Impilo eyandisiwe yebhethri ye-lithium-ion isisombululo esisha sokushaja

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - ପୋର୍ଟେବଲ୍ ପାୱାର ଷ୍ଟେସନ୍ ଯୋଗାଣକାରୀ

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion anomthamo omkhulu wamandla, usayizi omncane, isisindo kanye nezinye izinzuzo, kumaselula, izimakethe zamalaptop zithathe indawo ngokuphelele amanye amabhethri, ezibalelwa cishe ku-100%. Njengamanje, ibhethri ye-lithium-ion ikhula ngokushesha kumathuluzi kagesi nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, futhi ithemba layo lemakethe elibanzi liya ngokuya liqashelwa. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-nickel, i-nickel-cadmium, amabhethri e-lead-acid, kuyadingeka ukusunduza ukusetshenziswa nokuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion ngokushesha, futhi kufanele kuthuthukise njalo ukuphepha kwayo nokuphila kwesevisi.

Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngohlobo olusha lwesisombululo sokushaja kusukela ekhoneni leshaja, ukwandisa ukuphepha kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion, ukunweba impilo yebhethri, kuyilapho kunciphisa izindleko zeshaja. Enqubweni yokusebenzisa ibhethri, sivame ukuzwa umusho ofana nemboni yebhethri: "Kuncane ekusetshenzisweni kwebhethri, okuningi kuyahluka". Lo musho singawuqonda ukuthi izimo zokushaja okungalungile noma izindlela zingase zilimaze ibhethri futhi zinciphise ukuphila kwebhethri.

Thatha ibhethri ye-1,8650 ye-lithium-cobalt-free njengesibonelo, lapho ukushaja kungaphezu kwezinga lokushisa, ku-70 ¡ã C, i-electrolyte interface (SEI) isetshenziselwa ukubola nokushisa; I-120 ¡ã C, i-electrolyte, i-electrode enhle iqala ukubola okushisayo, okubangela igesi futhi ikhulise ngokushesha izinga lokushisa; Cishe ku-260 ¡ã C: Ukuqhuma kwebhethri. Noma shaja phezu kwengcindezi, ngokuya nge-overvoltage 5.5V, insimbi ye-lithium kulula ukuyikhipha, i-solvent ifakwe i-oxidized, ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa, ukujikeleza okubi, noma ngisho namabhethri, ukuqhuma.

Ngakho-ke, mayelana nendlela yokukhokhisa, sizoxoxa ngezinto ezibalulekile ezilandelayo ndawonye. Kungani ufuna ukushajwa ngaphambilini? I-voltage yokusebenza kwebhethri isuka ku-2.5V (ibhethri ye-carbon negative: 3V, amandla ngu-0%) ukuya ku-4.

2V (amandla angu-100%). Uma i-voltage ingaphansi kuka-2.5V, ukukhishwa kwebhethri kuyanqanyulwa.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuthi i-loop yokukhipha ivaliwe, ukulahlekelwa kwamanje kwesifunda sokuvikela sangaphakathi nakho kuncishisiwe kuya phansi. Yiqiniso, ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene zangaphakathi, i-voltage yokuqeda ukukhishwa ingaba ku-2.5V-3.

0V ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene zangaphakathi. Uma i-voltage idlula i-4.2V, iluphu yokushaja iyanqanyulwa ukuze kuvikelwe ukuphepha kwebhethri; futhi lapho iyunithi yokusebenza kwamandla kagesi yehla ngaphansi kuka-3.

0V, singacabanga ukuthi ukukhishwa kunqanyuliwe, iluphu yokukhipha inqanyuliwe ukuze kuvikelwe ukuphepha kwebhethri. Ngakho-ke, lapho ibhethri lingasetshenziswa, ibhethri kufanele ishajwe ugesi ongu-20%, bese kuba indawo evikela umswakama. Njengoba ibhethri ye-lithium-ion inesilinganiso esiphezulu samandla, kuyadingeka ukuvimbela ukushajwa ngokweqile kanye nokubeka ngokweqile empilweni yebhethri.

I-Overlant idala ubunzima ekutholeni izinto ezisebenzayo, uma ingena ngqo kumodi yamandla asheshayo (amandla amakhulu), izolimaza ibhethri, ithinte impilo yesevisi futhi ngenxa yalokho ingase ilethe izingozi zokuphepha. Okokuqala shaja yamanje encane (C / 10) ukuya ku-2.5V ukuya ku-3.

0V, bese uguqulela ekushajeni okusheshayo kuyadingeka. Nakuba ibhethri ye-lithium-ion yamanje inebhodi elivikelayo ekusetshenzisweni, ngokuvamile, ithuba lokweqa lizoba lincane, kodwa alifaki ukushajwa kwangaphambili, kulezi zimo ezimbili, isimo singase silethe ingozi efihliwe. Okokuqala, ibhodi lokuvikela alivumelekile, kanti okwesibili ukubeka (5% -10% / ngenyanga) izinga lokuzikhulula.

Ngakho-ke, ukushajwa kwangaphambili okuncane kwamanje kungaxazulula ngempumelelo inkinga yokushaja kwamaseli akhipha ngokweqile. Nokho, ukushaja okwamanje akukukhulu, kungcono. Ukuthatha ibhethri ye-lithium ion ye-monomer njengesibonelo, indlela yayo yokushaja ihlanganisa okwamanje, inqubo yokushaja i-voltage engaguquki, i-voltage engaguquki imvamisa ingu-4.

I-2V (njengesibonelo sebhethri ye-LiCoO2), inani eliqhubekayo lamanje lokusetha ngu-0.1c ~ 1c. Nakuba ukushajwa kwamandla amakhulu kuzofinyeza isikhathi sokushaja, kuzophinde kubangele ukuncipha kokufinyezwa nomthamo womjikelezo wempilo yebhethri, ngakho-ke sidinga ukukhetha inani elifanele lamanje elingashintshi esizolishaja.

Ngezansi ijika lobudlelwane lokushaja kwamanje okuhlukile kanye nomthamo webhethri weseli engu-4.2V / 900mAhlicoo2 (Umfanekiso 1), singabona ukuthi umthamo webhethri wokushaja okuncane kwamanje mkhulu kakhulu kunomthamo webhethri wokushaja okuphezulu kwamanje ngemva kwezindleko ezingaba ngu-500. Ukunemba kwe-voltage yokushaja okungaguquki kwe-voltage kudinga ibhethri elinamandla amakhulu, futhi i-overchaul izoba yingozi enkulu kubhethri ye-lithium-ion, futhi kungenzeka ukwandisa ukuvuza noma ngisho nokuqhuma.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula ukwenza into ye-electrolytic ebhethrini isheshise impilo yebhethri, ngakho-ke inani elinembile le-voltage engaguquki libalulekile empilweni yebhethri ye-lithium-ion. Ukuze ushajwe ngokugcwele, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani le-voltage engaguquki kanye nokunemba kwevelu ye-voltage yokunqanyulwa kungaphakathi kuka-1%. Ukuthatha ibhethri ye-ion ye-lithium-cobalt njengesibonelo, kungcono kakhulu ukusondela ku-4 ngangokunokwenzeka.

I-2V, kodwa ingabi ngaphezu kwe-4.2V, le ndlela yokushaja kagesi enembayo ephezulu inganciphisa ukuchithwa kwe-cobalt, izinze ukwakheka okugqinsiwe kwe-LiCoO2, ikwenze I-coating ayishintshi, ithuthukisa ukusebenza komjikelezo, futhi igcina umthamo ophezulu. Ukwengeza, ngisho nokugcwala ngokweqile kwebhethri kuzoletha izinto ezimbili, amandla okuqala ebhethri ancishisiwe kanye nempilo yomjikelezo webhethri yehliswe.

Endabeni yebhethri ye-ion enezinga eliphezulu, ukuze kuqinisekiswe umthamo webhethri omkhulu nokuphila, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokunemba kungaphansi kuka-0.5%. Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa kokunemba kwe-voltage yokushaja kuwubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bamashaja ebhethri e-lithium-ion.

Njengamanje, abantu banokungaqondi okunjalo kwe-voltage yokushaja yebhethri ye-lithium ion. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kukhona ibhodi lokuvikela ibhethri. Ayinandaba nokunemba kwe-voltage.

Lokhu akukhuthazwa. Ngenxa yokuthi ibhodi lokuvikela ibhethri lisetshenziselwa ukwenza ukuvikeleka okufika ngesikhathi ezingozini ezingaba khona, licabangela izici zokuphepha ezengeziwe, hhayi izici zokusebenza. Isibonelo, njengesibonelo se-4.

2V, ipharamitha yokuvikela i-overvoltage yepuleti lokuvikela ingu-4.30V (ezinye zingase zibe ngu-4.4V), uma isikhathi ngasinye sigcwele, ngo-4.

I-30V njengendawo yokunqamula ukushaja, umthamo webhethri uzoshesha kakhulu. Kungani unomdayisi weshaja abalokhu bethinta osebenzisa ishaja ukuthi babuye, bethi ishaja iphukile ngoba ibhethri lishajwa ngelinye ilanga, ibhethri aligcwali, ishaja ayilayishi, njalo i-Red light. Uma umenzi ekala ishaja ngempela, uthola ukuthi ijwayelekile futhi ihlangabezana nezidingo zefekthri.

Iyini le nkinga? Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba le shaja ayikunaki ukuguga kwebhethri. Uma ngabe ukushaja okubulalayo kuncane kakhulu, kuzokwenza ukuthi ibhethri yokuguga ngeke ifinyelele iphuzu elimisiwe lokushaja eliqediwe, ukuze umsebenzisi ahlulele kabi, futhi kubhekwa ukuthi ishaja ibiyimbi. Inhloso yomshini wokushaja ukuvimbela ukuhamba ngebhayisikili okulimele noma okuningi kakhulu kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion, esigabeni esiqondile sokushaja, ngenxa yokuphuma ngokwakho, kunzima ukungena esimweni se-EOC (esiphezulu kunokwahlulela okwamanje), ngakolunye uhlangothi kumsebenzisi Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungenzeka futhi ukwandisa ukushaja kwebhethri ngokweqile.

Ngokuhloswe ngazo lezi zici, i-chip entsha yokushaja ibhethri ye-multi-lithium-ion i-OZ8981 eyethulwe ubuchwepheshe obungalingani (O2Micro) isivele iyisixazululo esiphelele. I-OZ8981 iyi-chip edidiyelwe yokuphatha ukushaja ene-voltage enembile, okukhiphayo kwamanje, nokuvikela okuningi, futhi inikezela ngemodi yokulawula ukushaja enezigaba eziyisithupha enomklamo olula wesistimu nezindleko eziphansi. Kubalulekile kumaphakethe ebhethri e-lithium ion ezimotweni zikagesi ezilula, amabhayisikili kagesi namathuluzi kagesi.

I-OZ8981 engabizi kakhulu futhi ethembeke kakhulu iqukethe izilawuli zokushaja ezididiyelwe ze-single-chip ezithola umphumela osebenzayo we-amplifier wephutha. Isekela ukushaja kwe-pulse engu-0V, ukushajwa ngaphambili, ukushajwa kwamanje okungashintshi, ukushaja okungaguquki kwamandla kagesi, umnqamulajuqu, nokulawula ukushajwa kabusha okuzenzakalelayo. Ukulawula ukushaja okuhlakaniphile.

Isekela izilungiselelo eziguquguqukayo ze-voltage yokuqalisa eshajwe ngaphambili, ukushajwa kwamanje okungashintshi, inani lokushaja kagesi elingaguquki, kanye nenani lamanje lokushaja elinqanyuliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-OZ8981 ine-voltage yokushaja enembile kakhulu ("1%) kanye nokukhishwa kwamanje (" 5%); ngokulungiswa kokumelana kwangaphandle, ukunemba kokukhishwa kwe-voltage kungaba "0.5%).

Ukusekelwa kokucindezelwa kokushaja okukabili: ukushajwa kwangaphambili, ukushaja okungaguquki kwamandla kagesi kusesikhathini (ubukhulu bamahora ama-5, noma cha). Ukusekela ukuvikelwa kwezinga lokushisa okubili: ukuvikelwa kwangaphakathi kwezinga lokushisa (115 ¡ã C), ukuvikelwa kwezinga lokushisa kwangaphandle (okuzenzakalelayo: 44 ¡ã C) nokuvikelwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi (okuzenzakalelayo: 2 ¡ã C). Iphoyinti lokuvikela izinga lokushisa langaphandle kungaba izilungiselelo eziguquguqukayo zangaphandle.

Ukusekela ukushaja ukuvikelwa kokucindezela ngokweqile, ukuvikelwa kwe-overcurrent, ukuvikelwa kwesekethe emfushane. Sekela ukutholwa kokufinyelela okuzenzakalelayo kwebhethri, isibonisi se-LED esiqondile sesimo sokushaja. Idivayisi isebenzisa iphakheji yendawo yonke ye-SOP16.

Fig. 4 igrafu ebonisa igrafu yokushaja yebhethri ye-lithium ion ye-OZ8981. Ngokuhlanganisa ne-chip ye-PWM engaphambili, i-OZ8981 izosiza abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole ngokushesha ishaja yebhethri ye-lithium-ion ephephile futhi ephumelelayo nebiza kancane.