Chii chinokanganisa mabhatiri emarara pane zvakatipoteredza?

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - ପୋର୍ଟେବଲ୍ ପାୱାର ଷ୍ଟେସନ୍ ଯୋଗାଣକାରୀ

Kutanga, bhatiri iri 1800 voluminous kushandisa mhangura, tini, uye mvura yemunyu kuti ibudirire kugadzira volt cell. Ikozvino, mabhatiri ese akaumbwa nekuisa simbi mbiri dzakasiyana mune imwecheteyo electrolyte mhinduro inonzi bhatiri revolt. Muna 1860, zvigadzirwa zveFrance zvePronecian zvinogona kubhadhariswa nemutobvu kuchaja maelectrodes, uye inogona kushandiswa kakawanda, ichidaidza sebhatiri.

Muna 1887, British Herlesson akagadzira bhatiri rekutanga rakaoma. 1890 Edison kugadzirwa rechargeable iron nickel bhatiri. 1899 Waldmarjungner akagadzira nickel-cadmium mabhatiri.

1914 Edison akagadzira alkaline bhatiri. 1954 Geraldpearson, Calvinfuller naDarylchapin vakagadzira masero ezuva. 1976 PhilipsTsvaga zvigadzirwa zvekumba nickel hydrogen bhatiri.

1991 Sony Kuchaja Lithium Ion Battery Commercial Production. Mushure megore ra2000, mabhatiri emagetsi emagetsi, masero ezuva akave chinangwa chenyaya nyowani dzekusimudzira simba pasi rese. Bhatiri yakakosha kubhatiri (bhatiri rekutanga), bhatiri rechipiri (rechargeable bhatiri), lead-acid bhatiri mapoka matatu, sumo yakakosha kune electrode reaction, yakazara maitiro uye zvakanakira uye nekuipa kwezinc manganese yakaoma mabhatiri, lithium-ion mabhatiri, uye bhatiri, yekudzidza mune ramangwana Reactive musimboti electrochemical chikamu kuisa hwaro.

Chechipiri, kusvibiswa kwemarara mabhatiri Zvakakosha kunotanga zvinhu zvinokuvadza, njodzi nemigumisiro yakakomba mumabhatiri emarara. Kutanga, kuburikidza netafura, zvinhu zvinokuvadza mubheteri yakajairika zvinotangwa. Zvinhu zvakakosha zvine njodzi zviri mubhatiri zvinosanganisira huwandu hukuru hwesimbi inorema uye asidhi, base uye imwe electrolyte mhinduro.

Pakati pavo, simbi inorema yakakosha, mercury, cadmium, lead, nickel, zingi, nezvimwe. Cadmium, mercury, lead chinhu chezvakatipoteredza uye hutano hwevanhu; zinc, nickel, nezvimwewo, kunyangwe zvichibatsira mune imwe nzvimbo yekusimbisa, asi munharaunda, muganho uchaitawo njodzi pamusoro pemuviri wemunhu; waste acid, waste base Mamwe maelectrolyte anogona kusvibisa nyika, zvichiita kuti ivhu rive acidification kana alkalization.

Zvadaro zvakasanganiswa ne block diagram kuratidza makemikari emakemikari uye njodzi dzehutano hwevanhu mumabhatiri emarara: rimwe remadunhurirwa bhatiri rinogona kuita 1 cubic mita ivhu rakarasika zvachose kukosha, 1 tablet bhatiri inogona kuita 600 matani emvura haigoni kunwa (yakaenzana nemunhu Kunwa mvura) (1) mercury: hove. 0.

1g. Muenzaniso: Isingapindi mvura (2) Cadmium: Necarcinogenic, nephrotoxicity. Muenzaniso: Marwadzo (3) Lead: Heavy metal lead ine kukuvadza kwakakomba kuprotein, saka ane mhedzisiro yakaipa pakuumbwa kwema enzymes uye hemes, zvichitungamira kune zvirwere zvakaita seanemia.

Mutobvu unogonawo kukonzera kusagadzikana kwetsinga, kukuvadza mapfupa, itsvo, zvichikonzera kukuvara kweitsvo. (4) Chromium: yekomboni yayo chromic acid, heavy chromating acid ine muchetura wakanyanya, inokurudzira, kupisa ganda remunhu uye mucosa. Hexavalent chromium inogona kukonzera kuderera kweleukocyte, kenza yemapapu.

Munasal chrome perforation, inogona kuve nechepfu nekudiridza ine 3.4-17.3mg / L trivalent chromium mvura.

(5) Zvimwe: Nickel: ine carcinogenic, inogona kukonzera allergic dermatitis. Sirivha: inogona kutungamirira kuupofu. Lithium: zvichikonzera zviratidzo zvakadai sefivha, zvichikonzera gastroenteritis, chirwere cheshuga.

Zinc: zvichiita kuti corneal ulceration, pulmonary edema. Chechitatu, kurapwa uye kushandiswa zvakare kwemarara mabhatiri 1, nyika yangu marara bhatiri kurapwa: nyika yangu inyika huru iri pamberi, ine gore negore goho rinopfuura 200 bhiriyoni, mazhinji acho mabhatiri anoraswa. Kukuvadza kwemabhatiri anoraswa kune zvakatipoteredza kwakakosha pakusvibiswa kwemekiyuri mumabhatiri emarara kune ivhu uye pasi pevhu.

Nekuvandudzwa kwenharembozha, nguva itsva yekutsiva nharembozha inopfupikiswa, uye pachave nemazana emabhatiri efoni anorasa. Panguva imwecheteyo, maererano nekuunganidza marara edzimba, kurongedza, kurapwa, kushaikwa kwemari, kuita nhamba huru yemabhatiri emarara uye marara emumba, marara, uko kunodonha kwesimbi inorema, zvichikonzera ivhu nemvura yepasi, zvichikonzera kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza Dambudziko remarara riri kuwedzerawo mukurumbira. 2, Europe, United States, mhinduro dzenyika dzeJapan dzekugadzirisa kusvibiswa kwebhatiri: Germany inopa mirau mitsva yekutonga kwemabhatiri emarara, uye inoshandisa kutenga kwemabhatiri emercury, ndiko kuti, vatengi kutenga bhatiri rega rega.

15 mucherechedzo, kana vatengi vakatsiva bhatiri rekare kuchitoro, mutengo unobviswa otomatiki. Zvadaro, kutamisa vagadziri recycling kurapwa. United States yakagadzira marara bhatiri recycling system uye yakagadzira akati wandei emishonga yekurapa.

Parizvino, iri bhatiri-isina mercury, isingakuvadze nharaunda, uye inogona kusanganiswa nemarara epamba. Nezve bhatiri rechipiri uye nharembozha bhatiri, US Nickel-cadmium bhatiri inogadzira yakagadzira iyo Recycling Association, imwe neimwe nhengo yekambani inobhadhara muripo wekurapa kumubatanidzwa nekugadzira, inoshandiswa kuunganidza bhatiri nekufambisa uye kugadzirisa. Kudzokororwa kwegore negore kweJapan kwemabhatiri emarara kubvira kuma1980, uye gore rinowedzera gore negore.

Parizvino, mabhatiri emumba emuJapan haana mercury, izvo zvakakosha kudzoreredza mabheti esimbi makanda uye makuva matema, uye kuita chechipiri chigadzirwa kusimudzira. Kana iri bhatiri rechipiri uye nharembozha bhatiri, rinoitwawo nesimba nemugadziri, kunyanya iyo cobalt purofiti mune yakadzoserwa lithium-ion bhatiri yakakura kwazvo. 3, marara emumba nekunze bhatiri kugadzirisa tekinoroji yepasi rose marara bhatiri nzira yekugadzira: yepasirese inowanikwa marara bhatiri nzira yekugadzira ine marudzi matatu: kuomeswa kwakavigwa zvakadzika, kunoiswa mumarara shaft, kudzokorodza.

(1). Kurapa uye kuvigwa zvakadzika, zvakachengetwa mumabhatiri emarara emigodhi, kazhinji anotumirwa kune akasarudzika ane muchetura, anokuvadza marara, asi nzira iyi haingopedzi yakawandisa chete, asi zvakare inokonzeresa marara, nekuti kuchine zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvekushandisa. (2).

Kudzokorodza = 1 \ * GB31 kupisa kurapwa: Imwe nzira ndeyekufura bhatiri rekare uye kutumirwa kuchoto kunopisa. Panguva ino, iyo inoputika mercury inogona kutorwa. Kana tembiricha yakwira, zingi zvakare inoputika kana tembiricha yakwira, zvakare chinhu chakakosha.

Mushure mesimbi uye manganese, inova manganese iron alloy inodiwa pakugadzira simbi. Imwe nzira ndeyekubvisa zvinhu zvesimbi zvakananga kubva mubhatiri, uye kutengesa musanganiswa wesimbi senge manganese oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide uye nickel oxide semarara esimbi. Zvisinei, nzira yekurapa kupisa inodhura.

= 2 \ * GB3 2 Kurapwa kwemvura: Kunze kwebhatiri, marudzi ese emabhatiri anonyungudutswa mu sulfuric acid, uye obva abvisa simbi dzakasiyana kubva mumhinduro neion resin, iyo mbishi inowanikwa nenzira iyi inonatswa, uye bhatiri rinosanganisirwa mubhatiri. 95% yechinhu chinogona kutorwa. = 3 \ * GB33 vacuum kupisa kupisa nzira: Iyo vacuum yekupisa kupisa nzira inofanirawo kunge yakachipa, kutanga kugadzirisa nickel-cadmium bhatiri mubhatiri remarara, bhatiri remarara rinopisa muvacuo, uko mercury inokurumidza kubuda, iyo inogona kudzoserwa, zvino iyo yakasara Iyo yakasvibira inogayiwa, uye iyo simbi simbi inoramba iine upfu uye manganese simbi inoramba iine upfu.

4, kudzoreredza kudzoreredza bhatiri remarara bhatiri rinogona kuvandudza kushandiswa kwesimbi, kuderedza greenhouse gasi kubuda, uye kuchengetedza simba. Kutora semuenzaniso semuenzaniso: simba rinopedzwa kubva kune yakadzokororwa inotungamira mumarara bhatiri kana ichienzaniswa neyakatorwa yakananga yekudyiwa kwe lead kubva kune ore inodarika 65%. Inogona zvakare kuderedza lead yakarasika kunharaunda, nekudaro ichidzikisa kudiwa kwezvinhu zvitsva, kuchengetedza zvicherwa mune ramangwana.

Tinofungidzira kuti pane 53% yemagasi egreenhouse anodzokorodza kuburitswa kwemutobvu kupfuura kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse kumuongorori wemigodhi. 5. Kurudziro yemarara bhatiri kudzoreredza kurapwa kutanga: Pahwaro hwe "Solid Waste Kudzivirira uye Kudzora Mutemo", iyo indasitiri mutemo uye mitemo nemirau yekudzokorodza tsvina inopihwa, uye nyika yangu chaiyo manejimendi maitiro uye yakananga mashandiro ekutonga , Gadzira yakakwana tsvina yebhatiri yekufambisa hurongwa.

Chechipiri: Zvinoenderana nekuti ndiani kusvibiswa, anotonga musimboti, kambani yekugadzira bhatiri ine basa rekudzokorodza mabhatiri emarara akashandiswa, uye kushandisa renji system kana uchitengesa mumabhatiri. Chechitatu: Ziva yakaderera uye mercury-freeization yekugadzirwa kwebhatiri, simbisa kugadzirwa kwemabhatiri anochajwa. Kuwedzera chiyero chekugadzirisa bhatiri.

Chechina: Nyika inopa imwe tsigiro yegwaro rekambani yekudzokorodza bhatiri remarara, uye kugona kwehunyanzvi, kambani yakapa mubairo uye yakasimba. Chechishanu: Mumapepanhau neterevhizheni, zvinobudisa nhau, zvinoshambadza uye kudzidzisa vanhu, uye kusimudzira ruzivo rweveruzhinji rwezvekushandisa patsva. Chechina, bhatiri rakasvibirira rakakosha kuunza simbi hydride nickel bhatiri, hapana mercury-isina alkaline zinc manganese yakaoma bhatiri, bhatiri remagetsi, solar cell, green organic bhatiri mabhatiri egirini mashanu.

Iyo simbi hydride nickel bhatiri ine simba rekushanda rakafanana necadmium uye nickel bhatiri, asi sezvo zvimwe zvinhu zvichishandiswa seyakaipa electrode inoshanda chinhu, carcoon cadmium inotsiviwa, izvo zvisingaite chete kuti bhatiri idzva iri rive rakasvibira bhatiri remamiriro ekunze, asi zvakare rinoita bhatiri kupfuura bhatiri Simudza inoda kusvika 40%. Bhatiri iri rinotanga kushandiswa mumabhatiri enharembozha. Parizvino, kunyangwe ichitsiviwa zvishoma nezvishoma nemabhatiri e-lithium-ion panharembozha, ichiri kutenderedza 50% muEuropean neAmerican mobile application.

Miluminous alkali-isina zinc manganese yakaoma mabhatiri ane huwandu hwepamusoro pane akajairwa mabhatiri akaoma, uye ane yakakwirira ikozvino yekuburitsa. Mumakore achangopfuura, mercury-isina zinc poda yakashandiswa, saka bhatiri iri rave bhatiri rakasvibira uye rave zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ese mubhatiri rekutanga. Iyo mafuta emagetsi bhatiri mudziyo unotsigirwa zvakananga nemafuta uye oxidant.

Ichi chishandiso chekugadzira magetsi hachishande chete, uye hapana gasi rakasvibiswa rinobuda, rinova remangwana rakanaka uye rekuchenesa simba rekugadzira. Makambani mazhinji emunyika nekune dzimwe nyika akazvipira kugadzira mabhatiri emagetsi emafuta anokodzera nharembozha, macomputer emabhuku. Kana vakangodziisa, zvikomborero zvavo zvehupfumi zvakakura.

Parizvino anoshandiswa masero ezuva anogadzirwa nesilicon; kazhinji mubepa diki reelectron-type single crystal silicon ichipinda muboron yakatetepa kuti uwane PN knot, wobva wawedzera maelectrodes. Kana zuva richipenya kune ndege yakaonda yeboron, simba remagetsi rinoitika. Iri bhatiri rinogona kushandiswa semagetsi ekushandisa pane satellite yemunhu.

Silicon, gallium arsenide zvakare chinhu chakanaka chekugadzira masero ezuva. Vatsvakurudzi veGreen Organic Battery Jerusalem vakagadzira inonzi "mbatatisi bhatiri", iyo ndeyokuisa zinc nemhangura electrodes mumatato akabikwa, nyore "yakabikwa" nzira inogona kuita kuti magetsi ave 10 nguva yepakutanga 10 nguva. Kunyangwe paine kagero kadiki pakati pe lithium ion bhatiri yatakashandisa kutsika yedu, yakazara 100% inoshamwaridzana zvakatipoteredza.