwebhethri yemfucuza manje sekwenze isikali esithile.

Ngokukhethekile, ukuhlakazwa, u-Hubei Greenmei, u-Hunan Bangpu, njll., kusungule ikhithi yokuhlakaza ezenzakalelayo, i-Beijing Saidi ithuthukise inqubo yokuhlehlisa i-electrolyte ne-diaphragm. Ukuvuselelwa kusebenzisa umthetho we-metallurgy omanzi kanye nokulungisa umzimba.

Mayelana ne-metallurgy emanzi, i-Hunan Bangpu ithuthukise ubuchwepheshe "bokujikeleza kokuqondisa kanye nokuhlehla komkhiqizo", u-Hubei Greenmei uthuthukise ubuchwepheshe "bokuhlanganisa i-liquid phase synthesis kanye nokushisa okuphezulu". Mayelana nokulungisa umzimba, iSaidi izenzakalela nge-monomer yebhethri, futhi ihlukaniswa futhi ihlungwe ngezinqubo zokulungisa izinto. Nokho, imboni eshiwo ngenhla isenezinga lokutakula elingelona eliphezulu, futhi ukuhambisana kokutholwa kwamabhethri amaningi akuqinile.

Kuze kube manje, ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamazwe afanelekile namazinga emboni kusakhula ngesivinini. Kungenjalo, njengomuntu ophethe igatsha lendawo le-Tower yezwe lami, "Ekusebenzeni kwangempela, imodeli yebhizinisi yokugaya kabusha yamabhethri e-lithium-ion aguqukayo ayikavuthwa. Ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri le-lithium-ion okuguquguqukayo manje kusesigabeni sokuqala ".

Uhlelo lwe-De / Day / lwase-US lokuphinda lugaywe kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion oluguquguqukayo, ulwazi oluhlobene ne-Volkswagen yaseJalimane noma inkomba. Kubandakanya i-Japan, i-United States, njll. futhi isivele isungule uhlelo lwayo lokubuyisela ibhethri le-lithium-ion olunamandla.

Umphakathi usanda kumemezela ukugaywa kabusha kwezinto zebhethri ze-lithium-ion, futhi inhloso yesikhathi esifushane ukufeza ukugaywa kabusha kwamathani ayi-1200 wezinto zebhethri ngonyaka ngo-2020. Uhlelo luzoqala ngemboni yakwaSalzgitter eduze kwaseBraunschweig. AbakwaVolkswagen bamemezele ukuthi kwakhiwa ulayini wokukhiqiza wokuhlola ukuze kubuyiselwe amandla akhona amaphakethe ebhethri e-lithium-ion.

Izonciphisa ukukhishwa kwayo kwekhabhoni ngokunciphisa i-e-waste kanye nezinto ezingavuthiwe, kuyilapho ihlinzeka ngezinto zamabhethri ezidingekayo ezimotweni zikagesi eziyizigidi eziyi-15 eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. “Sekuphele iminyaka eyishumi sifunda indlela yokubuyisela izinto zokusetshenziswa. Okubaluleke kakhulu kwalokhu i-cobalt, i-lithium, i-manganese ne-nickel, "Umqondisi Wokuhlela Ubuchwepheshe bakwaVolkswagen uThomastiedje uthe isivele inokuqoqwa kobuchwepheshe bebhethri obuqhubekayo, futhi isathuthuka.

Kuyaqondakala ukuthi iVolkswagen isizokwethula iqoqo lokuqala lamabhethri ochungechungeni lwemodeli ethi "ID" olusekelwe kuplathifomu ye-MEB luzothunyelwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kulo nyaka. Umthamo wokwenza kabusha usulungele ukuqedwa ngo-2020, inhloso yokuqala ukubuyisela amathani ayi-1200 ngonyaka. Okubalulekile, lokhu kulingana namasethi angu-3000 wesistimu yebhethri.

AbakwaVolkswagen balindele ukuthi ibhethri elisha lohlobo lwemoto kagesi lizophinde lisetshenziswe. "Ngenxa yokuthi isikali sebhethri lemoto sizoba sikhulu kakhulu, sizimisele kakhulu ukugaywa kabusha futhi sizakhele awabo amandla okugaywa kabusha kanye nohlelo." Kusho uTiedje.

Umgomo wesikhathi eside wakwaVolkswagen wokwenza kabusha ibhethri le-lithium-ion eliguquguqukayo uwukubuyisela u-97% wezinto zokusetshenziswa, ezingaphezu kuka-53% weVolkswagen namuhla. Futhi imboni entsha ye-Salzgitter izokwenyusa lesi silinganiso sifike ku-72% kusukela manje. Endleleni yokugaya kabusha, ibhethri le-EV elibuyela emphakathini lizohlolwa njengenye yezindlela ezimbili.

Eyokuqala inketho ethi "Second Life", engafaka esiteshini sokushaja nendawo yokugcina amandla. Emisebenzini emikhulu, njengomthombo wamandla ayisipele, kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa izimoto zikagesi zihlinzeka ngezimoto zikagesi zokuhamba amabanga amade ekushajweni kwempi yokushaja okusheshayo. Uma ungakwazi ukukhetha impilo yesibili yesevisi, uzongena indlela yesibili, ibhethri le-EV lizogaywa kabusha ku-Salzgitter.

"Kule nqubo, izingxenye zebhethri ngazinye zizosikwa kuqala, bese okokusebenza kuzokoma futhi kuhlungwe, bese kukhishwe<000000>#39;Impushana emnyama<000000>#39;Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile ze-cobalt, i-lithium, i-manganese ne-nickel, kuzohlukaniswa ngokwehlukana, bese kutholakala ukuze kukhiqizwe amabhethri amasha futhi. "I-Volkswagen ithe, eqenjini lonke, ngo-2025, imoto yayo izoba namandla ebhethri angu-150GWH ngonyaka, okulingana nezindleko zokuthenga izinto eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-50. Ngokukhetha inketho yomnotho oyindilinga, inkampani isho ukuthi izokonga ukwelashwa kwemfucuza ebizayo kanye nezindleko zokuthenga izinto zokusetshenziswa, ngakho imboni ye-Salzgitter inezindleko zezindleko zomphakathi.

Ngasikhathi sinye, iphrojekthi iphinde isize iVolkswagen ethonyeni lemakethe kanye nezici ze-geopolitical, njengesidingo se-lithium yomhlaba wonke esidingekayo ukusekela izimoto zikagesi noma ukwenyuka kwezimayini ze-cobalt kwehle emazweni akhiqizayo. Eqinisweni, ngendlela efanayo, izindleko, ukuhlinzeka, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, njll. Kubandakanya i-Toyota, i-Daimler, i-BMW, ​​i-Nissan nezinye izinkampani zezimoto ziye zanyakaza ngempela kulo mkhakha eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kanye nendlela ebalulekile yokuhlela ngokuhlanganyela ngokubambisana nezinkampani zamabhethri nezinkampani zezinto zokwakha.

Ngaso leso sikhathi, okuhlanganisa i-United States, i-Japan, i-Australia kanye namanye amazwe nawo enze umklamo nokuhlela okuphezulu kusuka ezingeni lenqubomgomo: eJapane, ngo-September ngonyaka odlule, i-Japanese Automobile Manufacturers Association kanye ne-Japanese Economic Industry kanye nesifundazwe bahlele izinkampani eziningi zezimoto ukuthi ziqale ukukhuthaza. Iphrojekthi yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion, inhloso ukusungula uhlelo olusebenzayo noluqhubekayo lokutakula ibhethri, oluthwalwa yizo zonke izinhlangothi. Inhlangano ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Japanese Automobile Circular Use Collaboration izoba nesibopho sokusebenzisa amabhizinisi ahlangene axhaswe abakhiqizi abaningi bezimoto.

I-United States, okwamanje, izinga lokuqoqwa nokutholwa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion lingaphansi kuka-5%. Muva nje, uMnyango Wezamandla wase-US (i-DOE yethule isikhungo sokuqala sokubuyisela ibhethri i-lithium-ion esibizwa nge-Recell Center. Umgomo we-DOE ukunciphisa izindleko zebhethri zibe ngu-$80 (cishe ama-yuan angu-480), futhi ubuyisele u-90% wezinto ezibalulekile ebhethrini eliqoqiwe.

Abahlanganyeli esikhungweni se-Recell bazogxila ezindaweni ezine ezibalulekile zocwaningo ukuze kuzuzwe ukubuyiselwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion enenzuzo, lapho imboni yamukelwa khona: Okokuqala, ukuvuselela okuqondile okuqondile, okugxilwe kuzothuthukisa inqubo yokuvuselela kabusha, kuzobuyiselwa ngokuqondile Imikhiqizo yebhethri entsha ngaphandle kokucubungula okubizayo; okwesibili, ukubuyisela ezinye izinto, kugxile ekudaleni ubuchwepheshe obungakwazi ukubuyisela ngokomnotho ezinye izinto zebhethri, ngaleyo ndlela zinikeze imithombo eyengeziwe yemali engenayo. Okwesithathu idizayini yokugaywa kabusha, ezothuthukisa idizayini yebhethri entsha, ukulungiselelwa ukwenza amabhethri esikhathi esizayo alulame kalula; ezine ukuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa amathuluzi wokumodela nokuhlaziya ukusiza ukuqondisa indlela esebenzayo yokuqondisa u-R <000000> D nokuqinisekisa umsebenzi ngaphakathi kwesikhungo.