Yintoni iiPaneli zeSolar?

1. Yintoni iiPaneli zeSolar?

Iphaneli yelanga, ekwabizwa ngokuba yimodyuli ye-photo-voltaic (PV) okanye ipaneli yePV, i indibano yeeseli zelanga ze-photovoltaic ezifakwe kwisakhelo (ngokuqhelekileyo sixande). Iiphaneli zelanga zibamba ukukhanya kwelanga njengomthombo wamandla akhazimlayo, aguqulwayo kumandla ombane ngendlela yombane othe ngqo wangoku (DC).

Ingqokelela ehlelwe kakuhle yeepaneli zelanga ibizwa ngokuba yinkqubo ye-photovoltaic okanye uluhlu lwelanga. Uluhlu lwenkqubo ye-photovoltaic ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ilanga umbane obonelela ngezixhobo zombane ngokuthe ngqo, okanye ubuyisela umbane kwigridi yangoku (AC) etshintshanayo nge-inverter system.Lo mbane unako emva koko isetyenziswe ukunika amandla amakhaya, izakhiwo, kunye nezinye izinto zokusebenza okanye zigcinwe ngaphakathi iibhetri zokusetyenziswa kamva. Njengomthombo wamandla ohlaziyiweyo nozinzileyo, ilanga iipaneli zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni ukuthembela kumafutha e-fossil kunye noncedo ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.

2. Ulwakhiwo lweePaneli zeSolar

Iipaneli zeSolar zibandakanya inani elikhulu leeseli zelanga kwaye zisebenzisa amandla okukhanya (iifotoni) ukusuka kwi-Sun ukuvelisa umbane ngokusebenzisa i-photovoltaic effect. Ikwabandakanya i-backsheet, isakhelo kunye nebhokisi yokuhlangana, kwaye mhlawumbi i-concentrator, zonke basebenza kunye ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweepaneli zelanga.

Yintoni iiseli zelanga?

Iiseli zelanga zizixhobo zombane eziguqula ukukhanya kube ngumbane amandla ngempembelelo ye-photovoltaic kwaye uninzi lwazo luyi-crystalline esekelwe kwi-wafer iiseli ze-silicon okanye iiseli zefilimu ezincinci. Kwakhona, ixabiso eliphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye iiseli ezivaliweyo ze-rectangular multi-junction (MJ) zidla ngokusetyenziswa kwilanga iiphaneli kwiziphekepheke, njengoko zibonelela ngowona mlinganiselo uphakamileyo wamandla avelisiweyo nge ikhilogram iphakanyiselwe esithubeni. Iiseli zidla ngokudityaniswa ngombane series, enye ukuya kwenye kumbane ofunwayo, kwaye ngokuhambelanayo ukwandisa yangoku.

Yintoni i-backsheet?

Njengepolymer okanye indibaniselwano yeepolymers ezinezongezo ezahlukeneyo, i-backsheet yenzelwe ukubonelela ngomqobo phakathi kweeseli zelanga kunye nangaphandle okusingqongileyo. Ukusuka apho sinokubona i-backsheet licandelo elibalulekileyo kwi ukuqina, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nexesha elide lephaneli yelanga.

Yintoni i-encapsulant?

Iiseli zelanga zihlala zigqunywe nge-encapsulant, ehlala ibhityile umaleko wemathiriyeli yepolymer esetyenziswa phezu kweeseli zelanga kunye ne umqolo. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-polymer eqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kwi-encapsulating modules zelanga yi-ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), ehlala ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukukhusela ilanga iiseli kulo naluphi na uhlobo lomonakalo kunye nokwandisa ubomi bepaneli yelanga.

Yintoni isakhelo?

Isakhelo sepaneli yelanga sibhekiselele kwinkxaso yesakhiwo esibambe kwaye ikhusela iiseli zelanga, iingcingo kunye nezinye izinto ngaphakathi kwendawo yolawulo. Yi ezenziwe nge-aluminiyam okanye ezinye izinto ezikhaphukhaphu zokuthintela iipaneli ezigqithisileyo impembelelo yemozulu. Ngexesha elifanayo isakhelo sikwabonelela ngeendlela zokunyuka iphaneli ngokukhuselekileyo kumphezulu, njengophahla okanye irack esekelwe emhlabeni. Kwi Ukongeza, iipaneli zelanga nazo zisebenzisa iifreyimu zetsimbi ezibandakanya izinto zokurhaqa, izibiyeli, iimilo zesibonisi, kunye nemikhombe yokuxhasa ngcono indawo yolawulo isakhiwo.

Yintoni ibhokisi yesiphambuka?

Njengendawo ebiyelweyo yombane esetyenziselwa ukugcina nokukhusela uqhagamshelo lombane, ibhokisi yesiphambuka yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukubonelela ngokusingqongileyo okukhuselekileyo nokukhuselekileyo uqhagamshelo lombane ukuze kuthintelwe ukudibana ngempazamo ngeengcingo eziphilayo kunye ukwenza lula ulondolozo okanye ukulungiswa kwexesha elizayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-PV junction box iqhotyoshelwe ngasemva kwipaneli yelanga kunye nemisebenzi njengojongano oluphumayo. Ngaphandle uqhagamshelo kwiimodyuli ezininzi ze-photovoltaic zisebenzisa izihlanganisi zeMC4 ukwenza lula ukudityaniswa kwemozulu kuyo yonke inkqubo. Ujongano lwamandla e-USB nazo zisetyenziswe.

Yintoni isigxininisi?

Ezinye iimodyuli ezikhethekileyo ze-PV zelanga ziquka i-concentrators apho ukukhanya kugxilwe khona ngeelensi okanye izipili kwiiseli ezincinci. Oku kwenza ukusetyenziswa kweeseli nge ixabiso eliphezulu kwiyunithi yendawo nganye (efana ne-gallium arsenide) ngexabiso elisebenzayo indlela[icatshulwa] Ukujolisa ukukhanya kwelanga nako kunokunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle ukuya malunga nama-45%.

3.Imbali yoPhuhliso lweePaneli zeSolar

Ngo-1839, ukukwazi kwezinye izinto ukwenza intlawulo yombane ukusuka Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwabonwa okokuqala yingcali yefiziksi yaseFransi u-Edmond Becquerel, nangona ezi paneli zokuqala zelanga bezingasebenzi kakuhle nokuba ngumbane olula izixhobo.

Ngeminyaka yoo-1950, iiLebhu zeBell zenze i-silicon solar yokuqala enokurhweba iseli eyenziwe ngesilicon. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwepaneli yelanga kwakulinganiselwe kwi-a iindawo ezimbalwa ezikhethekileyo ezifana neesathelayithi zasemajukujukwini, izibane zokukhanya, kunye nezikude iindawo ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu.

Ngeminyaka yee-1970, ukuchaphazeleka kwe-oyile kunye neenkxalabo zokusingqongileyo kwakhuthaza uphuhliso lweepaneli zelanga ezingabizi kakhulu nezisebenzayo. Emva koko, oorhulumente kunye neenkampani zabucala kwihlabathi jikelele zincamathele ukubaluleka okukhulu kolu phando kunye nophuhliso lweepaneli zelanga.

Ekuqaleni koo-2000, ukwaziswa kweentlawulo zokutya (FiTs) ngabanye abantu. amazwe abe negalelo elikhulu ekukhuleni ngokukhawuleza kwelanga industry.Namhlanje, iiphaneli zelanga ziye zasebenza kakhulu kwaye ziyafikeleleka kunanini na ngaphambili, ezisetyenziswa kungekuphela nje emakhayeni kunye nezorhwebo izakhiwo kodwa nakwiiprojekthi zeziseko ezingundoqo.

4.Iintlobo zeePaneli zeSolar

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeepaneli zelanga ezifumanekayo namhlanje: i-monocrystalline, i-polycrystalline (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-multi-crystalline), kunye ifilimu encinci.

l Iipaneli zelanga ze-Monocrystalline zenziwe nge-silicon ephezulu ecocekileyo, eyiyo evela kwikristale enye. Kuzo zonke iindidi zeepaneli, iipaneli ze-monocrystalline ngokwesiqhelo banobona buchule buphezulu (ngaphezu kwe-20%) kunye nomthamo wamandla. Yi le becuse iiphaneli zelanga ze-monocrystalline zibonelela ngaphezulu kwe-300 watts (W) yamandla amandla, amanye ade agqithe kuma-400 W. Ngaphezu koko, iiphaneli zelanga zeMonocrystalline ikwathande ukugqwesa iimodeli ze-polycrystalline malunga ne-coefficient yobushushu -umlinganiselo wokusebenza kwepaneli kumaqondo obushushu afudumeleyo. Nangona ezi iingenelo, iiphaneli zelanga ze-monocrystalline zinokuba zezona zibiza kakhulu ukhetho, ngoko ke bathandwa ngakumbi ngabo banohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olwaneleyo kwaye bakhetha wandise ugcino lwetyala lakho lombane njengezorhwebo, loluntu kunye norhulumente isebe.

l I-PolyCrystalline okanye iiphaneli zesola ezininzi zeCrystalline ziiphaneli zelanga ezithi zibandakanya iikristale ezininzi ze-silicon kwiseli enye yePV. Ezi paneli zelanga zenziwe ngeeseli ezininzi ze-photovoltaic. Iseli nganye ineekristale zesilicon eyenza ukuba isebenze njengesixhobo se-semiconductor. Xa iifoto ezivela kwi ukukhanya kwelanga kuwela kwi-PN junction (ukudibanisa phakathi kohlobo lwe-N kunye ne-P-type materials), inika amandla kwii-electron ukuze zikwazi ukuhamba njengombane wombane. Xa kuthelekiswa neepaneli zelanga ze-monocrystalline, iipaneli zelanga ze-polycrystalline zingaphezulu I-eco-friendly njengoko ayifuni ukubunjwa komntu kunye nokubekwa kwayo nganye ikristale kwaye uninzi lwesilicon lusetyenziswa ngexesha lemveliso kunye neendleko ezingaphezulu esebenzayo 

Xa kuziwa kwizinto ezingalunganga, ukusebenza kwayo okuphantsi, kuncinci ukusebenza kakuhle kwendawo kunye nokusebenza kakubi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunokuphazamisa ngakumbi uphuhliso. Ngokusekwe kwezi, iipaneli zelanga ezininzi zeCrystalline ziyafumaneka iifama ezinkulu zelanga ukusebenzisa amandla elanga kunye nokubonelela ngombane iindawo ezikufuphi, ezizimelayo okanye izixhobo ezizisebenzelayo ezifana nezibane zendlela iindawo ezikude, amakhaya angekho kwigridi, njl.

l Iiphaneli zelanga ze-Thin-film zenziwa ngokufaka umaleko omnye okanye ngaphezulu obhityileyo (obhityileyo iifilimu okanye ii-TF) zezinto ze-photovoltaic kwi-substrate, njengeglasi, iplastiki okanye isinyithi. Xa uthelekisa kwi-monocrystalline kunye ne-polycrystalline silicon iipaneli, zifuna izinto ezincinci ze-semiconductor kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ngelixa zisebenza ngokulinganayo phantsi kwefuthe le-photovoltaic kwaye ziphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, zisebenza kancinci kwaye zinamandla asezantsi Ukongeza, iiphaneli zelanga ezicwebezelayo zithomalalisa ngokukhawuleza kune-crystalline silicon solar iiphaneli 

Ngaloo ndlela zihlala zisetyenziswa kwisikali soncedo ukusukela kwifilimu encinci yelanga iiphaneli zithomalalisa ngesantya esisezantsi kakhulu. Kwaye isicelo esinye esiqhelekileyo sefilimu encinci iiphaneli zelanga kukufakelwa kweemodyuli zePV eziguquguqukayo kuphahla lwezithuthi (ngokuqhelekileyo iiRVs okanye iibhasi) kunye nedekhi yezikhephe kunye nezinye iinqanawa. Kwaye ngenxa inzuzo yayo indawo, iye yathandwa ngakumbi nangakumbi phakathi kwabo bafuna ukufikelela kwisakhiwo-I-photovoltaics edibeneyo.

5. Iindlela zoPhuhliso lweePaneli zeSolar

Imarike yeepaneli zelanga iqhutywa kukunyusa utyalo-mali kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo icandelo lamandla, ukuhla kweendleko zeepaneli ze-solar PV, kunye nokuvela okulungileyo imimiselo karhulumente.Zombini iiseli ze-silicon ze-monocrystalline kunye ne-polycrystalline babone imfuno ephezulu, ngakumbi kwizicelo zokuhlala. I-Cadmium Iiseli ze-silicon ze-teluride kunye ne-amorphous kulindeleke ukuba zenze ukukhula amathuba ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi lezinto eziphathekayo. Kwaye amaxabiso emodyuli yePV ehlile ngokukhawuleza kunokuba bekulindelwe ekuqaleni kuka-2023, njengoko unikezelo lwepolysilicon luba luninzi 

Ngelixa okwangoku Ngokwedatha, kwindawo etshintshileyo ye-COVID-19 yeshishini, yehlabathi market for Solar Panels kuqikelelwa kwi US $ 50.1 Billion ngonyaka 2022, yi Iqikelelwa ukuba ifikelele kubungakanani obuhlaziyiweyo be-US$98.5 yebhiliyoni ngo-2030, ikhula kwi-CAGR ye-8.8% kwixesha lokuhlalutya i-2022-2030. I-Poly-Crystalline Solar Panel, enye ye amacandelo ahlalutywe kwingxelo, kuqikelelwa ukuba abhale i-CAGR ye-8.2% kunye ukufikelela US $ 48.2 Billion ekupheleni kwexesha lokuhlalutya. Ukuthathela ingqalelo i ukuchacha okuqhubekayo emva kobhubhane, ukukhula kwicandelo Thin-Film Solar Panel ihlaziywe kwakhona kwi-CAGR eyi-8.9% kwisithuba seminyaka esi-8 ezayo.

6. Uhlalutyo loTyalo-mali lweePaneli zeSolar

Ekubeni i-solar okwangoku iyeyesibini amandla acocekileyo asetyenziswayo itekhnoloji kwihlabathi liphela ngomthamo ofakiweyo, iPV yelanga kulindeleke ukuba ibe omnye weyona mithombo yamandla inexabiso eliphantsi ekhoyo ngo-2050, ngakumbi kwimimandla ezinemitha yelanga ebalaseleyo, kwaye umkhwa uqhutywa ngabaninzi izinto.

l Uhlalutyo lweentlobo zeMveliso

Iphaneli yelanga ye-polycrystalline ikhokela imarike ngaphezu kwe-48% ye Isabelo semalike yexabiso kwaye kulindelwe ukuba kuthathwe isabelo esikhulu semakethi ixesha loqikelelo, ngakumbi kwindawo yokuhlala. Kodwa inkqubela kwifilimu encinci Iimodyuli zeSolar PV ziya kuqhuba ukukhula kwemarike yeepaneli zelanga kwixesha elizayo iminyaka embalwa. Kwakhona, ukunyuka kokuthunyelwa kwe-microgrids kunye nophuhliso lwe izakhiwo ezingasebenziyo zizakukhokelela kwimfuno emandla kwimarike.

l Uhlalutyo loMsebenzisi-siphelo

Ngohlobo lomsebenzisi wokugqibela, imakethi yahlulwe ngokweendawo zokuhlala, zorhwebo, amacandelo emizi-mveliso kunye nabanye. Icandelo lezorhwebo likhokela imarike ngaphezu kwe-33% yezabelo zemarike zexabiso njengoko zifuna okubalulekileyo isixa samandla ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwabo ixesha elide kunye nokusebenza.It I-ca inokunceda ekunciphiseni ukuthembela kumbane wegridi ngelixa uthoba ukusebenza iindleko kunye nokunciphisa i-carbon footprint. Kodwa ekubeni uninzi loorhulumente kwihlabathi jikelele baphumeze umthetho wokulinganisa ngemitha kunye nokubalulekileyo uncediso-mali ekufakeni inkqubo yelanga kwiindawo zokuhlala. Ezi seli zi zisetyenziswa ngokulula kwicandelo lokuhlala ngenxa yeendleko zabo ezisezantsi xa kuthelekiswa kwiiseli zelanga ze-mono-crystalline.

l Uhlalutyo lweNgingqi

Ngokwedatha, ummandla we-Asia-pacific ulawula kwimarike yexabiso ukwabelana. Kuba iAsia-Pacific ingowona mmandla mkhulu kwihlabathi ngokwenani le abantu abahlala. Lo mmandla ulikhaya laseTshayina, elibaluleke kakhulu amandla okwenza iiseli zelanga ze-polycrystalline ezizalisekisa imfuno yommandla. Kwaye i-Indiya ikwaceba ukuseta iiyunithi zokuvelisa amandla elanga ngaphantsi imveliso karhulumente.

7. Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kwiiPaneli zeSolar ezikumgangatho oPhezulu

Xa kuthengwa iipaneli zelanga, kungekhona kuphela ixabiso kunye nomgangatho omele uqwalaselwe. nezinye izinto zifanele zikhunjulwe.

Ubushushu: Iiphaneli ze-Monocrystalline kunye ne-polycrystalline zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu phakathi kwama-59°F nama-95°F. Imimandla enamaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngexesha lasehlotyeni bangela ukuba ipaneli yelanga ifikelele kubushushu bangaphakathi obungaphezulu kwe-100 ° F inokubona ukuhla kumanqanaba okusebenza. Xa ukhetha inverter, kuyimfuneko ukuba qwalasela imeko.

Ukuthotywa okubangelwa kukukhanya (LID): I-LID ibhekisela kwi-metric yelahleko yokusebenza eyenzeka ngeepaneli zekristale kwiiyure ezimbalwa zokuqala zokukhanya kwelanga ukungakhuseleki. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-LID ithande ukuvela kwi-1% ukuya kwi-3% kwilahleko esebenzayo. Ngoko ke, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe xa ukhetha iipaneli zelanga.

Umlinganiselo womlilo: Iikhowudi zokwakha zamazwe ngamazwe zifuna iiphaneli zelanga ukuze zihambelane nazo ukukala komlilo wophahla ukuqinisekisa ukuba iipaneli azikukhawulezisi ukusasazeka amadangatye. Ngokubanzi kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeKlasi. Udidi A lubonelela kakhulu ukukhuselwa emlilweni, njengoko amadangatye akanako ukusasazeka ngaphezu kweenyawo ezintandathu. Udidi B iqinisekisa ukusasazeka kwedangatye akudluli iinyawo ezisibhozo, kwaye iClass C iqinisekisa amadangatye ayisasazeki ngaphaya kweenyawo ezili-13.

IMeko yeMozulu: Umzekelo, iipaneli zeCrystalline zingcono kwiindawo ezo banokufumana isichotho esikhulu njengoko bekwazi ukumelana nesichotho esibetha ngesantya sokunyuka ukuba 50 mph. Ngelixa zinikwe uyilo lwazo olubhityileyo, iiphaneli zesola zehin-film azifanelekanga ngenxa yesichotho. Inkqubo yelanga esebenzisa i-fasteners, iimodyuli ze-bolting, okanye a Inkqubo kaloliwe enefreyim ezintathu ifaneleka ngcono kumakhaya anokuba namava a isaqhwithi okanye isaqhwithi.

Ukusebenza kakuhle: Ukusebenza kakuhle kwepaneli yelanga kubhekiselele kubungakanani bokukhanya kwelanga inokuguqulwa ibe ngumbane. Iphaneli yelanga esebenza kakuhle kakhulu iya kuvelisa ngakumbi umbane ovela kumlinganiselo ofanayo wokukhanya kwelanga kunepaneli yokungasebenzi kakuhle.