Menene tasirin batir sharar gida akan muhalli?

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Fa&39;atauina Fale Malosi feavea&39;i

Na farko, baturin yana da girman 1800 don amfani da jan ƙarfe, da gwangwani, da ruwan gishiri don samun nasarar kera tantanin halitta volt. Yanzu, duk batura da aka samar ta hanyar sanya karafa daban-daban guda biyu a cikin maganin electrolyte iri ɗaya ana kiransa baturin volt. A cikin 1860, ana iya cajin abubuwan ƙirƙira na Pronecian na Faransa da gubar don cajin lantarki, kuma ana iya amfani da shi akai-akai, ana kiransa azaman baturi.

A cikin 1887, British Herlesson ya ƙirƙira busasshen baturi na farko. 1890 Edison ƙirƙira mai cajin baturi nickel baƙin ƙarfe. 1899 Waldmarjungner ya ƙirƙira batura nickel-cadmium.

1914 Edison ya kirkiro baturin alkaline. 1954 Geraldpearson, Calvinfuller da Darylchapin sun haɓaka ƙwayoyin rana. 1976 PhilipsResearch gida ƙirƙira baturi nickel hydrogen.

1991 Sony Cajin Lithium Ion Batirin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci. Bayan shekara ta 2000, batura masu wutar lantarki, ƙwayoyin hasken rana sun zama abin da ake mayar da hankali kan sabbin batutuwan ci gaban makamashi a duniya. Baturin yana da mahimmanci ga baturi (batir na farko), baturi na biyu (batir mai caji), baturin gubar-acid nau&39;i uku, muhimmin gabatarwa ga amsawar electrode, jimlar halayen da fa&39;idodi da rashin amfani da busassun batura na zinc manganese, baturan lithium-ion, da baturi, don koyo na gaba Reactive manufa electrochemical part aza harsashi.

Na biyu, gurɓatar batir mai mahimmanci yana gabatar da abubuwa masu cutarwa, haɗari da mummunan sakamako a cikin batir sharar gida. Na farko, ta hanyar tebur, ana gabatar da abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin baturin gama gari. Muhimman abubuwa masu haɗari da ke ƙunshe a cikin baturin sun haɗa da babban adadin ƙarfe mai nauyi da acid, tushe da sauran maganin electrolyte.

Daga cikin su, karafa masu nauyi suna da mahimmanci, mercury, cadmium, gubar, nickel, zinc, da dai sauransu. Cadmium, mercury, gubar wani abu ne na muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam; zinc, nickel, da dai sauransu, ko da yake yana da fa&39;ida a cikin wani kewayon maida hankali, amma a cikin muhalli, iyaka kuma zai zama haɗari ga jikin ɗan adam; sharar acid, sharar tushe Sauran electrolytes na iya gurɓata ƙasa, yin ƙasa acidification ko alkalization.

Sannan a hada da block diagram don kwatanta sinadarai na sinadarai da illar lafiyar dan adam a cikin batir sharar gida: baturin laƙabi guda ɗaya na iya sa ƙasa mai tsayin mita 1 ta lalace har abada, batirin kwamfutar hannu 1 zai iya sa tan 600 na ruwa ba zai iya sha ba (daidai da mutum Shan ruwa) (1) mercury: kifi yana iya zama guba a cikin ruwa 0.0001 / L / L.

1 g. Misali: Mai hana ruwa (2) Cadmium: Tare da carcinogenic, nephrotoxicity. Misali: Ciwo (3) Lead: Ledar karfe mai nauyi tana da mummunar illa ga furotin, don haka yana da illa ga hadawar enzymes da hemes, wanda ke haifar da cututtuka kamar anemia.

Har ila yau gubar na iya haifar da ciwon jijiya, haifar da lahani ga ƙasusuwa, kodan, haifar da raunin koda. (4) Chromium: na sinadarin chromic acid, mai nauyi chromating acid yana da tsananin guba, mai kara kuzari, kona fatar jikin mutum da mucosa. Hexavalent chromium na iya haifar da raguwar leukocyte, ciwon huhu.

A cikin hanci chrome perforation, shi za a iya guba ta ban ruwa da 3.4-17.3mg / L trivalent chromium ruwa.

(5) Sauran: nickel: yana da ciwon daji, yana iya haifar da rashin lafiyan dermatitis. Azurfa: na iya haifar da makanta. Lithium: yana haifar da alamomi kamar zazzabi, haifar da gastroenteritis, ciwon sukari.

Zinc: yana haifar da ulceration na corneal, edema na huhu. Na uku, jiyya da sake amfani da batir na sharar gida 1, maganin batir na kasata: kasata babbar kasa ce a sahun gaba, mai fitar da fiye da biliyan 200 a duk shekara, yawancinsu batir ne da za a iya jurewa. Lalacewar baturan da za a iya zubarwa ga muhalli yana da mahimmanci ga gurɓatar da mercury a cikin batir ɗin sharar gida ga ƙasa da ruwan ƙasa.

Tare da haɓaka hanyoyin sadarwar wayar hannu, sabon tsohon lokacin maye gurbin wayar hannu ya ragu, kuma za a sami ɗaruruwan batir ɗin wayar salula. Haka kuma, ta fuskar tattara shara a cikin gida, rarrabuwa, jiyya, rashin jari, ana yin babban adadin batura da sharar gida, da shara, inda manyan karafa ke zubewa, wanda ke haifar da kasa da ruwan kasa, wanda ke haifar da gurbacewar muhalli, matsalar sharar kuma ta kara fitowa fili. 2, Turai, Amurka, Jafananci mafita na kasa don magance gurɓataccen baturi: Jamus tana ba da sababbin ka&39;idoji don sarrafa batir mai sharar gida, kuma tana aiwatar da siyan batir mercury, wato, masu amfani don siyan kowane baturi.

Alamar 15, lokacin da masu amfani suka maye gurbin tsohon baturi a baya cikin shagon, ana cire farashin ta atomatik. Sa&39;an nan, canja wurin masana&39;antun sake yin amfani da magani. {Asar Amirka ta ƙirƙiri tsarin sake amfani da batir ɗin sharar gida kuma ta kafa wasu cibiyoyin magani.

A halin yanzu, ainihin mercury ne wanda ba shi da baturi, wanda ba shi da lahani ga muhalli, kuma ana iya haɗa shi da datti na gida. Dangane da baturi na biyu da batirin wayar hannu, masana&39;antar batirin nickel-cadmium ta Amurka ta kafa ƙungiyar sake amfani da su, kowane kamfani na memba yana biyan kuɗin jiyya ga ƙungiyar ta hanyar samarwa, wanda ake amfani da shi don tattara batir da sufuri da sarrafawa. Sake yin amfani da batir ɗin sharar gida na Japan na shekara-shekara tun daga shekarun 1980, kuma shekara yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara.

A halin yanzu, batura na cikin gida na Japan ba su da mercury, wanda ke da mahimmanci don dawo da harsashi na baƙin ƙarfe da kaburburan baƙar fata, da aiwatar da haɓaka samfura na biyu. Dangane da baturi na biyu da baturin wayar salula, shi ma masana&39;anta ne ke aiwatar da shi sosai, musamman ribar cobalt a cikin batirin lithium-ion da aka kwato yana da yawa sosai. 3, Fasahar sarrafa batir na cikin gida da na waje Hanyar sarrafa batir ta kasa da kasa: Hanyar sarrafa batir da ake samu a duniya tana da nau&39;i uku: an binne shi sosai, an ajiye shi cikin sharar sharar gida, sake yin amfani da shi.

(1). Warkewa da zurfin binne, adana a cikin batir sharar gida na sharar gida, gabaɗaya ana jigilar su zuwa ƙwararrun masu guba, wuraren ɓarke ​​​​mai cutarwa, amma wannan tsarin ba wai kawai yana kashewa da yawa ba, har ma yana haifar da sharar gida, saboda har yanzu akwai abubuwa da yawa don albarkatun ƙasa. (2).

Recycling = 1 \ * GB31 maganin zafi: Hanya ɗaya ita ce kiwo tsohon baturi kuma a aika zuwa tanderu don dumama shi. A wannan lokacin, ana iya fitar da mercury mai canzawa. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya fi girma, zinc kuma yana ƙafe lokacin da zafin jiki ya fi girma, shi ma yana da daraja.

Bayan baƙin ƙarfe da manganese, ya zama ƙarfe na manganese da ake buƙata don yin ƙarfe. Wata hanyar kuma ita ce zazzage abubuwan baƙin ƙarfe kai tsaye daga baturin, da kuma sayar da cakuda ƙarfe kamar su manganese oxide, zinc oxide, jan ƙarfe da nickel oxide a matsayin sharar ƙarfe. Duk da haka, hanyar maganin zafi yana da tsada.

= 2 \ * GB3 2 Maganin rigar: Ban da baturi, kowane nau&39;in batura suna narkar da su a cikin sulfuric acid, sannan a fitar da karafa daban-daban daga maganin ta hanyar resin ion, kayan da aka samu ta wannan hanyar ana tsarkakewa, kuma baturin yana cikin baturi. Ana iya fitar da kashi 95% na abun. = 3 \ * GB33 vacuum heat treatment method: Hakanan ya kamata hanyar maganin zafi mai zafi ya zama mai arha, da farko a ware baturin nickel-cadmium a cikin batirin sharar gida, batirin sharar gida yana dumama a cikin vacuo, inda mercury ke tashi da sauri, wanda za&39;a iya dawo da shi, sannan sauran albarkatun ƙasa ana niƙa, kuma ana fitar da ƙarfe na ƙarfe tare da magnet da manganese.

4, baturin dawo da ingantaccen aiki na batirin sharar gida na iya inganta amfani da ƙarfe, rage fitar da iskar gas, da adana kuzari. Ɗaukar gubar a matsayin misali: makamashin da ake cinyewa daga gubar da aka sake yin fa&39;ida a cikin baturin sharar gida idan aka kwatanta da shan gubar kai tsaye daga ma&39;adinan fiye da 65%. Hakanan zai iya rage gubar da aka rasa ga muhalli, ta yadda za a rage buƙatun sabbin albarkatun ƙasa, da adana albarkatun ma&39;adinai a nan gaba.

Mun yi kiyasin cewa akwai kusan kashi 53% na iskar gas da ke sake sarrafa fitar da gubar fiye da hayaƙin da mai binciken ma&39;adinai ya yi. 5. Shawarwari don maganin dawo da batir mai sharar gida da farko: A kan "Dokar Rigakafin Tsabtace Sharar Sharar gida da Dokokin Kula da Sharar gida", an ba da manufofin masana&39;antu da dokoki da ka&39;idoji na sake amfani da sharar gida, da ainihin tsarin gudanarwa na ƙasata da ƙayyadaddun ƙa&39;idodin gudanarwa na aiki , Kafa cikakken tsarin kula da jigilar batirin sharar gida.

Na biyu: A cewar wanda gurbatar yanayi, wanda ke tafiyar da ka&39;idar, kamfanin samar da baturi ne ke da alhakin sake yin amfani da batir da aka yi amfani da shi, da kuma aiwatar da tsarin jinginar gidaje lokacin da ake sayarwa a cikin batura. Na uku: Gane ƙarancin ƙarancin mercury na samar da batir, ƙarfafa samar da batura masu caji. Ƙaddamar da ma&39;aunin sake yin amfani da baturi.

Na hudu: Kasar ta ba da wani tallafi na siyasa ga kamfanin sake yin amfani da batirin sharar gida, da kuma kyawun fasaha, kamfanin ya ba da lada kuma ya fi karfi. Na biyar: A cikin jaridu da talabijin, kafofin watsa labaru, suna yadawa da ilmantar da mutane, da kuma haɓaka fahimtar sake amfani da jama&39;a. Na hudu, koren baturi yana da mahimmanci don gabatar da baturin nickel hydride na ƙarfe, babu busasshen baturin alkaline zinc manganese maras mercury, baturin wutar lantarki, ƙwayar rana, koren kwayoyin halitta baturi biyar kore batura.

Batirin hydride nickel na ƙarfe yana da ƙarfin aiki iri ɗaya da na cadmium da baturin nickel, amma tun da ana amfani da sauran kayan azaman kayan aiki mara kyau, ana maye gurbin carcoon cadmium, wanda ba wai kawai ya sa wannan sabon baturi ya zama batir muhalli kore ba, amma kuma yana sanya baturin fiye da baturin Haɓaka kusan 40%. Ana fara amfani da wannan baturi a batir ɗin wayar hannu. A halin yanzu, kodayake a hankali ana maye gurbinsa da batirin lithium-ion akan wayoyin hannu, har yanzu yana kusan kashi 50% a aikace-aikacen wayar hannu na Turai da Amurka.

Batura busassun manganese na zinc mara ƙarancin alkali suna da ƙarfin mafi girma fiye da busassun batura na yau da kullun, kuma suna da ƙarfin fitarwa na yanzu. A cikin &39;yan shekarun nan, an yi amfani da foda na zinc wanda ba shi da mercury, don haka wannan baturi ya zama baturi mai launin kore kuma ya zama samfurori na yau da kullum a cikin ainihin baturi. Batirin wutar lantarki na&39;ura ce wacce mai da iskar oxygen ke dawwama kai tsaye.

Wannan na&39;urar samar da wutar lantarki ba wai kawai tana da inganci ba, kuma babu gurbataccen iskar gas, wanda zai kasance mai inganci da tsabtace wutar lantarki a nan gaba. Kamfanoni da yawa a gida da waje sun himmatu wajen haɓaka batura masu ƙarfin man fetur da suka dace da wayoyin hannu, kwamfutocin littafin rubutu. Da zarar sun sanya su, amfanin tattalin arzikinsu yana da yawa.

A halin yanzu ana amfani da ƙwayoyin hasken rana da silicon; gabaɗaya a cikin ƙaramin takardar siliki guda ɗaya nau&39;in electron-nau&39;in kristal a cikin boron sirara don samun kullin PN, sannan ƙara na&39;urorin lantarki. Lokacin da rana ta haskaka ga siririn jirgin boron, ƙarfin lantarki yana faruwa. Ana iya amfani da wannan baturi azaman wutar lantarki don kayan aiki akan tauraron dan adam.

Silicon, gallium arsenide kuma abu ne mai kyau don yin ƙwayoyin rana. Masu bincike na Green Organic Battery Jerusalem sun ƙera abin da ake kira "batir dankalin turawa", wanda shine sanya zinc da electrodes na jan ƙarfe a cikin dankalin dafaffe, tsari mai sauƙi "Boiled" zai iya sa wutar lantarki ta ninka sau 10 na asali sau 10. Ko da yake akwai ɗan rata tsakanin batirin lithium ion da muka saba da shi, yana da mutuƙar mutunta muhalli dari bisa dari.