I-Australia ihlela ukutshala imboni yokugaywa kabusha kwamaseli elanga ukuze kugwenywe ukungcoliswa kwemvelo

著者：Iflowpower – Fornitur Portable Power Station

I-Australia ikhombise intshisekelo kumandla elanga. Manje, isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila yephaneli yelanga cishe iminyaka engu-20, ngakho ukufakwa okuningi okusuka ekuqaleni kwawo-2000 kuzofinyelela impilo yesevisi. Ingabe ekugcineni ziyayilahla noma zigaywe kabusha? Izindleko zokuphinda zigaywe kabusha ziphezulu kunendawo yokulahla imfucuza, inani lezinto ezitholiwe lingaphansi kwento yokuqala, ngakho-ke intshisekelo yokuphinda isetshenziswe inqunyelwe.

Kodwa-ke, uma kucatshangelwa ukuba khona kwezinsimbi ezisindayo ezifana nomthofu nethini, uma ukuphathwa kukadoti kungalungile, sizongena kwenye inkinga yokugaywa kabusha. Kodwa-ke, uma imboni yezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni wonke inentshisekelo yokuvuselela imikhiqizo yelanga, khona-ke amabhomu esikhathi angaba khona angase alethe amathuba. Uma zikhishwa endaweni ezungezile, izinto eziyingozi kuphaneli ye-scrap zingaholela ekungcoleni okukhulu nezinkinga zempilo.

Ukuze uvale umjikelezo kumjikelezo wamandla, umsebenzi olandelayo wemboni yephaneli yelanga ukulahlwa kokuphepha noma ukugaywa kabusha. Kodwa-ke, ohlelweni lokulawula udoti, ukusetshenziswa kabusha noma ukutholwa kwenani okungeziwe, ukusetshenziswa kabusha kuthathwa njengokuncono kakhulu kunokuthola. Umnikeli oyinhloko wesisindo esiphelele se-crystalline silicon photovoltaic module ingilazi (75%), ilandelwa i-polymer (10%), i-aluminium (8%), i-silicon (5%), ithusi (1%) kanye nenani elincane lesiliva, i-tin Lead nezinye izinsimbi nezingxenye.

Umthofu kanye nethini (uma icwiliswa emhlabathini namanzi angaphansi komhlaba, izohlinzeka ngamathuba abalulekile uma ithusi, isiliva ne-silicon zigaywa kabusha ngokuphumelelayo. Ngakho-ke, inketho yokulahla udoti kufanele iqiniswe ngokuphelele ukuze kuvinjwe ukungcoliswa kwemvelo futhi kusetshenziswe kabusha izinto ezibalulekile kuphaneli. Kodwa-ke, ukugaywa kabusha akubhekwa njengezinketho ezivuna umnotho, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthatha izikhuthazo zezomnotho ukusheshisa lokhu kufuduka.

Phakathi kwezinto ezibalulekile kuphaneli, i-silicon iyithuba elihle kakhulu ngoba ingxenye ye-silicon inkulu kakhulu futhi inokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kakhulu (99.9999%). I-silicon yelanga ingatholwa kudoti ye-photovoltaic ukuze isetshenziswe ekusetshenzisweni kwesibili kwephaneli yelanga, noma iphinde isebenzise izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingezwe ku-3B isizukulwane se-lithium ion yebhethri anode.

Ekwandeni kwezimoto zikagesi zinethuba eliyingqayizivele lokuphinda zisetshenziswe kabusha kanye nezimboni zokulawula imfucuza emhlabeni, futhi kungase kube khona indawo yama-solar panel. Amabhethri emoto kagesi anamuhla abe yingxenye ebalulekile yezindleko eziphelele zezimoto zikagesi, kuye ngokuthi i-33% kuya ku-57% yemoto, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuwumthombo oyinhloko wezindleko zamandla zokukhiqiza amabhethri. Isu lokunciphisa izindleko lincike kakhulu ekusungulweni kwezinga lempahla, okungukuthi, ukuthengwa nokucubungula kwezinto zokusetshenziswa.

Nakuba abalandeli bakagesi bazokwamukela nakanjani amanani aphansi, kodwa irekhodi le-mileage yizindaba ezihamba phambili. Ngo-2015, u-Elonmusk wathi i-silicon kuma-Model amabhethri inyuke ngo-6%. Kusukela lapho, izimoto zikagesi ezifana ne-Daimler ne-BMW nazo zibambe iqhaza ngokukhuthele ohlelweni lwe-R <000000> D lokuhlanganisa i-silicon yezinga lebhethri ezimotweni zikagesi.

I-silicon etholwe kumaphaneli elanga ingase ibe yilokho kanye abakudingayo. I-Australia ibe semakethe ye-photovoltaic ethuthuke ngokushesha, njenge-China, Japan, India kanye ne-United States. Manje, ngaphezu kuka-2.

Amasistimu elanga ophahleni ayizigidi ezi-3 afakwe ezweni lonke, sikleliswe kuqala ngokusemthethweni. E-Australia, yonke inqubo ihlobene eduze noVictoria, futhi ihlobene eduze nemboni ye-photovoltaic. Inhloso ukwenza izincomo kuzo zonke izifundazwe, izifunda kanye nohulumeni bamazwe ngezindlela zokuphatha zikazwelonke ezikhethwayo.

Nakuba amathemba ohlelo ngokungangabazeki ekhuthaza, ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwalo kungase kuhluke. Eqinisweni, ubunzima bale nkinga buye baqashelwa ngo-2015. Ngaleso sikhathi, ekugelezeni kwemakethe yemfucuza ye-elekthronikhi yase-Victorian kanye nokuhlaziywa kwamandla okucubungula, amaphaneli elanga ayebhekwa njengomfudlana oshesha kakhulu we-e-waste, ngaphandle kwengqalasizinda ezinikele yokuvuselela kabusha.

Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kweqembu, kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2035, amathani angaphezu kuka-100,000 amaphaneli elanga azongena emfuleni wase-Australia. Ingabe lokhu kuyinhlekelele noma ithuba? Uma ubheka ukuthola kabusha iphaneli yelanga e-Australia, kunezinsizakalo eziningi. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, uhlaka lwe-aluminium kanye nebhokisi lokuhlangana kungabuyisa kuphela ngaphansi kuka-20% kadoti ngokubala isisindo.

I-80% esele, kuhlanganise ne-silicon ebalulekile, i-Australia ayikakanikezwa, kodwa imiphumela yocwaningo ibonisa ukuthi akudingekile. .