Bokamoso bo ka holimo, libeteri tsa lithium ion li fetola bokamoso joang?

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - პორტატული ელექტროსადგურის მიმწოდებელი

Lilemong tse mashome a seng makae tse fetileng, likoloi tsa motlakase li tla fumana tsoelo-pele e kholo. Ho ea ka ponelopele ea IEA, ka 2030, tiisetso ea likoloi tsa motlakase lefatšeng ka bophara e tla nyoloha ho tloha ho limilione tse 3.7 ka 2017 ho ea ho limilione tse 130, mme thekiso ea selemo le selemo ea thekiso e tla fihla ho 2.

limilione tse 1,5. Boemong bona, matla a selemo le selemo a betri a tla nyoloha ho tloha ho 68 GW W11 ka 2017 ho ea ho 775 GW, eo 84% ea eona e tla sebelisoa likoloing tse bobebe.

naha ea heso, EU, India, US Demand e ile ea nka 50%, 18%, 12%, le 7% ka ho latellana. Lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng, ka boholo bo boholo ba tekanyo ea tlhahiso, theknoloji ea betri ea lithium-ion ea betri e kholo ea koloi ea motlakase e ntlafetse haholo, theko e theohile haholo, e le hore ts&39;ebetso ea litšenyehelo tsa likoloi tsa motlakase e qale ka koloi ea mafura. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa ho khanna Ho tloha ka 1990, betri ea lithium-ion e &39;nile ea sebelisoa haholo ho lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa bareki, polokelo ea matla (malapa, lisebelisoa), le indasteri ea likoloi tsa motlakase.

Ka boholo ba sekala sa tlhahiso, ts&39;ebetso ea eona e ntlafetse haholo, theko e fokotseha haholo. Bokamoso. Lisebelisoa tsa lik&39;hemik&39;hale.

Ts&39;ebetso ea betri e angoa ke lisebelisoa tsa polarization. Thepa ea cathode e kenyelletsa ka thata lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC), lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide (NCA), lithium manganese oxide (LMO) le lithium iron phosphate (LFP); boholo ba lisebelisoa tsa anode li sebelisa graphite, likoloi tse boima ka koloing e boima Ho potoloha bophelo, lithium titanate (LTO). Theknoloji ea NMC le NCA ke hore matla a matla a phahame, a laola &39;maraka oa betri e khanyang; matla a matla a LFP a tlaase, empa a ruile molemo ho bophelo bo phahameng ba potoloho le ts&39;ebetso ea ts&39;ireletso, ke takatso ea ho sebelisoa ke likoloi tse boima tsa motlakase (ke hore likoloi tsa baeti) Lintho tsa lik&39;hemik&39;hale.

Lisebelisoa tsa lik&39;hemik&39;hale li na le tšusumetso e kholo litšenyehelong tsa betri, li sebelisa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa lik&39;hemik&39;hale, &39;me lekhalo la theko ea bona le ka fihla ho 20%. Bokhoni ba betri le boholo. Bokhoni ba betri ea koloi ea motlakase bo fapane haholo, matla a betri ea likoloi tse tharo tse nyane tsa motlakase naheng ea heso ke 18.

3 ~ 23 kWh; Europe le Amerika Leboea matla a betri ea likoloi tsa boholo bo mahareng ke 23 ~ 60 kWh; matla a betri ea likoloi tse kholo ho 75 ~ 100 kWh. Ha betri e na le matla, theko e tlase. Ho hakanngoa hore theko ea matla a betri ea 70 kW e tlase ka 25% ho feta 30 kW.

Sekala sa mochini. Sekala sa ts&39;ebetso ea Zhang Da ho hlokomela moruo o moholo ke ntlha e &39;ngoe ea bohlokoa. Hona joale, mefuta e tloaelehileng ea tlhahiso e ka ba 0.

5 ~ 8 JW / selemo, boholo ba tlhahiso e ka bang 3 GW / selemo. Ho ea ka matla a tloaelehileng a 20 ~ 75 kWh, koloi e le &39;ngoe ea motlakase e baloa,&39; me tlhahiso ea semela se le seng e lekana le machining 6000-400,000 betri packs ka selemo. Hona joale, Jeremane, United States, naha ea heso, India le libaka tse ling li sa tsoa hahoa lihlahisoa tse kholo tsa li-betri lifektheri, ho akarelletsa le Super Factory ha selemo sa Tesla se fihla ho 35 GW.

Lebelo la ho tjhaja. Theknoloji ea hona joale e ka lefella 80% ka metsotso e 40 ~ 60. Boipiletso bona bo ekelitse ho rarahana ha moralo oa betri, joalo ka ho fokotsa botenya ba electrode, e tla eketsa litšenyehelo tsa betri; fokotsa matla a betri, ka hona o khutsufatsa bophelo ba betri.

Polelo ea ho bola ea Lefapha la Matla la United States e fetotse moralo oa betri hore o nke 400 kilowatts ea ho tjhaja e tla eketsa litšenyehelo tsa betri. Mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa phetoho ea lintho tse bonahalang o tla ipapisa le ho senyeha ha IEA, &39;me betri ea lithium-ion e ntse e tla laola pele ho lilemo tse mashome a mabeli, empa lisebelisoa tsa eona tsa lik&39;hemik&39;hale li tla fetoha butle-butle. Pele ho 2025, moloko o mocha oa libeteri tsa lithium ion tse nang le cobalt e tlaase, matla a phahameng a matla le cathode lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) 811, joalo-joalo.

tla kena tlhahiso ea bongata. Ka graphite anode, ho eketsoa palo e nyane ea silicon, &39;me matla a matla a ka eketsoa ka 50%, athe letsoai la electrolyte le ka mamellang matla a phahameng a motlakase le lona le tla thusa ho ntlafatsa ts&39;ebetso. Nakong ea 2025 ho ea ho 2030, tšepe ea lithium ke cathode, graphite / silicon composite material for anode, lithium ion battery, e ka kena molemong oa moralo, &39;me e ka hlahisa li-electrolyte tse tiileng ho ntlafatsa matla a matla le polokeho ea betri.

Ntle le moo, theknoloji ea lithium ion e ka nkeloa sebaka ke matla a mang a matla le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa theory ka lithium air, lithium sulfur, joalo-joalo. Leha ho le joalo, boemo ba nts&39;etsopele ea mahlale ana bo ntse bo le tlase haholo, mme ts&39;ebetso ea &39;nete e ntse e hlahlojoa. Sengoloa se phatlalalitsoeng ho Nature Journal ea Phupu 26, 2018, sengoloa se nang le sehlooho se reng "TenyearsleftToredesignlithium-Ionbatteries" se bontšitse hore phetoho ea ts&39;ebetso ea betri ea lithium-ion le theko e beoa butle.

Thata ka tsela eo e bakileng bothata bo ka holimo e kenyelletsa: mohahong oa kristale oa thepa ea electrode, chelete ea tefiso e ka bolokoang e potlakile ho atamela boholo ba theory; ho phahama &39;marakeng ho thata ho tsoela pele ho tlisa phokotso e kholo ea theko. Ho hobe le ho feta, lisebelisoa tsa electrode, tse kang cobalt le nickel, li haella haholo, &39;me theko e theko e boima. Haeba ho se na phetoho e ncha, ho lebeletsoe hore e be ka 2030 ~ 2037 (kapa pejana), tlhokahalo ea cobalt le nickel.

Kotulo e fetang. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa electrode, tse kang tšepe, koporo, koporo, li ntse li le boemong ba pele ba lipatlisiso. Sengoloa se kopa bo-ramahlale ba lisebelisoa, baenjiniere le mekhatlo ea lichelete ho eketsa lipatlisiso mabapi le lisebelisoa tsa elektrode tse thehiloeng holim&39;a tšepe, koporo le lisebelisoa tse ling tse kang mehloli.

Ho seng joalo, tsoelo-pele e kholo ea likoloi tsa motlakase e tla thibeloa. Economic 掂 影响 因 因 因:::: 程: 程: 里 行 里 里 里 里 (程 (里 里 行 里里,. Mabapi le litheko tsa betri, ho na le betri e ka bang 70-35 kWh / selemo, matla a betri ke 70 ~ 80 kWh / selemo, &39;me litšenyehelo tsa matla a betri ke 70 ~ 80 kWh,&39; me litšenyehelo tsa 2030 li ka fokotsoa ho 100 ~ 122 US liranta / kWh, naha ea ka 3 kW (kW) 9 le EU (1) $ litšenyehelo tsa litšenyehelo tsa Japane ($ 92 / kW) li haufi haholo.

Lekhalo pakeng tsa litšenyehelo tsa likoloi tsa motlakase le literene tsa mafura li tla fokotseha butle-butle, empa theko ea betri le peterole e feta boholo ba &39;mele oa&39; mele. Ka mohlala, theko ea betri e lekana le $ 400 / kWh, likoloi tsa motlakase li hlōlisana haholo, &39;me likoloi tsa mafura li tla ba le chelete e ngata. Haeba theko ea libeteri tsa koloi ea motlakase e le tlaase, peterole e na le theko e phahameng, &39;me mileage ea letsatsi le letsatsi e phahame, khetha koloi e nyenyane ea motlakase kapa koloi e nyalisitsoeng ea plug-in ho feta likoloi tse nyenyane tsa mafura tse nang le chelete e ngata.

Ka mohlala, theko ea betri ke $ 120 / kWh, theko ea peterole e phahame ho feta kajeno, joale koloi e hloekileng ea motlakase e tla ba khetho ea moruo ho sa tsotellehe sebaka sa nako e telele. Haeba theko ea betri e lekana le $ 260 / kWh, mileage e feta lik&39;hilomithara tse 35,000 / selemo, theko ea oli e fihla ho $ 1.5 / litha e le nngwe, ke khetho ea moruo.

Bakeng sa libese tse kholo tsa motlakase, haeba theko ea betri e ka tlase ho lidolara tse 260 tsa US / kWh, bese ea motlakase ho tloha ho 4 ho ea ho 50,000 kilometers / selemo ke tlhōlisano ea litšenyehelo sebakeng se nang le tsamaiso e phahameng ea lekhetho la dizeli.