Menene Fayilolin Solar?

1. Menene Fayilolin Solar?

Fannin hasken rana, wanda kuma aka sani da tsarin hoto-voltaic (PV) ko PV panel, shine taron sel na hasken rana na hotovoltaic da aka saka a cikin firam (yawanci rectangular). Fannin hasken rana suna ɗaukar hasken rana a matsayin tushen makamashi mai haske, wanda ke canzawa cikin makamashin lantarki ta hanyar wutar lantarki kai tsaye (DC).

Tsarin tsari mai kyau na tsarin hasken rana ana kiransa tsarin photovoltaic ko hasken rana. Za a iya amfani da tsararraki na tsarin photovoltaic don samar da hasken rana wutar lantarki da ke ba da kayan lantarki kai tsaye, ko mayar da wutar lantarki zuwa grid na yanzu (AC) ta tsarin inverter. Wannan wutar lantarki na iya sannan a yi amfani da shi don samar da wutar lantarki da gidaje, gine-gine, da sauran aikace-aikace ko adana su baturi don amfani daga baya. A matsayin tushen makamashi mai sabuntawa kuma mai dorewa, hasken rana bangarori suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rage dogaro ga albarkatun mai da taimako rage fitar da iskar carbon.

2. Tsarin Dabarun Rana

Ƙungiyoyin Rana sun ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na ƙwayoyin hasken rana kuma suna amfani da makamashin haske (hotuna) daga Rana don samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar tasirin hoto. Hakanan ya haɗa da takardar baya, firam da akwatin junction, da wataƙila mai maida hankali, duka daga cikinsu suna aiki tare don tabbatar da aiki na yau da kullun na masu amfani da hasken rana.

Menene Kwayoyin Rana?

Kwayoyin hasken rana na'urori ne na lantarki waɗanda ke canza hasken rana zuwa lantarki makamashi ta hanyar tasirin photovoltaic kuma yawancin su sune crystalline na tushen wafer Silicon Kwayoyin ko siriri-film Kwayoyin. Hakanan, babban farashi, inganci mai inganci, da Kusa-da-kusa da sel masu junction da yawa (MJ) ana amfani da su a cikin hasken rana bangarori akan jiragen sama, yayin da suke bayar da mafi girman rabon da aka samar da wutar lantarki An ɗaga kilogiram zuwa sararin samaniya. Yawanci ana haɗa sel ta hanyar lantarki a ciki jerin, juna zuwa ga irin ƙarfin lantarki da ake so, sa'an nan a layi daya don ƙarawa halin yanzu.

Menene bayanan baya?

A matsayin polymer ko hade da polymers tare da daban-daban Additives, backsheet an ƙera shi don samar da shinge tsakanin ƙwayoyin rana da waje muhalli. Daga abin da za mu iya ganin bayanan baya shine muhimmin sashi a cikin karko, inganci, da kuma tsawon lokacin aikin hasken rana.

Menene encapsulant?

Sau da yawa ana lulluɓe ƙwayoyin hasken rana da abin rufe fuska, wanda yawanci sirara ne Layer na wani polymer abu da ake shafa a kan hasken rana Kwayoyin da takardar bayan gida. Gabaɗaya mafi yawan polymer da aka yi amfani da su wajen haɗa kayan aikin hasken rana shi ne ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), wanda yake da tsayi sosai don kare hasken rana sel daga kowane irin lalacewa da kuma tsawaita tsawon rayuwar hasken rana.

Menene frame?

Firam ɗin tsarin hasken rana yana nufin goyan bayan tsarin da ke riƙe da yana kare sel na hasken rana, wayoyi da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin panel. Yana da da aka yi da aluminium ko wasu abubuwa masu nauyi don hana bangarori daga matsananci tasirin yanayi. A lokaci guda kuma firam ɗin yana ba da hanyar hawa panel ɗin amintacce akan saman, kamar rufin ko tarkacen ƙasa. A ciki Bugu da kari, masu amfani da hasken rana kuma suna amfani da firam ɗin ƙarfe wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwan tarawa, brackets, siffofi masu nuna, da tarkace don mafi kyawun tallafawa panel tsari.

Menene junction box?

A matsayin shingen lantarki da ake amfani da shi don gida da kare haɗin wutar lantarki, an ƙera akwatin junction na musamman don samar da yanayi mai aminci da tsaro don haɗin wutar lantarki don hana hulɗar haɗari tare da wayoyi masu rai da don sauƙaƙa gyara ko gyara nan gaba. Yawancin lokaci an haɗa akwatin junction na PV zuwa baya na solar panel da ayyuka a matsayin fitarwa dubawa. Na waje haɗi don yawancin kayan aikin hotovoltaic suna amfani da masu haɗin MC4 don sauƙaƙe sauƙi Haɗin haɗin yanayi zuwa sauran tsarin. Kebul na wutar lantarki zai iya kuma a yi amfani da shi.

Menene maida hankali?

Wasu nau'ikan PV na hasken rana na musamman sun haɗa da masu tattara hankali waɗanda haske ke mai da hankali a cikinsu ta ruwan tabarau ko madubi akan ƙananan sel. Wannan yana ba da damar amfani da sel tare da a babban farashi a kowane yanki (kamar gallium arsenide) a cikin farashi mai inganci Hanya.[citation need] Tattaunawar hasken rana kuma yana iya haɓaka inganci zuwa kusan 45%.

3.Tarihin Cigaban Tayoyin Rana

A cikin 1839, ikon wasu kayan don ƙirƙirar cajin lantarki daga Masanin kimiyyar lissafi dan kasar Faransa Edmond Becquerel ya fara ganin haske. ko da yake waɗannan na'urorin hasken rana na farko sun kasance marasa inganci don ko da lantarki mai sauƙi na'urori.

A cikin 1950s, Bell Labs ya ƙirƙiri hasken rana na silicon na farko na kasuwanci cell sanya daga silicon. Koyaya, aikace-aikacen panel na hasken rana ya iyakance ga a ƴan wurare na musamman kamar tauraron dan adam na sararin samaniya, fitillu, da nesa wurare saboda tsadar farashi.

A cikin 1970s, fama da rikicin mai da matsalolin muhalli ya inganta haɓaka mafi rahusa da ingantaccen tsarin hasken rana. Bayan haka, gwamnatoci da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a duniya sun ba da mahimmanci ga binciken da kuma ci gaban ayyukan hasken rana.

A farkon 2000s, ƙaddamar da jadawalin kuɗin fito (FiTs) ta wasu kasashe sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga saurin haɓakar hasken rana masana'antu.Yanzu, masu amfani da hasken rana sun zama mafi inganci da araha fiye da kowane lokaci, waɗanda ake amfani da su ba kawai a cikin gidaje da kasuwanci ba gine-gine amma kuma a cikin ayyukan samar da ababen more rayuwa.

4.Nau'in Tashoshin Rana

Akwai nau'ikan fale-falen hasken rana da farko da ake samu a yau: monocrystalline, polycrystalline (wanda kuma aka sani da Multi-crystalline), da bakin ciki-fim.

l Monocrystalline solar panels an yi su ne da siliki mai tsabta, wanda shine wanda aka samu daga kristal guda ɗaya. Daga kowane nau'in panel, bangarori na monocrystalline yawanci suna da mafi girman inganci (sama da 20%) da ƙarfin wuta. Wannan shine saboda monocrystalline solar panels suna ba da wutar lantarki fiye da watts 300 (W). iya aiki, wasu ma sun wuce 400 W. fiye da haka, Monocrystalline solar panels Har ila yau, sun kasance sun fi ƙira na polycrystalline game da yawan zafin jiki - ma'aunin aikin panel a cikin yanayin zafi. Duk da wadannan fa'ida, monocrystalline solar panels na iya zama mafi tsada zaɓi, don haka sun fi shahara tare da waɗanda ke da isasshen kasafin kuɗi kuma sun fi so kara yawan tanadin lissafin lantarki kamar kasuwanci, jama'a da na gwamnati sashen.

l PolyCrystalline ko multiCrystalline solar panels su ne hasken rana wanda ya ƙunshi lu'ulu'u da yawa na silicon a cikin kwayar PV guda ɗaya. Wadannan rukunan hasken rana an yi su ne daga sel na hotovoltaic da yawa. Kowane tantanin halitta ya ƙunshi lu'ulu'u na silicon wanda ke sa shi aiki azaman na'urar semiconductor. Lokacin da photons daga hasken rana ya faɗo akan mahadar PN (haɗin tsakanin nau'in N da kayan nau'in P), yana ba da makamashi ga electrons ta yadda za su iya gudana a matsayin wutar lantarki. Idan aka kwatanta da monocrystalline solar panels, polycrystalline solar panels sun fi yawa eco-friendly kamar yadda ba sa bukatar kowane mutum siffata da jeri kowane crystal kuma yawancin siliki ana amfani dashi yayin samarwa da ƙarin farashi tasiri 

Idan ya zo ga rashin amfaninsa, ƙarancin ingancinsa, ya ragu ingantaccen sarari da ƙarancin aiki a cikin yanayin zafi na iya kawo cikas ga ci gabansa ci gaba. Dangane da waɗannan, ana samun fa'idodin solar multiCrystalline a ciki manyan gonaki masu amfani da hasken rana don amfani da hasken rana da samar da wutar lantarki wuraren da ke kusa, keɓaɓɓu ko na'urori masu sarrafa kansu kamar fitilun zirga-zirga a ciki wurare masu nisa, gidajen da ba a rufe ba, da sauransu.

l Fim mai sirara da hasken rana ana yin su ta hanyar ajiye sirara ɗaya ko fiye na bakin ciki (na bakin ciki fina-finai ko TFs) na kayan aikin hoto a kan wani abu, kamar gilashi, filastik ko karfe. Lokacin yin kwatancen zuwa monocrystalline da silicon polycrystalline bangarori, suna buƙatar ƙarancin kayan aikin semiconductor a cikin tsarin masana'antu yayin da suke aiki daidai da kamanni a ƙarƙashin tasirin photovoltaic kuma suna da rahusa. Duk da haka, ba su da ƙarfi sosai kuma suna da ƙananan ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki. In Bugu da kari, sirara-film hasken rana panels rage sauri fiye da crystalline silicon solar bangarori 

Don haka yawanci ana amfani da su a sikelin kayan aiki tun daga hasken rana na bakin ciki bangarori suna raguwa a hankali da sauri. Kuma daya gama-gari aikace-aikace na bakin ciki-fim hasken rana shine shigar da kayan aikin PV masu sassauƙa akan rufin abin hawa (mafi yawan RVs ko bas) da bene na jiragen ruwa da sauran tasoshin. Kuma saboda fa'idarsa ta sararin samaniya, ya zama sananne a cikin waɗanda suke so cimma ginin-Haɗe-haɗe photovoltaics.

5. Hanyoyin Cigaban Cigaban Rana

Kasuwar masu amfani da hasken rana ana tafiyar da ita ta hanyar haɓaka saka hannun jari a cikin sabuntawa bangaren makamashi, raguwar farashin fale-falen PV na hasken rana, da kuma fitowa fili mai kyau dokokin gwamnati.Dukansu monocrystalline da polycrystalline silicon cell sun shaida babban buƙatu, musamman a aikace-aikacen mazaunin. Cadmium telluride da amorphous silicon Kwayoyin ana sa ran haifar da girma dama saboda ƙarancin farashi. Kuma farashin samfurin PV ya faɗi sauri fiye da yadda ake tsammani a farkon 2023, yayin da wadatar polysilicon ke ƙaruwa 

Yayin da ake ciki Dangane da bayanai, a cikin canjin yanayin kasuwancin COVID-19, na duniya kasuwa na Solar Panels da aka kiyasta akan dalar Amurka biliyan 50.1 a shekarar 2022, shine Ana hasashen zai kai girman dalar Amurka biliyan 98.5 nan da shekarar 2030, yana girma a CAGR na 8.8% sama da lokacin bincike 2022-2030. Poly-Crystalline Solar Panel, daya daga sassan da aka bincika a cikin rahoton, ana hasashen za su yi rikodin 8.2% CAGR da ya kai dalar Amurka Biliyan 48.2 a karshen lokacin bincike. Yin la'akari da ci gaba da murmurewa bayan barkewar cutar, haɓaka a cikin ɓangaren Batun Fim na Solar Panel shine an daidaita shi zuwa 8.9% CAGR na shekaru 8 masu zuwa.

6. Binciken Zuba Jari na Dabarun Solar

Ganin cewa hasken rana a halin yanzu shine na biyu mafi yawan makamashi mai tsafta da aka tura fasaha a duk faɗin duniya ta hanyar shigar da ƙarfin, hasken rana PV ana sa ran zama daya daga cikin mafi arha hanyoyin samar da makamashi da ake samu nan da shekarar 2050, musamman a yankuna wanda ke da kyakkyawan hasken rana, kuma da yawa ne ke jagorantar yanayin dalilai.

l Nau'in Samfura

The polycrystalline solar panel yana jagorantar kasuwa tare da fiye da 48% na darajar kasuwar kasuwa kuma ana sa ran za ta sami babban kaso na kasuwa a ciki lokacin hasashen, musamman a sashin zama. Amma ci gaban da aka samu a cikin sirara-fim Samfuran PV na hasken rana kuma za su fitar da haɓakar kasuwar hasken rana yayin na gaba 'yan shekaru. Hakanan, haɓakar ƙaddamar da microgrids da haɓakar Gine-ginen sifili na makamashi zai haifar da buƙatu mai yawa a kasuwa.

l Binciken Ƙarshen Mai Amfani

Ta nau'in mai amfani na ƙarshe, kasuwa ta kasu kashi na zama, kasuwanci, masana'antu da sauran sassa. Bangaren kasuwanci yana jagorantar kasuwa tare da fiye da 33% na ƙimar kasuwar kasuwa tun lokacin da suke buƙatar mahimmanci adadin kuzari don tabbatar da dorewarsu da aiki na dogon lokaci.It Hakanan yana taimakawa wajen rage dogaro akan wutar lantarki yayin rage aiki farashi da rage girman sawun carbon. Amma tun da yawancin gwamnatoci a duniya sun kafa dokar auna mitoci tare da mahimmanci tallafin akan shigar da tsarin hasken rana a cikin saitunan zama. Wadannan kwayoyin halitta sune ana amfani da shi cikin sauƙi a cikin sashin zama saboda farashi mai rahusa idan aka kwatanta zuwa mono-crystalline hasken rana Kwayoyin.

l Binciken Yanki

Dangane da bayanai, yankin Asiya-Pacific yana mamaye kasuwar ƙimar raba. Tunda Asiya-Pacific ita ce yanki mafi girma a duniya dangane da adadin mutanen rayuwa. Yankin kuma gida ne ga kasar Sin, wanda ke da muhimmiyar rawa Ƙarfin masana'anta don ƙwayoyin hasken rana na polycrystalline wanda ya cika buƙatun na yankin. Sannan kuma Indiya na shirin kafa na'urorin kera hasken rana a karkashinta samar da gwamnati.

7. Abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su don Ƙaƙƙarfan Fayilolin Solar

Lokacin siyan bangarorin hasken rana, ba kawai farashi da inganci dole ne a yi la'akari da su ba, sauran abubuwan kuma yakamata a kiyaye su.

Zazzabi: Monocrystalline da polycrystalline panels suna da inganci kololuwa tsakanin 59°F da 95°F. Yankunan da ke da zafi mai zafi a lokacin bazara wanda zai iya sa panel na hasken rana ya kai ga zafin ciki fiye da 100°F zai iya gani raguwar matakan inganci. Lokacin zabar inverter, ya zama dole la'akari da yanayin.

Lalacewar-Haske (LID): LID yana nufin ma'auni na asarar aiki wanda ke faruwa tare da bangarori na crystalline a cikin sa'o'in farko na hasken rana bayyana. Gabaɗaya LID yana ɗaukar kewayo daga 1% zuwa 3% a cikin hasara mai inganci. Saboda haka, ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi lokacin zabar hasken rana.

Ƙimar Wuta: Lambobin Gine-gine na Ƙasashen Duniya suna buƙatar filayen hasken rana don dacewa da su Ƙimar wuta na rufin don tabbatar da cewa bangarori ba su hanzarta yaduwar ba harshen wuta. Gabaɗaya akwai nau'ikan Aji guda uku. Class A yana samar da mafi yawan kariya a cikin wuta, saboda harshen wuta ba zai iya yaduwa sama da ƙafa shida ba. Darasi na B yana tabbatar da yaduwar harshen wuta bai wuce ƙafa takwas ba, kuma Class C yana tabbatar da harshen wuta ba a yada sama da ƙafa 13 ba.

Yanayin Yanayi: Misali, ginshiƙan Crystalline sun fi kyau ga wuraren da za su iya fuskantar ƙanƙara mai nauyi saboda suna iya jure ƙanƙara da sauri da 50 mph. Yayin da aka ba su ƙirar bakin ciki, hin-fim hasken rana ba su da kyau don ƙanƙara. Tsarin hasken rana wanda ke amfani da maɗaurai, ta hanyar-botting modules, ko a Tsarin dogo mai firam uku ya fi dacewa da gidajen da za su fuskanci a guguwa ko guguwa mai zafi.

Inganci: Ingantacciyar hanyar hasken rana tana nufin adadin hasken rana yana iya canzawa zuwa wutar lantarki. Ƙarfin hasken rana mai inganci zai samar da ƙarin wutar lantarki daga wannan adadin hasken rana fiye da ƙananan tasiri.