Izinkampani zezimoto zihlola ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri futhi zisebenzisa imodeli yemakethe yesitebhisi samandla emakethe ebanzi

Аўтар: Iflowpower - Cyflenwr Gorsaf Bŵer Cludadwy

"Inkampani ekhiqiza izimoto njengendikimba eyinhloko yokutholwa kwebhethri lamandla, indawo yokukhipha ibhethri yokugcina amandla kufanele isungulwe, futhi isiteshi sokugaywa kabusha sakhiwa ngesikhungo sesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa, inkampani eqashisa ngamabhethri nezinye iziteshi ezigaywe kabusha. Ingakwazi futhi ukubambisana nezinkampani ezifanele ukwakha, ukwabelana ngesiteshi sokuvuselela kabusha, ukuthuthukisa ukululama. Izinkampani ezikhiqiza izimoto kufanele futhi zenze izimfuneko zesibopho ezifana nolwazi oluhlobene lokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri esitoreji samandla.

"Izinyathelo Zesikhashana Zokuphathwa Kabusha Kwebhethri Lamandla Emoto Entsha Yamandla" okumenyezelwe (ngemuva kwalokhu okuzobizwa ngokuthi "" Ukuhumusha "), kuphinde kwagcizelela indikimba eyinhloko yebhethri yokulondoloza amandla. Muva nje, i-SAIC Group kanye ne-CATL basayine imemorandamu yokusebenzisana, edingida ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokusetshenziswa kokuphromotha okuhlanganyelwe kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla. Ngokwesisekelo sobunikazi "bomkhiqizi wezimoto", engeza umazisi "womshini wokuvuselela amandla", okusho ukuthi inkampani yezimoto inomthwalo wemfanelo omningi.

Lesi sibopho asihlobene kuphela nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kodwa futhi sihlobene nokuthuthukiswa komjikelezo onempilo wochungechunge lwemboni yezimoto zamandla amasha, kodwa futhi isihloko sendawo yemakethe entsha ngaphandle kwendawo yemakethe entsha ebhizinisini lendabuko lokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza. I-"Recycling" ibonise "ukuhunyushwa" kwebhizinisi lezimoto, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yezimoto zamandla amasha, izwe lami selihamba phambili ekukhiqizeni nasekuthengiseni izimoto ezintsha zamandla, ukukhiqizwa nokuthengisa kwebhethri yokugcina amandla nakho kuzokhuphuka unyaka nonyaka, ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri yokugcina amandla kuseduze, iNhlangano ikhathazeke kakhulu. Ngo-2009-2012, izwe lami lakhuthaza izimoto zamandla amasha angu-17,000, futhi lahlanganisa ibhethri yokugcina amandla cishe oku-1.

2GWH. Ngemuva kuka-2013, imoto yamandla entsha yokukhushulwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo, kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2017, ikhuthaze izimoto ezintsha zamandla ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.8, futhi ibhethri yokugcina amandla imayelana ne-86.

9GWH. Ngokusho kochwepheshe bezimboni, kulinganiselwa kusukela esikhathini sewaranti yenkampani, impilo yomjikelezo webhethri, izimo zokusebenzisa imoto, futhi ngemva kuka-2018, amabhethri amasha okugcina amandla emoto azongena empeshenini enkulu, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ngaphezu kwamathani angu-200,000 (24.6GWH) aqoqwe ngo-2020.

Uma ungasebenzisa u-70% ozosetshenziselwa umdayisi, cishe amathani angu-60,000 amabhethri kufanele achithwe. Ngemva kokuba ibhethri yokugcina amandla isiyekiwe, uma ukulahlwa kungalungile, izoyilahla, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izoletha umthelela wemvelo kanye nezingozi zokuphepha emphakathini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzoba nokumoshwa kwezinsiza.

Isixazululo sokubuyiselwa kwebhethri ye-lithium samandla sibe umcibisholo ocingweni, futhi "Ukutolika" kunanela, ezimisweni ezimbili zikazwelonke, amalungu amaningi amele inkampani yezimoto acele ukukhuthazwa kokuvuselelwa kwebhethri ye-lithium enamandla. Omele Ikhongolose Yabantu Kazwelonke, Unobhala Weqembu le-SAIC Group, uSihlalo u-Chen Hong wenze isiphakamiso sokuthi kutholwe izimoto ezisebenza ngamandla amasha futhi imoto yesintu ithole iziqu. Ibhethri eliboshiwe izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe, ukugada kanye nendlela yokuphuma.

Kancane kancane qeda ubuchwepheshe emuva, izinkampani ezihambisana nemvelo. Nikeza uxhaso lwe-R <000000> D olusetshenziswa isinyathelo sebhethri le-lithium yamandla, umhlahlandlela wokukhiqiza nokubambisana kocwaningo, ukucwaninga ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo kanye nezimpumelelo ezinikezwa ngabakhiqizi basekhaya, ukunciphisa izindleko zokutholwa kwenkampani. Ummeleli weNational People&39;s Congress, uNobhala weKomidi leGuangqi Group Party, uSihlalo uZeng Qinghong ukholelwa ukuthi udaba olubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemoto entsha yamandla ezwe lami "ibhodlela lebhethri le-lithium elinamandla lidinga ukugqobhoza", futhi kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokuthuthukiswa emkhakheni webhethri ye-lithium enamandla, okungukuthi i-Dynamic lithium battery recycling iboniswa kancane kancane.

Ukugaywa kabusha kwemoto ngayinye "isivivinyo sokuqala" kuyisihloko esisha, izinkampani eziningi zezimoto zisasesigabeni sokuqala, kodwa abanye abantu "bazame kuqala kuqala". U-Li Yutu, isekela lomphathi omkhulu we-Beiqi New Energy Engineering, wethula intatheli ye-Beijing Craft Body Battery Technology Co., Ltd.

, yethula "izwe lami lezindaba zezimoto", ekuqaleni kukaJuni 2016, iBeiqi New Energy kanye neXinxiang Battery Research Institute yasungulwa eBeijing Beijing Craft Body Battery Technology Co., Ltd., ihlanganisa ngokugcwele imakethe yemboni, ubuchwepheshe, izinto zokwakha, ibhethri, ibhethri elinqamulayo, izinsiza zokubola, ukwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri esistimu entsha kanye nocwaningo lokusebenzisa iladi.

Ngo-2017, amandla amasha e-Beiqi wethule "Uhlelo lwe-Optimus" futhi luhlela ukutshala ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 ngo-2022. Yakhe iziteshi zokonga ugesi ezingu-3,000 ezilula ezweni, kanti izimoto ezingu-500,000 zifakwa ezimotweni zikagesi. Ngaphezu kwe-5GWH.

Phakathi kwazo, isiteshi sokugcina amandla okukhanya sizosetshenziselwa ukwenza ibhethri, njengedivayisi yokugcina amandla yokunikezwa kwamandla kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi. Kuyaqondwa ukuthi emkhakheni wokusetshenziswa kwezitebhisi emkhakheni wesitebhisi, ubuciko busungule ngokuyisisekelo inkundla yenethiwekhi yokuqala yedatha yasekhaya yedatha esekelwe kudatha yebhethri retrospective, ukuqapha, ukuhlola nokusebenza; futhi uphathe kahle yonke iphakheji namamojula. Usebenzisa uhlobo lobuchwepheshe bokugaywa kabusha kwezitebhisi, hlola ngenkuthalo amamodeli ebhizinisi amasha njengokuthi "ukuqasha".

NgoMasingana walo nyaka, umhlaka-16 we-Chongqing Changan, BYD, Yinlong New Energy nezinye izinkampani zezimoto namabhethri eziyi-16 namandla okugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium kanye nokusetshenziswa kombhoshongo wethu kazwelonke wensimbi, ukugaywa kabusha kwebhethri lamandla emoto yamandla, kusayine isivumelwano sozakwethu esinamasu. izwe lami uMbhoshongo unemibhoshongo yensimbi ecishe ibe yizigidi ezi-2 ezweni, enebhethri likagesi elifinyelela ezigidini ezingama-44 kWh; iziqongo ezingu-600,000 zokugcwalisa isiteshi sase-Valley ukuze sibe nebhethri engaba yizigidi ezingu-44 kWh; Iziteshi zamandla ezintsha ezingu-500,000 kufanele zibe nebhethri elinganiselwa ku-48 million kWh Isamba sebhethri cishe izigidi eziyi-136 kWh. Ngokolwazi oluthi "Ukutolika", i-Tower yezwe lami yakhiwe ngaphezu kwezitebhisi zebhethri ze-lithium ezinamandla ezingaphezu kuka-3,000 ezifundazweni nasemadolobheni angu-12, futhi ithole imiphumela engcono.

Kunjalo, isibonelo sakamuva ukubambisana kwe-SAIC Group kanye ne-CATL. Mayelana nalokhu, i-SAIC ithe ngokubambisana, zombili izinhlangothi zizosebenzisa izinzuzo zazo ngokulandelana kwazo kubuchwepheshe obusha bezimoto zamandla, ukukhiqiza, kanye nesevisi, ukushayela amandla okubuyisela ibhethri ye-lithium bese zisebenzisa imboni ukwenza intuthuko engcono futhi esheshayo. Okuqaphelekayo wukuthi zombili izinhlangothi seziphinde “zinomshado”, kanti ngonyaka odlule umemezele ukusungulwa kwezinhlelo ezimbili ezihlangene.

Ngalesi sikhathi, ichazwa yizwe langaphandle ngokuthi "i-card bit" emandleni okugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium. Amathemba emakethe asungulwe kabanzi ukuze kwakhiwe imboni esafufusa, hhayi nje ukukhuthaza izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke, kodwa ekugcineni ukuya emzileni wokuthuthukiswa okahle, ongakatholakali kumodeli yebhizinisi, namamodeli amahle ebhizinisi namathemba okuthuthukiswa, intuthuko yobuchwepheshe, njll. Okuhlobene.

Ngokokuhlaziywa "Kwesimo Samanje kanye Nombiko Wocwaningo Lwethrendi we-Dynamic Lithium Battery Recycling", umjikelezo wempilo wamabhethri e-lithium aguquguqukayo, kuzoba inkambu evelayo ebaluleke kakhulu esekelwe kumjikelezo wempilo yebhethri ye-lithium enamandla. Kusukela eminyakeni emibili edlule, izwe lami lizoba nenani elikhulu lamabhethri e-lithium amandla esikhathini sokuchithwa (kubalulekile ukuthi kube ibhethri ye-ion ye-lithium iron phosphate ngaphambi kuka-2023). Amabhethri asethathe umhlalaphansi azosetshenziswa kuqala, futhi ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwensiza kuyaqaliswa.

Kulindeleke ukuthi imakethe kulindeleke ukuthi idlule ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 ngo-2020 kanye nama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-38. Phakathi kwazo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-cascade kuyisigaba esithembisa kakhulu, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubekisele phambili ukwakhiwa "kokugcina amandla" kule makethe enkulu evelayo. Ithemba lemakethe ebanzi akusho ukusungula imodeli yebhizinisi kuzoba kahle.

Ngokubuka kuka-Li Yuchang, izindleko zamanje zokutholwa kwebhethri ye-lithium ziphezulu, futhi umnotho umpofu. Imboni eguquguqukayo yokutholwa kwebhethri ye-lithium ayikakhi umphumela wesikali, futhi alukho uhlelo oluvuthiwe lokuphinda lusetshenziswe e-China. Ezinye izinkampani zezimoto zamandla amasha, amabhethri e-lithium amandla, izinto zebhethri zihlanganisa ukuzimisela ukugaywa kabusha nokusebenzisa ibhethri, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemodeli yebhizinisi emisha, ayikho imodeli yebhizinisi ecacile, imodi yokuvuselela ibhethri ye-lithium eqinile kunzima ukuqala.

U-Li Yuchang uphakamise ukuthi ngesisekelo sokwenza ukuhlaziywa nokuhlola komnotho wezobuchwepheshe, ngemva kokuqongelela ulwazi oluhlobene, ukukopisha imodeli yokuthuthukiswa komnotho oyindilinga ngenani lokuphromotha, ukuvimbela kusengaphambili. Inkampani isungula futhi ihlola ngenkuthalo, isheshisa ukuphazamiseka kwezinqubo zesikhungo, ihlanganisa izimo zokudala izinsiza zokuqanjwa kabusha kwemodeli yebhizinisi, ikhuthaze izinsiza eziningi zenhlalo namandla okugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium kanye nokusungulwa kwemodeli yezohwebo.