What is the impact of waste batteries on the environment?

　　Author ：Iflowpower – Portable Power Station Supplier

First, the battery is 1800 voluminous to use copper, tin, and salt water to successfully manufacture the volt cell. Now, all batteries formed by placing two different metals into the same electrolyte solution are called a volt battery. In 1860, France's Pronecian inventions can be charged with lead to charge the electrodes, and it can be used repeatedly, called it as a battery.

In 1887, British Herlesson invented the earliest dry battery. 1890 Edison invention rechargeable iron nickel battery. 1899 Waldmarjungner invented nickel-cadmium batteries.

1914 Edison invented alkaline battery. 1954 Geraldpearson, CalvinfullerandDarylchapin developed solar cells. 1976 PhilipsResearch home inventions nickel hydrogen battery.

1991 Sony Charging Lithium Ion Battery Commercial Production. After 2000, fuel power batteries, solar cells have become the focus of new energy development issues around the world. The battery is important to a battery (primary battery), a secondary battery (rechargeable battery), lead-acid battery three categories, important introduction to the electrode reaction, total reactions and advantages and disadvantages of zinc manganese dry batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and battery, for future learning Reactive principle electrochemical part laying foundation.

Second, the pollution of waste batteries Important introduces harmful substances, hazards and serious consequences in waste batteries. First, through the table, the harmful substances in the common battery are introduced. The important hazardous substances contained in the battery include a large amount of heavy metals and an acid, base and other electrolyte solution.

Among them, heavy metals are important, mercury, cadmium, lead, nickel, zinc, etc. Cadmium, mercury, lead is a substance of the environment and human health; zinc, nickel, etc., although it is beneficial in a certain concentration range, but in the environment, the limit will also constitute a hazard about the human body; waste acid, waste base The other electrolytes may contaminate the land, making land acidification or alkalization.

Then combined with block diagram to illustrate the chemicals of chemicals and human health hazards in waste batteries: one nickname battery can make 1 cubic meter soil permanently lost value, 1 tablet battery can make 600 tons of water can not drink (equivalent to a person Drinking water) (1) mercury: fish can be poisoned in 0.01-0.02mg / L water, and human consumption is 0.

1g. Example: Waterproof (2) Cadmium: With carcinogenic, nephrotoxicity. Example: Pain (3) Lead: Heavy metal lead has serious damage to the protein, so he has adverse effects on the synthesis of enzymes and hemes, leading to diseases such as anemia.

Lead can also cause neurological disorders, cause harm to bones, kidneys, causing kidney injury. (4) Chromium: of its compound chromic acid, heavy chromating acid has severe toxicity, stimulating, burning human skin and mucosa. Hexavalent chromium can cause leukocyte decline, lung cancer.

In the nasal chrome perforation, it can be poisoned by irrigation with 3.4-17.3mg / L trivalent chromium water.

(5) Other: Nickel: has carcinogenic, can cause allergic dermatitis. Silver: can lead to blindness. Lithium: resulting in symptoms such as fever, causing gastroenteritis, diabetes.

Zinc: resulting in corneal ulceration, pulmonary edema. Third, the treatment and re-use of waste batteries 1, my country's waste battery treatment: my country is a large country in the forefront, with an annual output of more than 200 billion, most of which are disposable batteries. The harm of disposable batteries to the environment is important to the pollution of mercury in waste batteries to soil and groundwater.

With the development of mobile communications, new old mobile phone replacement time is shortened, and there will be hundreds of waste mobile phone batteries. At the same time, in terms of domestic garbage collection, classification, treatment, lack of capital, make a large number of waste batteries and ordinary domestic garbage, landfill, where heavy metal leaks, resulting in soil and ground water, resulting in environmental pollution The problem of waste is also increasingly prominent. 2, Europe, United States, Japanese national solutions to solve battery pollution: Germany provides new regulations for the management of waste batteries, and implements the purchase of mercury batteries, that is, consumers to buy each battery.

15 mark, when consumers have replaced the old battery back to the store, the price is automatically deducted. Then, transfer manufacturers recycling treatment. The United States created a waste battery recycling system and established a number of treatment plants.

At present, it is basically a battery-free mercury, which is harmless to the environment, and can be mixed with general domestic garbage. Regarding the secondary battery and mobile phone battery, US Nickel-cadmium battery manufacturer established the Recycling Association, each member company pays the treatment fee to the association by production, used for battery collection and transportation and processing. Japan's annual recycling of waste batteries since the 1980s, and the year increases year by year.

At present, Japanese domestic batteries have no mercury, which is important to recover battery iron shells and black tombs, and carry out secondary product development. As for the secondary battery and mobile phone battery, it is also actively carried out by the manufacturer, especially the cobalt profit in the recovered lithium-ion battery is very considerable. 3, domestic and foreign waste battery processing technology international waste battery processing method: internationally available waste battery processing method has three types: solidification is deeply buried, deposited in waste shaft, recycling.

(1). Curing and deep buried, stored in waste mine waste batteries, generally shipped to specialty toxic, harmful landfills, but this approach not only spends too much, but also causes waste, because there are still a lot of materials for raw materials. (2).

Recycling = 1 \ * GB31 heat treatment: One method is to graze the old battery and sent to the furnace to heat it. At this time, the volatile mercury can be extracted. When the temperature is higher, the zinc also evaporates when the temperature is higher, it is also a valuables.

After iron and manganese, becomes the manganese iron alloy required for steelmaking. Another method is to extract iron elements directly from the battery, and sell metal mixture such as manganese oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide and nickel oxide as a metal waste. However, the method of heat treatment is expensive.

= 2 \ * GB3 2 Wet treatment: Except for the battery, all kinds of batteries are dissolved in sulfuric acid, and then extract various metals from the solution by ion resin, the raw material obtained in this manner is purified, and the battery is included in the battery. 95% of the substance can be extracted. = 3 \ * GB33 vacuum heat treatment method: The vacuum heat treatment method should also be cheap, first to sort the nickel-cadmium battery in the waste battery, the waste battery is heated in vacuo, where mercury is rapidly evaporated, which can be recovered, then the remaining The raw material is grinded, and the metal iron is extracted with a magnet, and then nickel and manganese from the remainder powder.

4, the recovery efficiency recovery battery of the waste battery can improve metal utilization, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and save energy. Taking lead as an example: the energy consumed from the recycled lead in the waste battery compared with the direct intake of lead consumption from the ore more than 65%. It can also reduce lead lost to the environment, thereby reducing the demand for new raw materials, saving mineral resources in the future.

We estimate that there is about 53% of greenhouse gases that recycle lead emissions than the greenhouse gas emissions of mining researcher. 5. Recommendations for waste battery recovery treatment first: On the basis of "Solid Waste Prevention and Control Law", the industry policy and laws and regulations of waste recycling are issued, and my country's actual management approach and specific operational rules of management , Establish a perfect waste battery transport management system.

Second: According to who pollution, who governs the principle, battery production company is responsible for recycling used waste batteries, and implemented a mortgage system when selling in batteries. Third: Realize low and mercury-freeization of battery production, strengthen production of rechargeable batteries. Lotifying the scale of battery recycling.

Fourth: The country gives a certain policy support for the recycling company of the waste battery, and the technical excellence, the company has given a reward and stronger. Fifth: In newspapers and television, media, publicize and educate people, and cultivate the public's recycling consciousness. Fourth, the green battery is important to introduce metal hydride nickel battery, no mercury-free alkaline zinc manganese dry battery, fuel power battery, solar cell, green organic battery five green batteries.

The metal hydride nickel battery has the same operating voltage as the cadmium and nickel battery, but since other materials are used as the negative electrode active substance, the carcoon cadmium is replaced, which not only makes this new battery become a green environmental battery, but also makes the battery than the battery Raise nearly 40%. This battery is first used in mobile phone batteries. At present, although it is gradually replaced by lithium-ion batteries on mobile phones, it is still around 50% in European and American mobile applications.

Miluminous alkali-free zinc manganese dry batteries have higher capacity than ordinary dry batteries, and have high current discharge capabilities. In recent years, mercury-free zinc powder has been applied, so this battery has become a green battery and has become mainstream products in the original battery. The fuel power battery is a device that is directly sustained by the fuel and an oxidant.

This power generation device is not only efficient, and there is no contaminated gas discharge, which is a future efficient and cleaning power generation. Many companies at home and abroad are committed to developing fuel power batteries suitable for mobile phones, notebook computers. Once they put them, their economic benefits are great.

Currently used solar cells are made of silicon; generally in the small sheet of electron-type single crystal silicon into a thin layer boron to obtain a PN knot, then add electrodes. When the day is radiant to the thin plane of boron, an electric force occurs. This battery can be used as a power supply for instrumentation on the human satellite.

Silicon, gallium arsenide is also a good material for making solar cells. The researchers of Green Organic Battery Jerusalem have developed a so-called "potato battery", which is to put zinc and copper electrodes into cooked potatoes, simple "boiled" process can make electricity be 10 times the original 10 times. Although there is a small gap between the lithium ion battery we used to our habit, it is completely 100% environmentally friendly.