Imoto kagesi i-lithium battery umthamo wemitha yokuklama isisombululo

Umbhali :Iflowpower - Umhlinzeki Wesiteshi Samandla Esiphathekayo

Amathegi: Amandla Amandla Ebhethri 1 Isandulelo Ukuvikelwa Kwemvelo (Isifinyezo) kungenxa yezinkinga zokunukubezeka kwemvelo ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza okubucayi kakhulu, okokuqala kwadonsela ukunaka kwamazwe athuthukile, futhi kancane kancane kubangele wonke umphakathi ukuba unake ukubaluleka kwemithetho kazwelonke neziqondiso kanye nenkulumo-ze yemibono yomphakathi. Izinyathelo zokuvikela imvelo kanye nokusingatha ngempumelelo izinkinga zokungcoliswa kwamazwe ngamazwe athuthukile ukuthuthukisa izwe lami. Eqinisweni, hhayi izimoto zikagesi kuphela okufanele umthamo webhethri, amabhethri amaningi asebenzisa imfuneko ephuthumayo.

Izindlela zendabuko zokuqapha ibhethri ziyi-voltmeter kuphela, kodwa i-voltage ayibonisi ngokunembile umthamo webhethri, ngokuvamile ine-voltage evamile, kodwa ayikho umthamo. Njengoba umsebenzisi evame ukuzwa ukudideka, angazi ukuthi ibhethri lingasetshenziswa isikhathi esingakanani, ngakho ngithinte ukusetshenziswa kwezikhathi eziningi ezibalulekile, kulula ukudala izingozi. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ithuluzi elibonisa umthamo webhethri.

Njengamanje, kunemikhiqizo efanayo emazweni angaphandle, kodwa ingase ingaboni indlela yokuqaliswa ngenxa yobumfihlo bezobuchwepheshe. Kuleli phepha, imoto kagesi isetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa into, futhi umthamo webhethri osetshenziswa indlela yokulinganisa kagesi ungalinganiswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Kusekelwe esimisweni esinjalo sokuthi ibhethri ibalwa futhi iphindaphindwe yi-coefficient yokulahlekelwa ehambisanayo ukuze kuboniswe umthamo webhethri (i-coefficient kufanele icabangele umthamo webhethri kanye namandla okuphuma kwebhethri.

umthelela). 2 Umgomo oyisisekelo Amapharamitha okusebenza kwebhethri abalulekile ku-electromotive, umthamo, amandla athile kanye nokumelana. Amandla kagesi alingana neyunithi yokushaja ephozithivu ukusuka ku-electrode eyinegethivu ukuya ku-electrode ephozithivu ngaphakathi kwebhethri, amandla enziwe ibhethri awamile (amakhemikhali).

Amandla kagesi ancike kumakhemikhali ezinto ze-electrode, ngaphandle kobukhulu bebhethri. Isamba sokushajwa kwebhethri kungaba umthamo webhethri, ovame ukusetshenziswa emahoreni ama-ampere. Ekuphenduleni kwebhethri, amandla kagesi ento yokusabela engu-1 kg abizwa ngokuthi isilinganiso samandla ebhethri.

Umthamo wangempela webhethri mncane kunamandla kunethiyori. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-reactants ebhethri awashajwe ngokugcwele, ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri nakho kubangela amandla kagesi, ngakho-ke kuvame ukubiza amabhethri anamandla aphezulu kunamandla. Indawo yebhethri inkulu, futhi ukumelana kwangaphakathi kuncane.

Ngaphezu kwebhethri elithile ngokwalo, kusobala ukuthi umthamo ungalinganiswa uma inani lokushaja nokuphuma kwebhethri kungarekhodwa. Sicabanga ukuthi leli thuluzi elibizwa ngokuthi umthamo webhethri ebhethri elilodwa ukuze sifinyelele inhloso yomthamo wokubonisa. Lo mthamo uhambisa isifinyezo sebhethri ukuthi ishaje isamba sikagesi futhi ikhiphe wonke amandla futhi ukubala kuyaqondakala.

Ezinye izici ezithinta umthamo webhethri zihlanganiswa njenge-coefficient yokulahlekelwa, ephindaphinda inani lesibalo lokushajwa nokukhipha kanye nomthamo osele webhethri. Ngenxa yohlobo, ubukhulu kanye nokusebenza kwebhethri, i-coefficient yokulahlekelwa ihlukile, okubalulekile kuncike ekuhlolweni, ngakho-ke ayixoxi ngenkinga ye-coefficient, isifunda kuphela esiqeda umsebenzi wamandla okulinganisa. Umthamo webhethri ubhekisela kusayizi womthamo wokugcina ibhethri.

Iyunithi yomthamo webhethri i-MAH, igama lesiShayina lithi mAh (uma kulinganiswa ibhethri elikhulu njengebhethri, ukuze kube lula, igama lesiShayina liyavezwa, igama lesiShayina liphephile, 1AH = 1000mAh). Uma umthamo olinganiselwe webhethri ungu-1300mAh, uma ibhethri likhishwa ku-current ye-130 mA ku-0.1 C (C umthamo webhethri), ibhethri ingasebenza amahora angu-10 (1300 mAh / 130 mA = 10h); uma ukukhishwa kwamanje kungu-1300mA, lokho kunikwe amandla Isikhathi singaba yihora elingu-1 kuphela (kukhona umehluko othile emahoreni angempela okusebenza ngenxa yomthamo wangempela webhethri).

Lesi yisimo esikahle, futhi esamanje lapho idivayisi yedijithali isebenza ngempela, ayihlali njalo enanini elithile (njengekhamera yedijithali njengesibonelo, ukusebenza kwamanje kuzoba kukhudlwana ngenxa yesibonisi se-LCD, i-flash, njll. Shintsha), ukuze ibhethri libe inani elilinganiselwe kuphela lesikhathi sokuphakelwa kwamandla kwedivayisi, futhi leli nani lilinganiselwa kuphela ngomuzwa wangempela ohlobene nokusebenza. Ukushajwa kwebhethri nokukhipha kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene, amandla angaguquki, ukukhawulela, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunegethivu, njll.

, ngakho-ke imane isebenzisa yamanje ephindaphindwe amandla okulinganisa isikhathi, angakwazi ukushintshwa kwezinye izindlela ngaphandle kokugeleza njalo, futhi imodi ehlanganisiwe ayihambisani nenegethivu I-pulse ishajiwe, futhi ayifanele imingcele yesikhathi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi ukushaja, kuthinta amapharamitha angukhiye womthamo webhethri, okwamanje kanye nesikhathi, futhi ukushajwa kwe-pulse negative kubi kuphela. Kuze kube manje, siklame isifunda samandla ebhethri semodi yokusebenza elandelayo, umdwebo we-block block ubonisa uMfanekiso 1.

Umfanekiso 1 I-matrix yegeji yomthamo webhethri iqale iqaphe ukushajwa nokukhipha amandla ebhethri, bese iyiguqulela kusignali kagesi ukuze ikhulise, bese ithumela isiguquli sefrikhwensi kagesi ukuze iguqule isignali yefrikhwensi, ibonise inani lokubala ngendlela ethile, ehlanganisa umthamo webhethri Elilodwa. Eqinisweni, imvamisa yemvamisa imelela ubukhulu bamanje, i-current high, kanye nenani lama-pulses aqoshiwe ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Isikhathi sokushaja nesikhathi sokukhipha siphinde sibonakale ekubaleni ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kubalwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwenani lezikhathi.

Ngale ndlela, ukubalwa komthamo wokushaja kwebhethri kuqedwa kusetshenziswa indlela yokubala. Ebhethrini lamakhemikhali, amandla amakhemikhali aguqulwa ngokuqondile abe amandla kagesi, futhi imiphumela ye-oxidation ezenzakalelayo kanye nokunciphisa ibhethri kwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kusabela kwenziwa kuma-electrode amabili.

I-electrode esebenzayo esebenzayo iqukethe into encibilikayo ene-ejenti yokunciphisa ezinzile ku-electrolyte, njenge-zinc, i-cadmium, i-lead noma okunye okunjalo, njenge-zinc, i-cadmium, i-lead noma inhlanganisela ye-hydrogen, njll. Izinto ezisebenzayo ze-electrode ezisebenzayo zakhiwa amandla kanye ne-oxidant ezinzile ezinzile ku-electrolyte, njenge-metal oxide, umoya-mpilo noma umoya, i-halogen nosawoti wayo, i-asidi equkethe umoya-mpilo nosawoti wayo, nokunye okunjalo. I-electrolyte iyinto enezinto ezine-ion conductivity enhle, njengesisombululo esinamanzi se-asidi, i-alkali, usawoti, isixazululo sezinto eziphilayo noma ezingezona eziphilayo ezingenamanzi, usawoti oncibilikisiwe noma i-electrolyte eqinile, njll.

Lapho isifunda sangaphandle sinqanyuliwe, nakuba kukhona umehluko ongase ube khona (i-voltage yesifunda evulekile), akukho okwamanje, amandla amakhemikhali agcinwe ebhethri awaguqulwa abe amandla kagesi. Lapho isifunda sangaphandle sivaliwe, kukhona okwamanje ogeleza phezu kwesifunda sangaphandle ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa komehluko ongaba khona wama-electrode amabili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphakathi kwebhethri, njengoba ingekho i-electron yamahhala enama-electron mahhala ku-electrolyte, ukudlulisa nakanjani kuhambisana ne-oxidation noma ukunciphisa ukusabela kwe-e-polar esebenzayo kanye ne-interface ye-electrolyte, kanye nokufuduka kwezinto ezibonakalayo zomkhiqizo we-reactant kanye nokusabela.

Ukwenyuka kwamandla kwamahhala (ukugxila) ku-Gibbs; F umthetho weFaraday = 96500 library = 26.8·Amahora; N inombolo yezikhathi ibhethri. Lobu ubudlelwano obuyisisekelo be-thermodynamic phakathi kwamandla ebhethri e-electromotive kanye nokusabela kwebhethri, futhi kuwuhlelo oluyisisekelo olushisayo lokubala ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla ebhethri.

Inhlanganisela yama-amplifiers amabili aphelele kanye nezinto zokubala ezihlehliswayo zibona ukukalwa kwegebe lokukhipha (okungukuthi, ukushaja okunegethivu kweshayela), futhi iqedela ukubalwa kwezinkomba ezimbili zokushaja kanye nokukhipha ngesethi yamasekhethi. Uma ukushaja kukalwa, isibalo esihlehlayo (ukuncipha) lapho ukuchithwa kukhishwa, kanye nesiqondiso sokubala sekhawunta ehlehliswayo siyalawulwa. 3 Indlela Yokumenyezelwa kanye Nesixazululo Esibalulekile Sobuchwepheshe 3.

1 Inhloso Yesampula Yamanje Isampula Inhloso ukushintsha isignali yamanje ibe isignali kagesi, ngokuvamile kunezindlela ezintathu: (1) ukumelana namasampula; (2) isihlukanisi; (3) Ithuluzi lasehholo. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwamabhethri emoto kagesi, yamanje inkulu, ngokusobala isetshenziswa ukumelana nesampula akufanelekile, futhi i-shunt inzima kakhulu futhi ivolumu nayo inkulu, futhi idivayisi yeHholo isetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu buncane, futhi isisindo sifakwe kancane emotweni.

Ububi bayo ukuthi intengo ibiza kakhulu, kodwa ayinakwa ngokuphelele ngamanani ebhethri asetshenziswa emotweni. Ngenxa yokukhethwa kwemikhiqizo evuthiwe engathengwa, isifunda silula asikho ohlwini.