Gaba yana sama, ta yaya batirin lithium ion ke canza gaba?

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Proveïdor de centrals portàtils

A cikin &39;yan shekarun da suka gabata, motocin lantarki za su sami babban ci gaba. Dangane da hasashen IEA, nan da shekarar 2030, garantin motocin lantarki na duniya zai tashi daga miliyan 3.7 a shekarar 2017 zuwa miliyan 130, kuma adadin tallace-tallace na shekara zai kai 2.

miliyan 1.5. A cikin wannan yanayin, sabon ƙarfin baturi na shekara-shekara zai tashi daga 68 GW W11 a cikin 2017 zuwa 775 GW, wanda 84% za a yi amfani da shi a cikin motoci masu haske.

kasata, EU, India, US Demand ya kai kashi 50%, 18%, 12%, da 7% bi da bi. A cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, tare da girman girman sikelin samarwa, fasahar batirin lithium-ion na babban batirin motocin lantarki ya inganta sosai, farashin ya ragu sosai, ta yadda farashin motocin lantarki ya fara da motar mai. Mabuɗin Tuba Tun daga 1990, ana amfani da baturin lithium-ion sosai a cikin kayan lantarki na mabukaci, ajiyar makamashi (gida, kayan aiki), da masana&39;antar injin lantarki.

Tare da girman sikelin samarwa, aikin sa ya inganta sosai, farashin yana da ƙima sosai. Nan gaba. Chemical kayan.

Kayan aikin batir yana shafar aikin batir. Kayan cathode yana da ƙarfi ciki har da lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC), lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA), lithium manganese oxide (LMO) da lithium iron phosphate (LFP); Yawancin abubuwan anode suna amfani da graphite, manyan motoci masu nauyi a cikin abin hawa mai nauyi Keɓaɓɓiyar rayuwa, lithium titanate (LTO). NMC da fasahar NCA ita ce yawan makamashi ya fi girma, ya mamaye kasuwar baturi mai haske; Ƙarfin makamashi na LFP yana da ƙasa, amma ya amfana daga rayuwa mafi girma da kuma aikin aminci, yana da sha&39;awar amfani da manyan motocin lantarki (watau motocin fasinja) Kayan sinadarai.

Abubuwan sinadarai suna da babban tasiri akan farashin batir, ta yin amfani da kayan sinadarai daban-daban, kuma tazarar farashin su na iya kaiwa 20%. Ƙarfin baturi da girmansa. Adadin batirin abin hawa na lantarki ya sha bamban sosai, ƙarfin batirin ƙananan motocin lantarki guda uku a ƙasata 18 ne.

3 ~ 23 kWh; Turai da Arewacin Amurka matsakaicin ƙarfin baturi na mota shine 23 ~ 60 kWh; Babban ƙarfin baturi na motoci a 75 ~ 100 kWh. Mafi girman ƙarfin baturi, ƙananan farashi. An kiyasta cewa farashin makamashin naúrar batirin chine 70 kW ya kai 25% ƙasa da 30kW.

Ma&39;aunin injin. Ma&39;aunin sarrafa Zhang Da don gane ma&39;aunin tattalin arzikin wani muhimmin al&39;amari ne. A halin yanzu, kewayon samarwa na yau da kullun shine kusan 0.

5 ~ 8 JW / shekara, yawancin abin da ake fitarwa shine kusan 3 GW / shekara. Dangane da irin ƙarfin da ake buƙata na 20 ~ 75 kWh, ana ƙididdige abin hawa guda ɗaya na lantarki, kuma fitowar injin guda ɗaya daidai yake da sarrafa fakitin baturi 6000-400,000 a kowace shekara. A halin yanzu, Jamus, Amurka, ƙasata, Indiya da sauran wurare an gina sabbin manyan masana&39;antar batir, gami da Super Factory lokacin da shekarar Tesla ta kai 35 GW.

Saurin caji. Fasahar zamani na iya cajin 80% a cikin mintuna 40 ~ 60. Wannan roko ya kara rikitar da tsarin batirin, kamar rage kaurin wutar lantarki, wanda zai kara tsadar batir; rage yawan kuzarin baturi, ta yadda zai gajarta rayuwar baturin.

Sanarwar rugujewar Ma&39;aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka ta canza ƙirar baturin don ɗaukar nauyin kilowatt 400 na caji zai ƙara farashin farashin batir. Babban yanayin juyin juya halin kayan abu zai dogara ne akan rushewar IEA, kuma batirin lithium-ion zai ci gaba da mamaye cikin shekaru ashirin, amma kayan sinadaransa zasu canza sannu a hankali. Kafin 2025, sabon ƙarni na batirin lithium ion batir waɗanda ke da ƙarancin cobalt, babban ƙarfin kuzari da cathode lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) 811, da sauransu.

zai shiga samar da taro. A cikin graphite anode, an ƙara ɗan ƙaramin siliki, kuma yawan kuzarin makamashi na iya ƙaruwa da kashi 50%, yayin da gishirin lantarki wanda zai iya jure ƙarfin wutar lantarki shima zai taimaka inganta aikin. A cikin lokacin 2025 zuwa 2030, ƙarfe na lithium shine cathode, graphite / silicon composite abu don anode, batirin lithium ion baturi, na iya shiga tsarin ƙira, kuma yana iya gabatar da ƙwararrun electrolytes don ƙara haɓaka ƙarfin kuzari da amincin baturi.

Bugu da kari, fasahar lithium ion za a iya maye gurbinsu da sauran karfin kuzari da rage farashin ka&39;idar tare da iskar lithium, sulfur lithium, da sauransu. Koyaya, matakin haɓaka waɗannan fasahohin har yanzu yana da ƙasa sosai, kuma ana bincika ainihin aikin. Labarin da aka buga akan Jarida na Nature na Yuli 26, 2018, labarin mai suna "TenyearsleftToredesignlithium-Ionbatteries" ya nuna cewa juyin halittar batirin lithium-ion da farashin ana sa hankali.

Matsakaicin haka ya haifar da matsalar da ke sama ya haɗa da: a cikin tsarin crystal na kayan lantarki, adadin cajin da za&39;a iya adanawa yana da sauri don kusanci matsakaicin ka&39;idar; hauhawar kasuwa yana da wahala a ci gaba da kawo babban raguwar farashin. Mafi muni, kayan lantarki, irin su cobalt da nickel, suna da ƙarancin gaske, kuma farashin yana da tsada. Idan babu sabon canji, ana tsammanin ya kasance a cikin 2030 ~ 2037 (ko a baya), cobalt da buƙatar nickel.

Wuce amfanin gona. A gefe guda kuma, sabbin kayan aikin lantarki, kamar ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe, har yanzu suna cikin matakin bincike na farko. Labarin ya yi kira ga masana kimiyyar kayan aiki, injiniyoyi da hukumomin ba da tallafi don haɓaka bincike kan kayan lantarki dangane da ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe da sauran kayan kamar tanadi.

In ba haka ba, za a takaita yawan haɓakar motocin lantarki. Economic 掂 影响 因 紧 因 因 因 因 因: 因:: 程: 程: 里 行 里 里 里 里 里 (程里, 里 (里, 里,. Dangane da farashin baturi, akwai baturi wanda shine 70-35 kWh / shekara, ƙarfin baturi shine 70 ~ 80 kWh / shekara, kuma farashin ƙarfin baturi shine 70 ~ 80 kWh, kuma farashin 2030 za a iya ragewa zuwa 100 ~ 122 dalar Amurka / kWh, tare da ($ 1 na EU / 9 kWh), tare da ($ 1 na EU / 9 kWh). Farashin Japan ($ 92 / kW) yana kusa sosai.

Tazarar da ke tsakanin farashin motocin lantarki da jiragen kasan mai zai ragu sannu a hankali, amma farashin batir da mai ya zarce girman jiki. Misali, farashin baturi daidai yake da $ 400 / kWh, motocin lantarki suna da fa&39;ida sosai, kuma motocin mai za su kasance masu tattalin arziki. Idan farashin batir ɗin motocin lantarki ya yi ƙasa, man fetur yana da tsada mai yawa, kuma adadin mitoci na yau da kullun yana da yawa, zaɓi ƙaramin motar lantarki ko toshe motar matasan fiye da ƙananan motocin mai mafi tsada.

Alal misali, farashin baturi shine $ 120 / kWh, farashin man fetur ya fi girma fiye da yau, sa&39;an nan kuma motar lantarki mai tsabta za ta kasance mafi kyawun zaɓi na tattalin arziki ba tare da la&39;akari da tsawon lokaci mai tsawo ba. Idan farashin baturi daidai yake da $ 260 / kWh, nisan mil fiye da kilomita 35,000 / shekara, farashin mai ya kai $ 1.5 / lita, zaɓin tattalin arziki ne.

Ga manyan motocin bas masu amfani da wutar lantarki, idan farashin baturi bai kai dalar Amurka 260/kWh ba, bas ɗin lantarki daga kilomita 4 zuwa 50,000 a kowace shekara yana da tsada a yankin da tsarin harajin dizal mai yawa.