Motokari yemagetsi inotungamira-asidhi bhatiri yekutadza maitiro uye kugadzirisa kwayo

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Draagbare kragstasie verskaffer

Motokari yemagetsi inotungamira-asidhi bhatiri yekutadza maitiro uye nzira yekugadziridza yave kuverengerwa nebhatiri, kana bhatiri re-lead-acid ndiro rakakura. Chakanakira chelead-asidhi bhatiri kugona ndechekuti mamwe mabhatiri haasati atsiviwa. Mukuwedzera, maitiro ekubuda kwayo kukuru ikozvino anoonawo zvakanakira kutanga bhatiri.

Asi kutungamirira sesimbi inorema, kuwedzera kumutengo, kuchine imwe huturu, uye kune imwe nhanho yekukuvadza kune zvakatipoteredza uye muviri wemunhu. Saka wedzera hupenyu hweiyo lead acid bhatiri, kwete chete inogona kuderedza mari yekushandisa, asiwo kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, idambudziko rekushuvira kwekuwedzera kushandiswa kwemabhatiri e-lead-acid. Nokudaro, dzidza dambudziko rekugadzirisa mabhatiri e-lead-acid, kuwedzera hupenyu hwayo, asi kutengesa kwemabhatiri e-lead-acid hakuzoderedzwa, asi kuchawedzera, asi kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza hakugoni kuwedzera.

Kuti unzwisise kugadziriswa kwemabhatiri e-lead-acid, tanga wanzwisisa nzira yekutadza kwemabhatiri e-lead-acid. Zvadaro taura nezve siyana kukundikana muoti. Kutanga, iyo yekukundikana kweiyo lead-asidhi bhatiri yakasiyana nekuda kwemhando, mamiriro ekugadzira, uye nzira yekushandisa, uye pakupedzisira inotungamira kune akasiyana mabhatiri.

Chiitiko, kutadza kwemabhatiri e-lead-acid kune akati wandei: 1, corrosion deformation yeyakanaka electrode plate. Kune mhando nhatu dzearoyi dzinoshandiswa pakugadzirisa ikozvino: iyo yechinyakare inotungamira antimony alloy, zviri mukati antimony ndeye 4% -7% misa chikamu; yakaderera bismuth kana Ultra-yakaderera antimony alloy, zviri mukati antimony i2% misa chikamu kana isingasviki 1% mhando Fractal, ine tini, mhangura, cadmium, sarufa uye mamwe akasiyana makristasi; lead calcium series, chaiyo lead-calcium-tin-aluminium quadriendline, calcium content pa0.06% -0.

10% chikamu chehuwandu. Iyo yataurwa pamusoro apa yakanaka yeplate grid inokandwa mubhatiri yekuchaja nzira kuti iite oxidized mukutungamira kwe sulfate uye kusarerekera, uye pakupedzisira inokonzera kushandiswa kwekutsigirwa kwezvinhu zvinoshanda kukundikana; kana nekuda kwekuumbwa kwekutungamira-corrosion layer yedendere The alloy inoberekwa, kuitira kuti gedhi rebhodhi rinonyanya kukanganisa. Kana deformation iyi inopfuura 4%, ndiro yose ichaparadzwa, uye chinhu chinoshanda chinenge chisina kushamwaridzana negridi, kana kuti pfupi pfupi pachiteshi chebhazi.

2, iyo yakanaka ndiro inoshanda chinhu chiri kudonha, chakapfava. Mukuwedzera kune zvinhu zvinogadziriswa zvekuputika, kubvongodza uye kubudiswa kunodzokororwa, kusungirirwa pakati pezvikamu zvezvikamu zvisingatarisirwi zvakasununguka, zvakapfava, kubva kune grid kuti iwire. Nhevedzano yezvinhu zvakaita sekugadzira, yakashongedzerwa yakasimba uye yekuchaja uye yekuburitsa mamiriro, nezvimwe.

3, isingadzokeri sulfate. Kana bhatiri rapera uye iyo electrode isina kunaka ichaita yakakasharara, yakaoma kubvuma kuchaja kwemakristasi emutobvu, chiitiko ichi chinodaidzwa kuti irreversible sulfate. Yakapfava isingadzoseki sulfate, inogona kudzoserwa nedzimwe nzira; kana yakaoma, electrode inopera, inopomerwa.

4, kugona kurasikirwa kusati kwasvika. Kana yakaderera bismuth kana lead calcium iri grid alloy, huwandu hwebhatiri hwakangoerekana hwadzikira mukutanga (anenge 20 cycles), zvekuti bhatiri rikasashanda. 5, kuunganidza kwakanyanya kweantimony muzvinhu zvinoshanda.

Bismuth pane yakanaka electrode ndiro inotamirwa pamusoro peiyo negative electrode plate inoshanda zvinhu sezvo chikamu chinotenderera chinotamiswa kubva kuH + yakaderera pane yakaderera electrode yekutungamirira pane yakaderera magetsi ekutungamira, kuitira kuti magetsi ekuchaja adzikiswe panguva yekuunganidzwa kweantimony, yakawanda ikozvino Ose ari maviri anoshandiswa pakuongorora mvura, bhatiri saka harigone kutadza kubhadhariswa. Iyo antirectarid yemukati yelead-asidhi bhatiri negative chinhu chinongori 2.30 V chete 2.

30V, uye inogadzirwa kusvika kumusoro kweiyo negative electrode inoshanda zvinhu, uye zviri mukati antimony i 0.12% -0.19% mass fraction.

Kune mamwe mabhatiri, senge submarines, mabhatiri, ane zvimwe zvirambidzo pabhatiri rehydrogen. Kuyedzwa kwehydrogen-proof cellular electrode inoshanda zvinhu, yunifomu bismuth yemukati yakasvika 0.4% chikamu chehuwandu.

6, kupisa kutadza. Nezve mabhatiri ekuchengetedza mashoma, anoda hapana magetsi ekuchaja kuti asapfuure imwechete 2.4V.

Mukushandiswa kwechokwadi, semuenzaniso, mumotokari, chigadziro chekugadzirisa kudzvinyirira chinogona kunge chisisadzoreki, magetsi ekuchaji akanyanya kukwira, kuitira kuti ikozvino yekuchaja yakawandisa, kupisa kweiyo inclusions kunowedzera kutonhora kwebhatiri electrolyte, zvichikonzera kuderera kwekupikiswa kwemukati kwebhatiri; Yakawedzerwa kuchaja ikozvino. Tembiricha inokwira uye ikozvino yebhatiri inowedzerwa, uye inopedzisira isingadzoreki, zvekuti bhatiri rakaremara, kuputika. Kunyange zvazvo thermal kunze-kwe-control isiri iyo yekukundikana maitiro e-lead-asidhi mabhatiri, hazvina kujairika.

Teerera kune chiitiko chekuchaja voltage uye kupisa chizvarwa chebhatiri. 7, ngura ye negative general convolution. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, gedhi replate rakashata uye mutsara webhazi hauna matambudziko ekuora, asi muvharivha-inodzorwa bhatiri rakavharwa, kana kutenderera kweokisijeni kuchigadziriswa, nzvimbo yepamusoro yebhatiri yakakanganiswa zvakanyanya, uye bhari yebhasi iri mu diaphragm.

Kwira panzeve kubhazi. Iyo alloy yebhasi bar ichave oxidized, uye mutungamiri we sulfate unowedzera kuumbwa. Kana iyo bhasi bar alloy yakasarudzwa zvisina kufanira, kuyerera kwezvakasara inclusions uye mapundu anorongwa.

Iyo ngura inodzika pamwe nemagapu aya, zvichikonzera kubuda, kutadza kweplateti yakaipa. 8, iyo diaphragm perforation inokonzera pfupi pfupi. Iyo diaphragm yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai sePP (polypropylene) diaphragm, hombe pore dhayamita, uye PP fuse inogona kukonzera kutama, zvichikonzera makomba mahombe, zvinhu zvinoshanda zvinogona kupfuura nemakomba makuru panguva yekuchaja uye kubuda, zvichikonzera micro short circuit , Ita kutadza kwebhatiri.

Chechipiri, kutadza kwezvinhu zvinokanganisa hupenyu hwebhatiri ye-lead-asidi imhedzisiro yezvinhu zvakawanda, izvo zvinotemerwa muzvinhu zvemukati zvendiro, senge kuumbwa, chimiro chekristaro, porosity, saizi yeplate, grid material, uye Mamiriro, nezvimwewo, zvinoenderanawo nenhevedzano yezvinhu zvekunze, sekuburitsa ikozvino density, electrolyte concentration uye tembiricha, kudzika kudzika, mamiriro ekuchengetedza, uye nguva yekuchengetedza, nezvimwe. Chinhu chakakosha chekunze chinoongororwa pano.

1, kudzika kwakadzika. Kudzika kwekuyerera kunotanga kumira kana uchiburitsa panguva yekuita. 100% kudzika kunongedza kugona kwese.

Hupenyu hwebhatiri re-lead-asidhi hunokanganiswa zvakanyanya nekudzika kwekubuda. Chinangwa chekutarisa dhizaini ndechekushandisa kutenderera, kudzika kutenderera kana kushandiswa kunoyangarara. Kana bhatiri rinoshandiswa neshallow cycle rinoshandiswa mukudzika kwakadzika, bhatiri re-lead-acid rinokurumidza kupera.

Sezvo kusungirirwa kweiyo yakanaka electrode inoshanda chinhu chisina kusimba, iyo inotungamira inogadzirwa nemutobvu, uye kuchaja kunodzoserwa kune inotungamira, iyo molecular mwando we lead inotungamira sulfate yakakura, uye inoshanda vhoriyamu yekuwedzera inowedzerwa kana yaburitswa. Kana 1 mole ye lead-yakashandurwa inotungamira mu 1 mole ye lead, vhoriyamu yakawedzera 95%. Nokudaro kudzokororwa kunodzokorora uye kuwedzera, kusungirirwa kwepakati pakati pezvikamu zvezvikamu zvisingatori zvishoma zvishoma nezvishoma, zviri nyore kudonha.

Kana iyo inoshanda ye 1 mole yeelixir inongova 20% kubuda, dhigirii yekuwedzera inoderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye simba rekubatanidza rinoputsika zvishoma nezvishoma, saka kudzika kudzika kwekubuda, kupfupika kwehupenyu hwekutenderera. 2, pamusoro pekubhadhara. Pane huwandu hukuru hwekunaya kwegasi panguva yekuchaja.

Panguva ino, iyo inoshandiswa inoshandiswa inorohwa negesi, iyo inokonzera kuti chinhu chinoshanda chiwe; uyezve, iyo yakanaka plate grid alloy zvakare yakasvibiswa neyakaomarara anodization, saka bhatiri rakawandisa. Shortexide. 3, mhedzisiro yekushisa.

Hupenyu hwebhatiri reLead-asidhi hunowedzerwa nekukwira kwetembiricha. Pa10-35 ° C, litita imwe neimwe i1 ° C, inenge 5-6 mitsetse; pakati pe35-45 ° C, kusimudza kwega kwega kunogona kuwedzera 25 cycles, kupfuura 50 ° C, nekuda kwe electrode yakaipa Kurasikirwa kwevulcanization simba. Hupenyu hwebhatiri hunowedzera nekupisa mune imwe tembiricha renji, nekuti huwandu hunowedzera nekuwedzera tembiricha.

Kana simba rekubuda risina kuchinjwa, kudzika kwekubuda kunoderedzwa, uye kushayikwa kwehupenyu kunowedzera nguva yekupisa kwekushisa. 4, pesvedzero ye sulfuric acid concentration. Kunyangwe kuwanda kweasidhi kunobatsira kune yakanaka electrode plate kugona, kuzviburitsa kwebhatiri kunowedzera, kuora kwegridi kunokwidziridzwawo, uye kutsemuka kwekutungamira kwekutungamira kunokonzereswa, uye hupenyu hwekutenderera hunodzikiswa sezvo bhatiri rine chigadzirwa chitsva.

5. Mhedzisiro ye discharge current density. Sezvo kuyerera kwazvino kunowedzera, hupenyu hwebhatiri hunodzikiswa nekuti iyo yakanaka electrode dioxide iri kudonha pasi pasi pehukuru hwazvino uye yakanyanya acid concentration mamiriro.

Pachine imwe mukukundikana mode imvura. Nezve bhatiri rekuvhura, mvura iri mukugadzirisa zvakajairika, uye bhatiri rekuisa chisimbiso harisi pasi pekutonga kwakasimba. Saka, handina kuisa kurasikirwa kwemvura mune yekukundikana mode.

Yakavharwa bhatiri matambudziko asina kurasikirwa, akaunganidzwa mumabhasikoro emagetsi, nekuti inogara voltage kukosha kwekuchaja yakakwira zvakanyanya. Chechitatu, kukwanisa kwekurasikirwa kusati kwasvika (PCL) kugadzirisa nzira 1, maitiro ekurasikirwa kusati kwasvika kwekurasikirwa kusati kwasvika. Kana yakaderera bismuth kana lead calcium iri grid alloy, huwandu hwebhatiri hwakangoerekana hwadzikira mukutanga (anenge 20 cycles), zvekuti bhatiri rikasashanda.

Inenge yega yega bhatiri inotenderera inodonha ne5%, uye kumhanya kwesimba kunokurumidza uye nekukurumidza. Mumakore mashoma apfuura, bhatiri reiyo lead calcium alloy harina kunzi mashoma mashoma ebhatiri anodzikira. Iyo yekuora yakanaka ndiro haina kupfaviswa, asi iyo yakanaka danda kugona yakaderera zvakanyanya.

Nhasi, chikonzero chechiitiko ichi chakanyanya kuwana nzira yekugadzirisa: 1 Dzora zvinyorwa zveplateti yakanaka, bhatiri inonyanya 1.5% -2% tin content; 2 wedzera kumanikidza kweungano; 3 electrolyte Kuwanda kweasidhi hakufaniri kunge kwakanyanyisa. Chenjerera mukushandisa: 1 Dzivirira kutanga kuchaja ikozvino kubva pakuramba yakaderera; 2 Deredza kuyerera kwakadzika; 3 Kudzivirira kubhadharisa zvakanyanya; 4 Usawedzera huwandu hwebhatiri nekunyanyisa kushanda kwekushandisa zvinhu.

2, bhatiri rakarasika muvhoriyamu yekutanga, rinogona kudzorerwa. Chekutanga ndechekuti yekutanga kuchaja ikozvino nyowani kune 0.3-0.

5ca, wozochaja diki ikozvino kuchaja; bhatiri rechipiri remagetsi rinonyanya kuchengetwa pasi pe40-60 ° C; yakaburitswa ku0V ine diki ikozvino isingasviki 0.05 cA. Iyo bhatiri voltage inosvika kune zita remagetsi, kubuda kunenge kuchinonoka.

Izvi zvinodzokororwa kakawanda, simba rebhatiri rinogona kudzorerwa zvakare. Overtention: Iwe unofanirwa kuona bhatiri mune epamusoro makumi maviri kutenderera? Kana bhatiri radzikira simba munguva yekupedzisira, nzira iyi inogona chete kuparadza ndiro yakanaka yebhatiri uye kuita kuti iyo yakanaka electrode plate ipfave.

Bhatiri reiyo lead calcium alloy inowanzoderera zvisingatsananguriki. Zvakakosha kuti kusaenzana kwebhatiri kunokonzerwa nekusaenzana kwebhatiri. Iyo yakakwana voltage ye lead calcium alloy series yakakwira.

Kazhinji 12V bhatiri yekuchaja voltage yakakura kupfuura 16V. Kana iyo voltage yejaja yakadzikira, zviri nyore kukonzera kusaenzana kwebhatiri. Chiitiko ichi chinoitika: Kana seti yebatter yakaiswa pamwe chete, imwe neimwe yekuzviburitsa yega bhatiri haigone kuenzana, kuzviburitsa yega, uye haina kuzara yakazara nguva yega yega nekuramba kuchichaja.

Yakashongedzwa gasi maitiro, iyo yehukama nharaunda ye electrolyte yekubata electrolyte yakakura, uye yekuzviburitsa yakakura. Iyo yekuzviburitsa idiki, nguva imwe neimwe inogona kubhadhariswa zvizere, kana magetsi akazara nemagetsi, ndiko kuti, kuita gasi, kuburitsa gasi, iyo polar contact electrolyte pamusoro inoderedzwa, uye kuzviburitsa kunoderedzwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yekuchaja voltage yakakwira, uye charger inodzimwa.

Results Kuzviburitsa kudiki, uye voltage yakakwira ishoma uye idiki, uye nguva imwe neimwe inokwana, uye kuzvidzora kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera, uye hakuna kukwana kubhadharisa nguva imwe neimwe, uye iyo diki simba rinoshandiswa, iyo idiki simba iri Kutuka Kwenguva refu kuchaita vulcanize. Mudzi wedambudziko nderekuti iyo inongogara voltage charger haigone kushandisa inongogara voltage charger. Iyo yenguva dzose voltage charger ichava nechiitiko chiri pamusoro, uye iyo inogara ichikosha yevoltage ichaita kuti bhatiri rinopisa rirege kutonga.

Nzira yakanakisa ndeyekutora akasiyana macurrents. Multi-voltage multi-stage charger. Uye kana uchichaja kumagumo, kune yakakwira voltage uye diki diki ikozvino refu charge yekuenzanisa bhatiri.

Chechina, kugadziriswa kwechaji pamusoro pechaji kazhinji kunoda yakakwira ikozvino uye yakakwira voltage, uye hombe iripo uye yakakwirira voltage inoumba yakasimba divi rekuita uye kukuvadza ndiro yakanaka yebhatiri, uye kugadzira kurasikirwa kwebhatiri kwemvura. Iwe unoita sei kugadzirisa recharge? Nhasi, ndawana nzira inoshanda kwazvo - pulse. Nheyo yakakosha ndeyekushandisa yakakwira voltage uye yakakura ikozvino pulse inokunda nekuda kwekuderera kwesimba remhando dzakasiyana dzepuraimari, nekuti iri muchimiro chekupuruzira, mushure mekunge hombe yemazuva ano yarasika, kuburikidza nebhatiri pacharo (kana mamwe mamiriro) Polarization kugona, kwete kuita yakakomba side reaction.

Nekuda kwekuzvarwa kweiyi pulse overcharge kugadzirisa, zvinoonekwa kuti hapana kukuvadza kuwedzeredza, muna 2000, nyanzvi munyika dzakawanda munyika dzepasirese dzakatora yakanakisa verification report. Kwenguva yakati, iyo overcharge yekugadzirisa modhi inoumba mafambiro muindasitiri yemabhatiri epasirese. Iyo charger yemumba yakagadzira charger yakadaro mukupera kwa1999, iyo yakawana mhedzisiro yakanaka.

Mushure memakore akati wandei ekuedzwa kwekuongorora, nzira iyi yakawedzera zvakanyanya hupenyu hwekutenderera kwemabhatiri e-lead-acid.