"Iningi elibili" nezindlela zokwelashwa ezihambisanayo zenqubo yokutholwa kwebhethri ye-asidi eholayo

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Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokujula okwengeziwe "kweGreen Water Qingshan yi" Jinshan Yinshan Yinshan ", umbuso wethule imisebenzi eminingi yokuvikela isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza. Esenzweni, kutholwe ukuthi izinkinga zemvelo ekuhambeni kwebhethri ye-dermlicate ziya ngokuya ziphezulu. Ubeke ukubaluleka okukhulu eminyangweni yombuso efanele, futhi kancane kancane ufaka uhlelo lokulawula olubalulekile lukazwelonke.

UMnyango Wezokuvikela Imvelo, Umnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa, Umnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, Umnyango Wezezindlu Nokwakha, ukhiphe uchungechunge "lwemithetho yokulahlwa okuqinile" kanye "nehhovisi likazwelonke [2017] No. 99, esikhishiwe, njengokuthi" umthetho wemfucuza eqinile "kanye" nehhovisi likahulumeni [2017] No. 99).

"Izinyathelo Eziphethe Zohlelo Lokuhlukaniswa Kwemfucuza Yasekhaya", "Ukuqoqwa Kwebhethri Lemfucuza kanye Nezinyathelo Zokulawula Ukudlulisa Izinyathelo Zomsebenzi Wokuhlola" Indlela yokungena ohlelweni, ikhanda lekhanda lezokwelapha, unyawo lukadokotela, kwenza imakethe ingabi namandla. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngokombono wabasebenzi, "izinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu" kanye nezinyathelo zokwelashwa ezihambisanayo zenqubo yokubuyiswa kwebhethri le-asidi yomthofu kuhlanganiswe ngokombono wabasebenzi. I.

Isimo samanje sokutholwa kwebhethri le-asidi eholayo saziwa kahle. Umbiko wonyaka wezwe lami ungamathani ayizigidi eziyisi-6 zamabhethri e-lead-asidi kadoti, akhula unyaka nonyaka, futhi izwe lami lingelinye lamazwe ambalwa athole u-100% wamabhethri e-asidi ewudoti. Enqubweni yokugaywa kabusha, ukugcinwa, ukulahlwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa, kube nenani elikhulu lokungcoliswa kwemvelo, njenge-asidi ehlanekezelwe, ukuhlakazwa kwangasese, ukuncibilika kwangasese, njll.

ohlelweni lokubuyiswa kwebhethri le-lead-acid. Ngokuyinhloko kungenxa yokuqoqwa kwebhethri le-lead-acid yesikhashana isixhumanisi ohlelweni, akukho ukugada okungakhawulelwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ohlelweni lokugeleza ekuhwebeni kwemakethe ebhethri ye-lead-acid, i-85% ivela kubantu, futhi intela yokufaka ayitholakali kumuntu.

Okunye okungu-15% ophikweni lokukhiqiza olufana neselula, i-China Unicom, njll. Izindinganiso zebhethri elinomthofu onomthofu zivuselele inkampani eholayo inani lensimbi ehola ithani elingaphansi kwama-yuan angu-2,000, inkokhelo yentela, futhi inkampani egaywa kabusha ngokungemthetho ayinayo intela nezindleko zokuvikela indawo ezungezile, futhi ukukhuphuka kwamayuan angu-200 kwanele ukugudluza yonke imakethe, futhi ipeni liqondile. , Imvelo yokuncintisana enonya.

Kunezici ezimbili ezinkulu ze-crucible ye-waste lead-acid recovery battery. Kunenani elikhulu lokuwa kwangasese, okuhlakazwa ngasese, okugelezela ukuhlakazwa, ukuncibilika okungekho emthethweni, nolunye uchungechunge lwendawo engcolile; okwesibili uchungechunge lwenzuzo empunga olubangelwa ngokungaphelele uchungechunge lwentela, ngaleyo ndlela luvele njengezintela zokweba, i-invoyisi evulekile ebonakalayo, ukuphihliza intengo, njll. Okwesibili, ukutholwa kwebhethri leasidi yomthofu elahliwe kanye nendlela yoku-1 yokucubungula isiphakamiso: Ukubekwa kwesikhashana kwebhethri le-asidi yomthofu akumisiwe.

Njengamanje, i-100% yamabhethri e-lead-acid yasekhaya ayasetshenziswa kabusha, okungama-85% awo atholwa ngamabhethri e-asidi yomthofu. Inkampani noma iqembu ligaya kabusha, 10% ligaywe kabusha yizinkampani eziholayo ezikhiqiza kabusha, 5% ligaywe kabusha yizinkampani zamabhethri. Ngemuva koMkhandlu Kazwelonke No.

99, inkampani yokucubungula ibhethri igeja inqubomgomo, futhi kukholakala ukuthi ibhethri le-acid ehola imfucuza ingathola kuphela inkampani yokucubungula, futhi indiva ukukhishwa kwabasebenzi bezinkampani ezigaya kabusha ezingochwepheshe, indlela yokuphatha kahle, nokuqwashisa ngenhlekelele Futhi ukulawulwa kwesiqondiso sokugeleza, ukunambitheka okukodwa "kungakwazi ukucubungula inkampani kuphela ukuqoqa, kungasiza isitolo, izimoto zokuhamba kanye namayunithi okudlulisa, njll." Ngenkathi i-micro, yenza imakethe ibe nochungechunge lwezimo ezingcolile. Iningi lezinkampani ezigayelwe kabusha ezigaywe kabusha kancane kancane zidonsa imicabango yazo emakethe engcolile, zisheshisa ukwakhiwa kokumiswa nokudluliswa kwebhethri le-lead-asidi kadoti, futhi zenze ngokuqinile amamodeli amasha ohlelo olujwayelekile lokugaywa kabusha, futhi zidlale isifanekiso sokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe.

Kudingeka ukuthi kube neSichuan, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, njll., iqoqo layo lebhethri le-lead-acid ewudoti, izinga lokugcina lesikhashana, ama-akhawunti anemininingwane, ukudluliswa okuqinile koshintsho, imoto yokuthutha ihlangabezana nezidingo, umkhiqizo uyalelwa ukuthi ulawule inkampani ehola ukuvuselelwa, Bonisa isimo se-loop esingenasici. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi akukho ukusekelwa kwenqubomgomo okuhlanganisiwe, izifundazwe eziningi zingasekelwe kuphela ekuchazeni kwazo inqubomgomo yasekuqaleni, ukwesekwa kuhlukile, izinga lokuqalisa lihlukile, ukudluliswa kwamabhethri e-lead-asidi kusengaphandle kwesistimu, kuyingozi.

Ngomhla ziyisi-7 kuNovemba 2017, iPhini likaNgqongqoshe we-Zhao Yingmin, uMnyango Wezokuvikela Imvelo, wengamele "Indlela Yokulawulwa Kwelayisense Yemfucuza Eyingozi (Uhlaka Olubuyekeziwe) (Okusalungiswa)", efana ne-flat-ranze, vumela ochwepheshe, Umabi wefa udayela inkungu enzima futhi wathola inkinga yokuxazulula inkinga. Indlela yokuphatha okusalungiswa kuqala ihlanganisa ibhethri le-acid ehola udoti ebangeni lamalayisensi okuphatha imfucuza eyingozi, futhi icacisa ukuthi imisebenzi yokusebenza yebhethri lemfucuza idinga ukuguqulwa, kanye nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokusetshenziswa nezimfuneko zezomthetho zelayisensi. Lena injongo ebaluleke kakhulu yokutholwa kwebhethri le-lead-acid yamanje.

Ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa iziqephu, lezi zinzuzo ezintathu ezilandelayo zibaliwe: Inzuzo 1: Uhulumeni unomthetho ngokuhambisana nebhethri le-lead-acid ewudoti, elingafakiwe esigabeni selayisense yokusebenza kwemfucuza engozini Ngaphambi kobubanzi, izifundazwe eziningi namabhethri e-lead-acid alahliwe yidolobha ngokuyisisekelo bekuyimisebenzi engaphansi komhlaba. Vele uthole indawo engenzi lutho, ecashile ukuze wenze umsebenzi wokugaywa kabusha, uhulumeni kunzima ukuwulawula kusukela ekulawuleni umthombo. "Uhlaka" lunikeze yonke imibhalo yenqubomgomo kahulumeni wendawo, edinga ukuthi zonke izinkampani ezikhiqiza amabhethri ezikhiqiza amabhethri ziguqule ngokugcwele ukusebenza, ngemva kobufakazi, indawo yezokuthutha ilawulwa, imoto yokuthutha ihlangabezana nezidingo, ukugeleza kokulawula ukudluliswa, yonke indlela ingaphansi kokuqondisa kwesistimu, Kulula kusuka ekulawuleni umthombo.

Inzuzo yesi-2: Izinqubomgomo ezisekelwa imboni ngenani elikhulayo lokuqwashisa kwezakhamizi, izidingo eziqinile zokuvikela imvelo, inkampani egaya kabusha yebhethri enomthofu kufanele imise ukusebenza ngokuphuthumayo, kodwa ihlushwa ukungasekelwa okufanele kwenqubomgomo. Ukukhishwa "kokusalungiswa" ngokungangabazeki kufana nokuthatha isikhathi eside, ukuze umqondo wokusebenza okungokoqobo okuvela embonini ungawa ngempela. Umuntu ophethe inkampani esebenza ngokugaywa kabusha kwezinto uthe: “Sifuna futhi ukulinganisa ukusebenza, kodwa akukho ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo, ngokuvamile uhulumeni akaphenduli, senza imboni yokuvikela imvelo, kuyilapho sijabule, lesi akusona isikhathi eside.

". Izinzuzo 3: "Okusalungiswa" kucacisa umqondo wemakethe yokuphathwa kwemakethe, ihlinzeka ngendlela efanele. Ngemva kwemisebenzi yokutholwa kwebhethri ene-asidi eholayo, inkampani eqinisekisiwe ingasebenza ngokuvumelana nomthetho, futhi ukugaywa kabusha okungekho emthethweni kuzoyenza ihoxe ngokwemvelo esigabeni somlando; futhi inkampani ingaphinda igade ukugeleza kwamabhethri e-lead-asidi kadoti phakathi kwenkampani nenkampani yezitifiketi.

Ukulawulwa kwezimakethe kuyalele ukuthuthukiswa. Ukutholwa kwebhethri le-lead-acid engcolile kuyingxenye yamaminerali kazwelonke asemadolobheni. Kunzima ukuhlangana emnyangweni wezwe wokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kodwa imakethe yokuphatha imakethe kuphela engakwazi ukucacisa kahle ukungasebenzi kahle kwemboni, ukuthola inkinga.

Imithi ebhalwe ngemithi. Kafushane, i-crucible yebhethri ye-lead-acid eholayo ithole ngempumelelo imibhalo yenqubomgomo esebenzayo - "" Uhlaka Olusalungiswa "(Okusalungiswa)", Umnyango Kazwelonke Wokuvikelwa Kwemvelo ukhiphe amadokhumenti asemthethweni ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka Ngokushesha, vumela imakethe yokutholwa kwebhethri le-asidi ibheke ekuqondeni okuhlelekile, okunobungani kwemvelo futhi okunempilo. UKhomishana 2: Iqoqo lebhethri le-lead-acid elitholwayo Iketanga lentela elingaphelele le-lead-acid yebhethri Ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri "i-tax crux" izici zomkhiqizo eziyingqayizivele ze-asidi eholayo ewudoti, u-85% webhethri le-asidi yomthofu uvela kubantu, futhi intela yokufaka ayitholakali.

Okunye okungu-15% okuvela ekukhiqizeni amayunithi kadoti afana neselula, i-Unicom, kodwa izinkampani eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi ibhethri elahliwe le-asidi yomthofu ingeyokuthengiswa kwayo kwempahla engaguquki, ama-invoyisi ajwayelekile entela engeziwe akhishwe kuphela, futhi ayikwazi ukukhipha, okuholela kuyo yonke inkampani eholayo evuselelayo i-Suffer. Njengamanje, izinga lokukhokha intela lenkampani yezimboni jikelele liphakathi kuka-2-4%, futhi inkampani eholayo evuselelekayo esezingeni ifinyelela ku-11.9% (leli izinga lokukhokha intela ngemva kwama-30%), okusho ukuthi, ukugaywa kabusha ngakunye kulahlwa ngethani elilodwa lomthofu wokuvuselela.

Inkokhelo yentela engaphansi kuka-2,000 yuan. Umphumela wezinga eliphezulu lentela eliwayo ukuthi ukumiswa kwezinkampani eziholayo ezivuselelekayo kusengozini emqhudelwaneni wezimakethe, "uhlamvu lwemali oluphansi oluxoshiwe" amaphuzu avelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze ngizuze izinzuzo zokuncintisana, ngiqhamuke "nobuqili".

Uma ngithengisa amabhethri amasha, kufanele ngithenge umsabalalisi noma ngithenge i-invoyisi yebhethri entsha "ukusetshenziswa okwanele", ngibeke i-invoyisi yebhethri entsha njengebhethri elidala elidala. Okokufaka kudonsiwe, kubonakala kunengqondo, empeleni, kuwumqondo wokweba, ukwephula umthetho wentela, ukubalekela intela. Ngokusho kwenkampani eholayo yokuvuselela kabusha, ibhethri le-lead-acid elidoti lizokhokha i-17% yenkokhelo yentela ngethani ngalinye, ukuhola kokuvuselelwa konyaka, ngenani lokuhola eliphakathi konyaka elingu-16500, elilodwa kuphela, izwe lizolahlekelwa cishe ngama-5.

3 billion wama-yuan ngonyaka. Intela. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuhlongozwa ukuba izwe likhokhele amaphuzu entela embonini yezinsiza ezivuselelekayo kusukela ekwakhiweni okuphezulu.

Kusixhumanisi sokutakula, intela izoboniswa ngaphakathi kokuphathwa kwesistimu. Nakuba ukugada okuthuthukisiwe, kuyiqiniso ukuthi zonke izixhumanisi ochungechungeni lwemboni yomnotho oyindilinga ziyiqiniso. Okokuqala, inkampani yokubuyisela ibhethri le-asidi kadoti yamukela inqubomgomo yokusekelwa yezinga eliphansi lentela engaguquki, ikhokha intela ye-value-added ngokuya ngo-3%; okwesibili ukubhekana nenkampani yokulahlwa kwebhethri ye-lead-acid, okungukuthi, inkampani yokucubungula umthofu evuselelwe, nokusebenzisa i-homogeneration.

Imvume yokukhokha i-invoyisi ngokwenkampani egaya kabusha (okungukuthi u-3% wentela yokufaka) ukuze kudonswe imali ebanjwayo, ngemva kokudonsa inqubomgomo yokusekelwa kwentela eyengeziwe, ngokuya ngenqubomgomo yangempela yokwesekwa kwentela yenani elingeziwe. Kunezinzuzo ezintathu ngaphezu kwezinzuzo ezintathu eziphezulu yenani lokutholwa kwebhethri elingenawo udoti le-asidi: Inzuzo 1: Ithuthukise umthwalo wentela wenkampani ethola ibhethri elinomthofu, yazinzisa umthombo wentela, futhi yaqaphela izinga lentela lemboni yemboni yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri elinomthofu. Tax negative, uqaphile, kulula ukugada, kucatshangelwa inkampani, lula ukuthuthukiswa.

Inzuzo yesi-2: Yehlisa umthwalo wentela wokulinganisa inkampani ekhiqiza kabusha umthofu, enamandla okwenza amandla amakhulu, futhi ithuthukise ukuncishiswa kokungcoliswa kwensimbi esindayo kuzwelonke, kanye nezinga eliphelele lokusebenzisa izinsiza linikelwa kakhulu. Inzuzo yesi-3: Ukusungula uhlelo oluphelele lochungechunge lwentela olunentela enenani elingeziwe, elibonisa isikhuthazo sikazwelonke sokugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza ezivuselelekayo, ukukhuthaza ukonga amandla nokuhlelwa kokunciphisa ukungcola, kucatshangelwa ukulunga, imithombo yentela ezinzile, kanye nokuzuza imboni yezinsiza ezivuselelekayo. Okusho ukuthi, ngemuva kokudonswa kwezinga eliphansi lentela, inkinga yezinsiza zokuvuselela umthofu kuzobhekwana nayo, kodwa futhi nezinkinga kuzo zonke imboni yezinsiza ezivuselelekayo zasekhaya, futhi incazelo ifinyelela kude kakhulu.

Ngokombono womsebenzi, umbhali ukholelwa ukuthi ukuphathwa kwesixhumanisi sokuthola ibhethri le-asidi engcolile kungenziwa. Uma izwe lingakwazi ukusebenzisa "Indlela Yokulawulwa Kwelayisense Yemfucuza Eyingozi (Uhlaka Olubuyekeziwe)" Umthombo wentela webhethri le-asidi uzokwazi ukuqondisa inhlanganisela yenhlanganisela, ishubhu ephindwe kabili, ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okungenangqondo kwemboni yezinsiza ezivuselelekayo, ukuvula ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lead-acid, futhi uqaphele "Amanzi Aluhlaza Qingshan Yinshan" akhishwe ngokushesha njengeYinshan.