Chii chinonzi Solar Panels?

1. Chii chinonzi Solar Panels?

Solar panel, inozivikanwawo semufananidzo-voltaic (PV) module kana PV pani, ndeye musangano we photovoltaic solar masero akaiswa mu (kazhinji rectangular) furemu. Solar panel dzinotora chiedza chezuva sechitubu chesimba rinopenya, rinoshandurwa kupinda musimba remagetsi muchimiro chemagetsi akananga (DC).

Muunganidzwa wakarongeka wakarongeka wemapanera ezuva unonzi photovoltaic system kana solar array. Arrays ye photovoltaic system inogona kushandiswa kugadzira solar magetsi anopa midziyo yemagetsi zvakananga, kana kudyisa simba zvakare kupinda pane alternate current (AC) grid via an inverter system.Magetsi aya anogona wozoshandiswa kusimbisa dzimba, zvivakwa, uye mamwe maapplication kana kuchengetwa mukati mabhatiri ekushandisa gare gare. Sesimba rinodzokororwa uye rinogara riripo resimba, solar mapaneru anoita basa rakakosha mukuderedza kuvimba nemafuta efossil nerubatsiro kuderedza carbon emissions.

2. Mamiriro eSolar Panels

Solar Panels ine nhamba huru yemasero ezuva uye anoshandisa chiedza simba (photons) kubva kuZuva kugadzira magetsi kuburikidza nephotovoltaic effect. Inosanganisirawo backsheet, furemu uye junction bhokisi, uye pamwe concentrator, zvese yavo inoshanda pamwe chete kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwakajairika kwema solar panel.

Chii chinonzi solar cells?

Solar cells zvinhu zvemagetsi zvinoshandura chiedza chezuva kuita magetsi simba neiyo photovoltaic effect uye mazhinji acho ari wafer-based crystalline masero esilicon kana masero akaonda-firimu. Zvakare, yakadhura-yakanyanya, yepamusoro-inoshanda, uye close-packed rectangular multi-junction (MJ) masero anowanzo shandiswa muzuva mapaneru pane spacecraft, sezvavanopa chiyero chepamusoro chesimba rinogadzirwa pa kilogiramu inosimudzwa mudenga.Masero anowanzobatanidzwa nemagetsi mukati akatevedzana, mumwe kune mumwe kune yaidiwa voltage, uye ipapo mukuwirirana kuwedzera current.

Chii chinonzi backsheet?

Sepolymer kana musanganiswa wemapolymer ane akasiyana ekuwedzera, backsheet yakagadzirirwa kupa chipingamupinyi pakati pemasero ezuva uye kunze zvakatipoteredza. Kubva kwatinogona kuona iyo backsheet chinhu chakakosha mu kusimba, kushanda zvakanaka, uye hupenyu hurefu hwe solar panel.

Chii chinonzi encapsulant?

Masero ezuva anowanzo kuputirwa ne encapsulant, iyo inowanzoita nhete layer ye polymer zvinhu iyo inoshandiswa pamusoro pemaseru ezuva uye backsheet. Kazhinji iyo yakajairika polymer inoshandiswa mukuputira solar modules is ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), iyo yakasimba zvakakwana kudzivirira solar masero kubva kune chero rudzi rwekukuvara uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwesolar panel.

Chii chinonzi furemu?

Iyo furemu ye solar panel inoreva tsigiro yechimiro inobata uye inodzivirira masero ezuva, wiring uye zvimwe zvikamu mukati mepaneti. Zviri yakagadzirwa nealuminium kana zvimwe zvinhu zvisingaremi kudzivirira mapaneru kubva pakunyanyisa weather impact. Panguva imwechete iyo furemu inopawo nzira yekuisa iyo panel yakachengeteka pamusoro pepamusoro, senge denga kana pasi-based rack. In uyezve, solar panels zvakare inoshandisa simbi mafuremu anosanganisira racking components, mabhuraketi, zvimiro zvinoratidzira, uye madhiri kuti atsigire pani zvirinani chimiro.

Chii chinonzi junction box?

Sechivharo chemagetsi chinoshandiswa kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza kubatanidza magetsi, junction box rakanyatsogadzirirwa kupa nzvimbo yakachengeteka uye yakachengeteka kubatanidza magetsi kuitira kudzivirira kusangana netsaona newaya mhenyu uye kurerutsa kuchengetedza kana kugadzirisa. Kazhinji PV junction bhokisi rinosungirirwa kuseri kwesolar panel uye inoshanda seyakaburitsa interface. External kubatanidza kweakawanda photovoltaic modules anoshandisa MC4 zvibatanidza kuti zvive nyore weatherproof connections kune yese system. A USB simba interface inogona kushandiswawo.

Chii chinonzi concentrator?

Mamwe akakosha solar PV modules anosanganisira concentrators umo mwenje unotariswa nemalenzi kana magirazi pamasero madiki. Izvi zvinogonesa kushandiswa kwemasero ane a mutengo wakakwira pachikamu chimwe chete (senge gallium arsenide) mumutengo unoshanda nzira [kutsanangura kunodiwa] Kuisa pfungwa pachiedza chezuva kunogonawo kusimudza kushanda zvakanaka kusvika ku45%.

3.The Development History of Solar Panels

Muna 1839, kugona kwezvimwe zvinhu kugadzira kuchaji yemagetsi kubva kuratidzwa kwechiedza kwakatanga kucherechedzwa nenyanzvi yechiFrench Edmond Becquerel, kunyangwe aya mapaneru ekutanga esolar aive asingashande chero magetsi ari nyore zvishandiso.

Mumakore ekuma1950, Bell Labs yakagadzira yekutanga kushambadzira silicon solar sero rakagadzirwa nesilicon. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwe solar panel kwakagumira kune a nzvimbo shoma dzakashongedzerwa dzakadai semasatellite emuchadenga, dzimba dzemwenje, uye kure nzvimbo nekuda kwekudhura kwakanyanya.

Muna 1970s, kurova kwedambudziko remafuta uye kunetseka kwezvakatipoteredza kwakasimudzira kuvandudzwa kwema solar panel akachipa uye anoshanda zvakanaka. Pashure paizvozvo, hurumende uye makambani akazvimirira pasirese akaisa kukosha kukuru kutsvagiridzo uye kugadzirwa kwe solar panel.

Mukutanga kwema2000, kuunzwa kwemitengo yekudyara (FiTs) nevamwe. nyika dzakabatsira zvikuru mukukura nokukurumidza kwezuva industry.Nowadays, solar panels ava kunyanya kushanda uye kutengeka kupfuura nakare kose, izvo zviri kushandiswa kwete mudzimba chete nevezvokutengeserana zvivakwa asiwo mumapurojekiti ezvivakwa.

4.The Types of Solar Panels

Kune marudzi matatu emasolar panels anonyanya kuwanikwa nhasi: monocrystalline, polycrystalline (inozivikanwawo se-multi-crystalline), uye mutete-firimu.

l Monocrystalline solar panels inogadzirwa ne-high-purity silicon, inova yakabva kune imwe kristaro. Pamhando dzose dzepaneti, monocrystalline panels kazhinji vane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro (pamusoro pe20%) uye simba remagetsi. Ichi chi becuse monocrystalline solar panels inopa pamusoro pe300 watts (W) yesimba simba, mamwe anotopfuura 400 W. chii chimwe, Monocrystalline solar panels zvakare inowanzoita kupfuura polycrystalline modhi maererano netembiricha coefficient - chiyero chekushanda kwepaneti mukupisa kunodziya. Pasinei neizvi zvakanakira, monocrystalline solar panels ingangove yakanyanya kudhura sarudzo, saka ivo vanonyanya kufarirwa neavo vane bhajeti yakakwana uye vanosarudza wedzera mari yako yemagetsi mari yekuchengetedza seyekutengesa, yeruzhinji uye yehurumende department.

l PolyCrystalline kana multiCrystalline solar mapaneru ndiwo mapaneru ezuva ayo inosanganisira akati wandei makristasi esilicon mune imwechete PV cell. Aya mapaneru ezuva inogadzirwa neakawanda photovoltaic masero. Sero rega rega rine makristasi esilicon iyo inoita kuti iite semiconductor mudziyo. Kana mafotos kubva ku chiedza chezuva chinowira paPN junction (kusangana pakati peN-mhando neP-mhando zvinhu), inopa simba kune maerekitironi kuitira kuti akwanise kuyerera semagetsi. Kuenzaniswa ne monocrystalline solar panels, polycrystalline solar panels akawanda eco-inoshamwaridzika sezvo isingade kuumbwa kwega uye kuiswa kweumwe neumwe crystal uye yakawanda yesilicon inoshandiswa panguva yekugadzira uye yakawanda mutengo inoshanda 

Kana zvasvika pakuipa kwayo, kushanda kwayo kwakaderera, kushoma nzvimbo-inoshanda uye kusashanda zvakanaka mukupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kuikanganisa zvakanyanya development. Zvichienderana neizvi, multiCrystalline solar panels inowanikwa mukati mapurazi makuru ezuva kuti ashandise simba rezuva uye kupa magetsi kune nzvimbo dziri padyo, midziyo yakamira yega kana inozviitira magetsi semarobhoti mukati nzvimbo dziri kure, off-grid mhuri, nezvimwewo.

l Thin-film solar panels inogadzirwa nekuisa imwe kana anopfuura akatetepa akaturikidzana (matete mafirimu kana TFs) yephotovoltaic zvinhu pane substrate, segirazi, plastiki kana simbi. Paunenge uchiita kuenzanisa kune monocrystalline uye polycrystalline silicon mapaneru, anoda mashoma semiconductor zvinhu mukugadzira maitiro apo ivo vanoshanda zvakaringana zvakafanana pasi peiyo photovoltaic athari uye inochipa. Zvakadaro, haanyanyo shanda uye ane yakaderera simba simba.In uyezve, yakaonda-firimu solar panels inoshatisa nekukurumidza kupfuura crystalline silicon solar panels 

Saka ivo vanowanzo shandiswa pachiyero chekushandisa kubva mutete-firimu solar mapaneru anoshatisa pamwero wakaderera zvikuru. Uye imwe yakajairika application kune yakaonda-firimu solar panel kuisirwa flexible PV modules pamatenga emotokari (kazhinji maRV kana mabhazi) uye madhishi ezvikepe nemimwe ngarava. Uye nekuda kwe mukana wayo wenzvimbo, zvave zvichinyanya kufarirwa pakati pevanoda zadzisa chivakwa-Integrated photovoltaics.

5. Mafambisirwo eMafambiro eSolar Panels

Musika we solar panel unofambiswa nekuwedzera mari mune inovandudzwa simba remagetsi, kuderera kwemutengo we solar PV mapaneru, uye kubuda kwakanaka mitemo yehurumende.Both monocrystalline uye polycrystalline silicon masero vakapupurira kudiwa kukuru, kunyanya mukunyorera kwekugara. Cadmium telluride uye amorphous silicon masero anotarisirwa kugadzira kukura mikana nekuda kwekudhura kwezvinhu. Uye PV module mitengo yadonha nekukurumidza kupfuura zvaitarisirwa mukutanga kwa2023, sezvo polysilicon kupihwa kunowedzera kuwanda 

Ndichiri panguva ino Zvinoenderana nedata, mune yakashandurwa post COVID-19 bhizinesi mamiriro, iyo yepasirese musika weSolar Panels inofungidzirwa paUS $50.1 Bhiriyoni mugore ra2022, iri inofungidzirwa kusvika pachiyero chakadzokororwa cheUS $ 98.5 Bhiriyoni panosvika 2030, ichikura paCAGR. ye8.8% panguva yekuongorora 2022-2030. Poly-Crystalline Solar Panel, imwe ye zvikamu zvakaongororwa mumushumo, zvinotarisirwa kurekodha 8.2% CAGR uye kusvika US $ 48.2 Bhiriyoni pakupera kwenguva yekuongorora. Tichifunga nezve kuenderera mberi kwedenda kupora, kukura muThin-Film Solar Panel chikamu chiri yakagadziridzwa kune yakagadziridzwa 8.9% CAGR yenguva inotevera-8-gore.

6. Iyo Investment Analysis yeSolar Panels

Tichifunga kuti solar parizvino ndiyo yechipiri yakanyanya kuisirwa simba rakachena tekinoroji kutenderera pasirese nehuwandu hwakaiswa, solar PV inotarisirwa kuve imwe yezvakachipa zviwanikwa zvesimba zviripo panosvika 2050, kunyanya mumatunhu iyo ine yakanakisa radiation yezuva, uye maitiro anofambiswa nevanoverengeka zvinhu.

l Product Type Analysis

Iyo polycrystalline solar panel iri kutungamira musika neinopfuura 48% ye kukosha kwemugove wemusika uye inotarisirwa kutora chikamu chepamusoro chemusika mukati nguva yekufungidzira, kunyanya pachikamu chekugara. Asi kufambira mberi mune yakaonda-firimu solar PV modules inofambisawo solar panels kukura kwemusika panguva inotevera makore mashoma. Zvakare, kusimuka kwekutumirwa kwema microgrids uye kuvandudzwa kwe zero-simba zvivakwa zvinotungamira mukudiwa kukuru mumusika.

l Kupedzisira-Mushandisi Ongororo

Nekupedzisira mushandisi mhando, musika wakakamurwa kuita zvekugara, zvekutengesa, indasitiri nezvimwe zvikamu. Chikamu chekutengesa chiri kutungamirira pamusika neinopfuura 33% yemugove wekukosha wemusika sezvo ichida yakakosha huwandu hwesimba kuti huve nechokwadi chekugara kwavo kwenguva refu uye kushanda.It ca inobatsirawo kuderedza kuvimba nemagetsi egridi uku ichidzikisa kushanda mari uye kuderedza carbon footprint. Asi kubva kune huzhinji hwehurumende pasi rose vakadzika mutemo wenet metering pamwe chete nezvakakosha rubatsiro pakuisa solar system mumaseta ekugara. Masero aya inoshandiswa zviri nyore muchikamu chekugara nekuda kwemitengo yavo yakachipa sekuenzaniswa kune mono-crystalline solar masero.

l Kuongorora Kwematunhu

Zvinoenderana nedata, iyo Asia-pacific dunhu iri kutonga mumusika wekukosha share. Sezvo Asia-Pacific iri iyo dunhu rakakura pasi rose maererano nehuwandu hwe vanhu vanogara. Dunhu iri zvakare kumusha kuChina, iyo ine yakakosha kugadzira kugona kwepolycrystalline solar masero ayo anozadzisa zvinodiwa yedunhu. Uye India inorongawo kumisikidza solar kugadzira zvikamu pasi kugadzirwa kwehurumende.

7. Zvinhu zvekufunga nezvazvo kune Yepamusoro-mhando Solar Panels

Paunenge uchitenga solar panel, kwete chete mutengo uye mhando inofanirwa kutariswa, zvimwe zvinhu zvinofanirawo kurangarirwa.

Tembiricha: Monocrystalline uye polycrystalline mapaneru ane peak kunyatsoita pakati pe59°F ne95°F. Matunhu ane tembiricha yakakwira munguva yezhizha zvingadaro konzera kuti solar panel isvike mukati mekushisa kweinopfuura 100 ° F inogona kuona kuderera kwemazinga ekubudirira. Paunosarudza inverter, zvakakosha kuti funga nezvemamiriro acho ezvinhu.

Chiedza-Induced Degradation (LID): LID inoreva metric yekurasikirwa kwekuita iyo inoitika necrystalline panels mukati memaawa mashoma ekutanga ezuva kusadziviririka. Kazhinji LID inowanzobva pa1% kusvika ku3% mukurasikirwa kwakanaka. Nokudaro, inofanira kutariswa pakusarudza solar panels.

Moto rating: International Building Codes inoda solar panels kuti ienderane neavo chiyero chemoto chedenga kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mapaneru haakurumidzise kupararira kwe marimi. Kazhinji kune marudzi matatu eKirasi. Kirasi A inopa zvakanyanya kudzivirira mumoto, sezvo murazvo haugoni kupararira kupfuura mamita matanhatu. Kirasi B inoita kuti murazvo upararire haupfuure tsoka masere, uye Kirasi C inova nechokwadi chekuti marimi anoita kwete kupararira kupfuura 13 tsoka.

Mamiriro ekunze: Semuenzaniso, Crystalline mapaneru ari nani kune nzvimbo idzo vanogona kusangana nechimvuramabwe chikuru sezvo vachikwanisa kutsungirira chimvuramabwe chichirova nekumhanya kwekukwira kusvika 50mph. Kunyange vachipihwa dhizaini yavo yakatetepa, hin-firimu solar panels haina kunaka nokuda kwechimvuramabwe. Iyo solar system inoshandisa fasteners, kuburikidza-bolting modules, kana a matatu-frame rail system inokodzera zvirinani kudzimba dzinogona kusangana a dutu remhepo kana dutu remhepo.

Kunyatsogona: Kushanda kwesolar panel kunoreva kuwanda kwechiedza chezuva inogona kuchinjwa kuva magetsi. A high-efficiency solar panel inobudisa zvakawanda magetsi kubva pachiyero chakafanana chechiedza chezuva pane dhizaini-inoshanda yakaderera.