Uhlalutyo lwesizathu seqokobhe legubu lebhetri kunye nokudubula

Umbhali :Iflowpower-Umboneleli weSikhululo saMandla esiphathwayo

I-Lithium yintsimbi encinci kunye neyona nto isebenzayo kwitheyibhile yomjikelezo weekhemikhali. Ubungakanani obuncinci, ukuxinana okuphezulu, okuthandwa ngabathengi kunye neenjineli. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zemichiza zidlamkile kakhulu, zizisa iingozi eziphezulu kakhulu.

Xa isinyithi se-lithium sibonakaliswe emoyeni, siya kuqhuma ngokusabela okukrakra kwe-oxidation nge-oxygen. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukhuseleko kunye ne-voltage, izazinzulu zenze izinto ezifana negraphite kunye ne-lithium cobaltate ukugcina iiathom ze-lithium. Isakhiwo se-molecular yezi zinto, senza i-lattice encinci yokugcina inqanaba le-nanometric, elingasetyenziselwa ukugcina ii-athomu ze-lithium.

Ngaloo ndlela, nangona i-battery yendlu yebhetri iphukile, i-oksijini ingena, kwaye iamolekyu ze-oksijini aziyi kuba zikhulu kakhulu, kwaye ezi gridi ezincinci zokugcina azikwazi ukudibanisa ne-oksijini ukukhusela ukuqhuma. Lo mgaqo-siseko weebhetri ze-lithium-ion wenza ukuba abantu bafezekise ukhuseleko lwabo ngelixa befumana ubuninzi bomthamo ophezulu. Xa ibhetri ye-lithium ion ihlawuliswa, i-athomu ye-lithium ye-electrode efanelekileyo iya kulahlekelwa ii-electron, i-oxidized kwi-lithium ion.

Iiyoni ze-lithium ziya kwi-electrode engalunganga ngokusebenzisa ulwelo lwe-electrolytic, faka i-reservoir ye-electrode engalunganga, kwaye ufumane i-electron, ukunciphisa i-athomu ye-lithium. Xa ikhutshwa, lonke ucwangciso lwawa. Ukuze kuthintelwe i-electrode echanekileyo kunye nengalunganga yebhetri, ibhetri iyakongeza iphepha le-diaphragm elinemingxuma emininzi ukuthintela imijikelezo emfutshane.

Iphepha elihle le-diaphragm liyakwazi ukucima ngokuzenzekelayo imingxuma emihle xa ubushushu bebhetri buphezulu kakhulu, ukuze i-lithium ion ingakwazi ukuwela, ukukhusela ingozi,. Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion iya kuqala ngokudibanisa emva kokuba i-voltage iphezulu kune-4.2V.

Uxinzelelo lwe-overcharge luphezulu, kwaye ingozi nayo iphezulu. Emva kokuba i-lithium ibhetri ye-lithium iphezulu kune-4.2V, inani eliseleyo le-athomu ye-lithium kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-electrode lingaphantsi kwesiqingatha, kwaye i-gear yokugcina iya kuhlala iwa, ukwenzela ukuba amandla ebhetri abe nokuhla ngokusisigxina.

Ukuba iyaqhubeka ihlawulisa, ekubeni i-reservoir ye-electrode engafanelekanga igcwele i-athomu ye-lithium, i-lithium yensimbi elandelayo iya kuqokelela ebusweni bezinto ezimbi. Ezi athomu ze-lithium ziya kuba yi-branched crystallization ukusuka kwicala le-negative surface ukuya kwi-ion lithium. Ezi kristale zetsimbi ze-lithium ziya kudlula kwiphepha le-diaphragm ukwenza imijikelezo emfutshane emihle kunye nembi.

Ngamanye amaxesha ibhetri ngaphambi kokuba isiphaluka esifutshane siya kuqhuma kuqala ngenxa yokuba izinto ezifana nenkqubo yokugqithiswa, i-electrolyte kunye nezinye izinto ziya kuqhekeza igesi, ukwenzela ukuba indlu yebhetri okanye i-valve yoxinzelelo yaphukile, ivumela i-oksijini ukuba ingene kwi-lithium athomic reaction in negative. umphezulu, Ngokulandelayo kuqhuma. Ngoko ke, xa ibhetri ye-lithium ion ihlawuliswa, kufuneka isetelwe ukuseta umda ophezulu we-voltage ukuze ngaxeshanye uthathele ingqalelo ubomi, umthamo kunye nokhuseleko lwebhetri. Owona mda unqwenelekayo wokutshaja wombane sisi-4.

2V. Kufuneka kubekho umda wombane xa ibhetri ye-lithium ikhutshwa. Ezinye izinto ziya kutshatyalaliswa xa amandla ombane ebhetri engaphantsi kwe-2.

4V. Kwakhona ngenxa yokuba ibhetri iya kuzikhupha, i-voltage ede kakhulu iphantsi, ngoko kungcono ukuba ungayifaki kude kube yi-2.4V xa ikhutshwe.

Ibhetri ye-lithium ion ikhutshwe kwi-3.0V ukuya kwi-2.4V, kwaye amandla akhutshiweyo aphendula kuphela malunga ne-3% yamandla ebhetri.

Ke ngoko, i-3.0V yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokukhupha amandla ombane. Ngexesha lokuhlawula kunye nokukhutshwa, ngaphezu komda we-voltage, umda wangoku nawo uyimfuneko.

Xa i-current ikhulu kakhulu, i-lithium ion ayifaki igridi yokugcina, eya kudibanisa phezu kwendawo yezinto eziphathekayo. Emva kokuba ezi ion ze-lithium zisebenzisa i-elektroniki, i-lithium atomic crystallization iyenzeka kumphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo, ezifana nentlawulo egqithisileyo, enokubangela ingozi. Kwimeko yokuqhekeka, kuya kuqhuma.

Ngoko ke, ukukhuselwa kweebhetri ze-lithium ion kufuneka kufakwe: umda ophezulu we-voltage yokutshaja, umda wokukhutshwa kombane, kunye nomda ophezulu wangoku. Ngokubanzi, ukongeza kwi-lithium-ion ibhetri yeseli, kuya kubakho ipleyiti yokukhusela, ebalulekileyo ukubonelela ezi zithathu zokukhusela. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhuselwa okuthathu komkhuseli ngokucacileyo akwanelanga, kwaye ukuqhuma kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion yehlabathi kusekho i-biography.

Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwesixokelelwano sebhetri, kufuneka wenze ucazululo ngononophelo ngakumbi logqabhuko-dubulo lwebhetri. Ukuqhuma kwebhetri kubangele 1. I-polarization yangaphakathi inkulu!.

3, umgangatho, ingxaki yokusebenza kwe-electrolyte ngokwayo. I-4, isixa sokupheliswa asifikelelwanga yinkqubo. I-5, i-laser welding kwinkqubo yendibano imbi, ivuza, ivuza, uvavanyo lokuvuza.

I-6, uthuli, uthuli lwefilimu kakhulu luqala lula ukukhokelela kwiisekethe ezincinci ezincinci, izizathu ezithile ezingaziwayo. I-7, ipleyiti e-positive kunye ne-negative inzima, inkqubo inzima, kwaye kunzima ukungena kwigobolondo. I-8, ingxaki yengono, ukusebenza kwentsimbi yokutywina ibhola ayilungile.

I-9, imathiriyeli yezindlu ikhona enodonga olungqingqwa lweqokobhe, ubukhulu bokuguqulwa kwezindlu. Uhlobo lophononongo logqabhuko-dubulo lwesiseko sebhetri lunokushwankathelwa njengesekethe emfutshane yangaphandle, isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphakathi kunye nentlawulo engaphezulu. Isixokelelwano sangaphandle apha sibhekisa kumphandle webhetri, oquka iisekethe ezimfutshane ezibangelwa kuyilo olulambathayo lwe-insulation kwipakethi yebhetri.

Xa isiphaluka esifutshane singaphandle kweseli yebhetri, icandelo lombane alinqunyulwanga, kwaye ingaphakathi leseli yebhetri liya kuba nobushushu obuphezulu, okukhokelela kwinxalenye ye-electrolyte steaming, kunye nokuxhasa iqokobhe lebhetri. Xa ubushushu bangaphakathi bebhetri buphezulu ukuya kutsho kwi-135 degrees celcius, umgangatho we-diaphragm uvaliwe, i-electrochemical reaction iyanqanyulwa okanye isondele ekupheliseni, i-current iyancipha, kwaye ubushushu buyancipha, nto leyo ethintela ukuqhuma. Nangona kunjalo, izinga lokuvala umngxuma ocolekileyo lihlwempuzeke kakhulu, okanye umngxuma ocolekileyo akalivali iphepha le-diaphragm, eliya kuqhubeka nokunyuka, i-electrolyte engaphezulu, kwaye igqibezele ukwakhiwa kwebhetri, kwaye yandise ubushushu bebhetri ukwenza ubushushu bebhetri Isixhobo sokuvutha. kunye nokudubula.

Isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphakathi sibalulekile kuba i-foil yobhedu idonsa i-membrane ye-aluminium foil, okanye amasebe e-athomu ye-lithium agqoke i-diaphragm. Ezi naliti ezintle zinokubangela iisekethe ezincinci ezincinci. Ngenxa yokuba inaliti ilungile kakhulu, kukho ixabiso elithile lokumelana, ngoko ke okwangoku akukho mfuneko.

Iglu ye-aluminium ye-copper ye-foil ibangelwa yinkqubo yokuvelisa. Ngaphezu koko, ekubeni i-glitch incinci, ngamanye amaxesha iya kutshiswa, ukwenzela ukuba ibhetri ibuyele ngokuqhelekileyo. Ngoko ke, amathuba okuqhuma okubangelwa yi-burrs ayikho phezulu.

Ngale ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukuba ibhetri emfutshane ihlawulwe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kweeseli nganye. Nangona kunjalo, isiganeko sogqabhuko-dubulo senzeke, kodwa sixhaswe ngokweenkcukacha-manani. Ngoko ke, ukuqhuma okubangelwa kwiisekethe ezimfutshane zangaphakathi kubalulekile ngenxa yokugqithiswa.

Ngenxa yokuba, i-lithium metal crystallization efana nenaliti, kwaye yisekethe emfutshane encinci. Ke ngoko, ubushushu bebhetri buyonyuka ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ekugqibeleni ubushushu obuphezulu buya kuba yigesi ye-electrolyte. Le meko, nokuba iphezulu kakhulu ukwenza ukuqhuma kwezinto ezivuthayo, okanye igobolondo yangaphandle iqale yaphulwa, ukuze umoya utyalwe kunye nesinyithi se-lithium, kukuqhuma.

Nangona kunjalo, olu qhushumbo olubangelwa kukugqithiswa kwesekethe emfutshane yangaphakathi akwenzeki ngexesha lokutshaja. Kungenzeka ukuba ubushushu bebhetri abukho phezulu ukuvumela izinto zitshiswe. Xa igesi ibonakala, umthengi akanelanga ukuphula indlu yebhetri, umthengi uya kuphelisa ukutshaja, kunye nefowuni ephathwayo ukuphuma.

Ngeli xesha, ukushisa kweesekethe ezininzi ezincinci ezincinci, ngokukhawuleza ukwandisa ubushushu bebhetri, emva kwexesha elithile, kuphela ukuqhuma. Inkcazo eqhelekileyo yomthengi kukuthabatha ifowuni kwaye ufumanise ukuba ifowuni iyatshisa, kwaye emva koko yaqhuma. Ezinye iintlobo zoqhushumbo, sinokubeka ugxininiso-ubungqina bokudubula ekuthinteleni, uthintelo lwesiphaluka esifutshane sangaphandle, kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lwebhetri imiba emithathu.

Phakathi kwabo, ukuthintela i-overchalten kunye nokuthintela isiphaluka esifutshane sangaphandle kukukhusela ngombane, kwaye ube nobudlelwane obukhulu kunye noyilo lwenkqubo yebhetri kunye nepakethe yebhetri. Ingqwalasela yokuphuculwa kokhuseleko lombane kukukhuselwa kweekhemikhali kunye noomatshini, onobudlelwane obukhulu kunye nomenzi wesiseko sebhetri. Imilinganiselo yoyilo inamakhulu ezigidi zeefowuni eziphathwayo, kwaye izinga lokungaphumeleli lokhuseleko kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kwe-100 yezigidi.

Kuba, izinga lokungaphumeleli kwebhodi yesekethe liphezulu kakhulu kunekhulu lezigidi. Ngoko ke, xa inkqubo yebhetri iyilwe, kufuneka kubekho imigca emibini yokhuseleko. Uyilo lwemposiso eqhelekileyo kukutshaja ibhetri ngokuthe ngqo ngetshaja (I-Aptha).

Oku kuya kuhlawulisa ukhuseleko lokhuseleko, uphathe ngokupheleleyo ipleyiti yokukhusela kwipakethi yebhetri. Nangona izinga lokungaphumeleli lomkhuseli lingekho phezulu, nokuba izinga lesiphoso liphantsi, ihlabathi liseyingozi yokuqhuma emhlabeni. Ukuba inkqubo yebhetri inokubonelela ngokhuseleko ezimbini zokhuseleko, i-overcurrent, i-overcurrent inikezelwa, kwaye izinga lokungaphumeleli kokhuseleko ngalunye, ukuba isinye seshumi, ezimbini zokukhusela zinganciphisa izinga lokungaphumeleli kwi-100 yezigidi.

Inkqubo yokutshaja ibhetri eqhelekileyo yile ilandelayo, kuquka iinxalenye ezimbini zetshaja kunye nepakethe yebhetri. Itshaja ikwabandakanya iindawo ezimbini: iadaptha kunye nomlawuli wokutshaja. I-adaptha iguqula amandla e-AC ukuya ngqo ngoku, kwaye umlawuli wokutshaja unciphisa ubuninzi bangoku kunye nobuninzi be-voltage ye-DC.

Ipakethi yebhetri iqulethe iinxalenye ezimbini zepleyiti yokukhusela kunye nesiseko sebhetri, kunye ne-PTC yokunciphisa ubuninzi bangoku. Iseli yebhetri isetyenziswa njengomzekelo. Inkqubo yokukhusela i-overchard imiselwe ku-4.

2V usebenzisa i-voltage output itshaja ukuphumeza ukhuselo lokuqala, ukuze ibhetri ingabhukuqwa nokuba ibhodi ekhuselayo kwibhetri pack Hazard. Ukhuseleko lwesibini ngumsebenzi wokukhusela ongaphezulu kwibhodi yokukhusela, ngokuqhelekileyo ibekwe kwi-4.3V.

Ngale ndlela, ibhodi ekhuselayo ayinakuba noxanduva lokusika umjelo wokutshaja kuphela xa i-voltage yetshaja iphezulu kakhulu. Ukukhuselwa kwe-Overcurrent kuxanduva lwebhodi yokukhusela kunye nefilimu yokunciphisa yangoku, ekwakhusela ezimbini, ukukhusela i-overcurrent kunye nesiphaluka esifutshane sangaphandle. Ekubeni ukukhutshwa ngokugqithiseleyo kuya kwenzeka kuphela kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa kombane.

Ke ngoko, iyilwe ngokubanzi ibhodi yocingo yemveliso ye-elektroniki ukubonelela kuqala ekukhuselweni, kwaye ipleyiti ekhuselayo kwipakethi yebhetri inikezela ngokhuseleko lwesibini. Xa imveliso ye-elektroniki ibona ukuba i-voltage yokubonelela ingaphantsi kwe-3.0V, kufuneka ivalwe ngokuzenzekelayo.

Ukuba olu phawu aluyilwanga, ibhodi yokukhusela iya kucima i-loop yokukhupha xa i-voltage iphantsi kwi-2.4V. Ngamafutshane, xa isixokelelwano sebhetri iyilwe, ukhuseleko lwe-elektroniki lumbini kufuneka lunikezelwe kwi-overcharge, ngaphezulu, kunye ne-overcurrent.

Phakathi kwabo, ibhodi ekhuselayo yokukhusela okwesibini. Susa umkhuseli, ukuba ibhetri iya kuqhuma, bonisa uyilo olubi. Nangona le ndlela ingasentla ibonelela ngokhuseleko olubini, kuba umthengi uya kuhlala ethenga itshaja engeyiyo eyokuqala ukuba ayibize, kwaye ishishini letshaja, ngokusekwe kuqwalaselo lweendleko, lihlala lithatha isilawuli esibizayo ukunciphisa iindleko.

Ngenxa yoko, zininzi iitshaja ezikumgangatho ophantsi kwimarike. Oku kwenza ukuba ukukhuselwa kwentlawulo epheleleyo kulahlekelwe yindlela yokuqala kwakhona kumgca wokukhusela obaluleke kakhulu. Kwaye ngaphezulu kwentlawulo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo apho ukuqhuma kwebhetri kubangelwa.

Ngoko ke, itshaja engaphantsi inokubizwa ngokuba bubukrakra bokuqhuma kwebhetri. Ewe, ayizizo zonke iinkqubo zebhetri ezisebenzisa iindlela ezichazwe ngasentla. Kwezinye iimeko, kuya kubakho noyilo lwesilawuli sokutshaja kwipakethi yebhetri.

Umzekelo: izinti ezininzi zebhetri zeencwadana ezininzi, kukho isilawuli sokutshaja. Oku kungenxa yokuba iincwadana zamanqaku zihlala zitshaja abalawuli kwikhompyuter, zinika abathengi kuphela iadaptha. Ke ngoko, ipakethi yebhetri eyongezelelweyo yekhompyuter yenotebook kufuneka ibe nesilawuli sokutshaja ukuqinisekisa ukuba ipakethi yebhetri yangaphandle ikhuselekile xa utshaja iadaptha.

Ukongeza, imveliso ihlawuliswa kusetyenziswa i-cigarette lighter yemoto, kwaye isilawuli sokutshaja ngamanye amaxesha senziwe ngaphakathi kwipakethi yebhetri. Umgca wokugqibela wokukhusela, ukuba imilinganiselo yokukhusela i-electronic ayiphumelelanga, umgca wokugqibela wokukhusela, uya kunikwa ibhetri. Umgangatho wokhuseleko webhetri unokusekwe ekubeni ibhetri ingadlula kwisekethe emfutshane yangaphandle kunye nokutshaja ngaphezulu.

Ngenxa yokuba ukuqhuma kwebhetri, ukuba kukho i-athomu ye-lithium ngaphakathi, amandla okuqhuma aya kuba mkhulu. Ngaphezu koko, ukukhuselwa kwe-over-charge kaninzi kunomgca wokukhusela ngenxa yabathengi, ngoko ke amandla ebhetri anti-overcharge kune-anti-external short circuit ibaluleke kakhulu.