Thin-film Solar Panels yog dab tsi

1. Thin-film Solar Panels yog dab tsi?

Tsis zoo li thawj tiam ntawm lub hnub ci hnub ci tau ua los ntawm ib leeg- lossis ntau-crystalline silicon, nyias zaj duab xis hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yog tsim los siv ib lossis ntau txheej ntawm PV ntsiab lus nyob rau saum npoo uas muaj ntau yam iav, yas, lossis hlau los hloov. hnub ci rau hauv hluav taws xob. Thiab cov feem ntau siv rau nyias zaj duab xis hnub ci tshuab yog cadmium telluride (CdTe), tooj liab indium gallium selenide (CIGS), amorphous silicon (a-Si), thiab gallium arsenide (GaAs).

2 Cov qauv ntawm Nyias-film Solar Panels

Nyias-film Hnub Ci Vaj Huam Sib Luag muaj ntau lub hnub ci nyias nyias thiab siv lub teeb lub zog (photons) los ntawm lub hnub los tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm cov nyhuv photovoltaic Nws kuj suav nrog cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, backsheet thiab junction box, tag nrho cov ntawm lawv ua hauj lwm ua ke los xyuas kom meej cov kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag.

Thin-film solar cells yog dab tsi?

Nyias-film solar cells yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas hloov lub hnub ci mus rau hauv lub zog hluav taws xob los ntawm cov nyhuv photovoltaic.Thin-film cell sib piv siv cov khoom siv tsawg dua - lub xov tooj ntawm tes qhov chaw ua haujlwm feem ntau tsuas yog 1 txog 10 micrometers tuab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyias-film hlwb feem ntau tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem loj hauv cheeb tsam, uas tuaj yeem ua cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, tsis tu ncua.

Dab tsi ntxiv, nyias zaj duab xis hnub ci vaj huam sib luag siv txheej nyias ntawm cov pob tshab oxide, xws li tin oxide ua haujlwm. Thaum lub cev nyias nyias yog ua los ntawm ntau cov pob zeb me me ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor los tsim kom muaj hluav taws xob zoo dua nrog kev sib txuas, hu ua heterojunction. Generalloy no hom ntawm nyias-zaj duab xis li yuav ua tau raws li ib tug ib chav tsev - uas yog, monolithically -nrog rau txheej raws li ib tug txheej yog muab tso rau sequentially ntawm ib co substrate, nrog rau deposition ntawm antireflection txheej thiab pob tshab conducting oxide.

Cov txheej yog dab tsi?

Feem ntau nyias-zaj duab xis hnub ci vaj huam sib luag muaj nyias nyias (tsawg dua 0.1 micron) txheej nyob rau sab saum toj hu ua "qhov rais" txheej kom nqus lub teeb lub zog los ntawm tsuas yog lub zog siab kawg ntawm lub spectrum. Nws yuav tsum nyias txaus thiab muaj qhov dav txaus bandgap (2.8 eV lossis ntau dua) kom cia tag nrho cov teeb pom kev zoo los ntawm kev sib tshuam (heterojunction) mus rau txheej absorbing. Cov txheej absorbing nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais, feem ntau doped p-hom, nruab nrog ib tug siab absorptivity (muaj peev xwm nqus photons) rau siab tam sim no thiab ib tug haum band sib txawv los muab ib tug zoo voltage.

Backsheet yog dab tsi?

Raws li ib tug polymer los yog ib tug ua ke ntawm polymers nrog ntau yam additives, backsheet yog tsim los muab ib tug barrier ntawm lub hnub ci hlwb thiab ib puag ncig sab nraud. Los ntawm qhov peb tuaj yeem pom cov ntawv rov qab yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntev, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag.

Dab tsi yog junction box?

Raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv rau hauv tsev thiab tiv thaiv kev sib txuas hluav taws xob, lub thawv sib txuas tshwj xeeb yog tsim los muab qhov chaw nyab xeeb thiab ruaj ntseg rau kev sib txuas hluav taws xob kom tiv thaiv kev sib cuag nrog cov xov hlau nyob thiab ua kom yooj yim rau yav tom ntej tu lossis kho. Feem ntau, PV hlws ris lub thawv yog txuas rau sab nraum qab ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag thiab ua haujlwm raws li nws qhov kev sib tshuam. Kev sib txuas sab nraud rau feem ntau cov photovoltaic modules siv MC4 connectors los pab kom yooj yim weatherproof kev sib txuas mus rau tus so ntawm lub system. Lub USB fais fab interface kuj tseem siv tau.

3 Kev Txhim Kho Keeb Kwm ntawm Nyias-zaj duab xis Solar Panels

Cov keeb kwm ntawm nyias zaj duab xis hnub ci hnub ci hnub rov qab mus rau 1970s, thaum cov kws tshawb fawb pib lawv lub nrig tshawb nrhiav ntawm kev siv cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias (a-Si) ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los siv lub hnub ci zog, thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev txaus siab ntawm nyias zaj duab xis tshuab rau kev lag luam siv. thiab daim ntawv thov aerospace txhawb kev txhim kho ntawm amorphous silicon nyias-zaj duab xis hnub ci khoom siv.

Xyoo 1980s, kev nce qib hauv thev naus laus zis tau pab txhawb kev nthuav dav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyias nyias rau hauv cov tshiab, xws li cadmium telluride (CdTe) thiab tooj liab indium gallium selenide (CIGS), uas muaj kev hloov pauv ntau dua thiab cov nqi tsim khoom qis dua.

1990s thiab 2000s yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev nce qib tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov khoom siv hnub ci thib peb-cov khoom siv nrog lub peev xwm los kov yeej cov kev txwv theoretical efficiency rau cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev. Mang cov khoom tshiab xws li dye-sensitized solar cells, quantum dot solar cells tau tsim.

Hauv xyoo 2010s thiab thaum ntxov 2020s, kev tsim kho tshiab hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab hnub ci thev naus laus zis tau suav nrog kev siv zog los nthuav cov tshuab hnub ci thib peb rau cov ntawv thov tshiab thiab txo cov nqi tsim khoom. Xyoo 2004, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) tau ua tiav lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo ntawm 19.9% ​​rau CIGS nyias zaj duab xis module.In 2022, hloov tau yooj yim organic nyias-film solar cells tau muab tso rau hauv cov ntaub.

Tam sim no, hloov tau yooj yim organic nyias-zaj duab xis hnub ci hlwb ua ke rau hauv fabrications ua rau lawv xaiv zoo dua li cov tsoos silicon panels.Thiab nyias-zaj duab xis tshuab ntes kwv yees li 19% ntawm tag nrho US. kev ua lag luam sib koom hauv tib lub xyoo, suav nrog 30% ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

4.Cov Hom Solar Panels

Muaj ntau ntau hom ntaub ntawv siv los tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias nyias, raws li lawv cov ntaub ntawv raw, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub yam. 

l Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Thin-Film Panels yog ib hom ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag uas siv txheej nyias ntawm cadmium telluride tso rau ntawm cov khoom siv substrate, xws li iav lossis stainless hlau, raws li cov khoom siv semiconductor. Tsis tsuas yog lub teeb yuag thiab yooj yim rau nruab, lawv kuj muaj lub zog tsim hluav taws xob hauv cov teeb pom kev qis, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob txawm nyob hauv huab cua lossis huab cua huab cua. Nws tau kwv yees tias CdTe nyias-zaj duab xis hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tau mus txog 19% kev ua haujlwm raws li Kev Ntsuas Kev Ntsuas (STC), tab sis tib lub hnub ci tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm 22.1%. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov kev txhawj xeeb txog kev toxicity ntawm cadmium, vim nws yog cov hlau hnyav uas tuaj yeem ua rau ib puag ncig puas yog tias tsis muab pov tseg kom zoo.

l Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) Thin-Film Panels yog tsim los ntawm kev tso molybdenum (Mo) electrode txheej hla lub substrate los ntawm cov txheej txheem sputtering Piv nrog rau lwm yam PV thev naus laus zis, lawv muaj kev ua haujlwm siab thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov theoretical efficiency ntawm 33% yav tom ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tsis tshua muaj kev tawg lossis tawg thiab ua haujlwm yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias cov txiaj ntsig zoo li no, tus nqi kuj tseem kim dua li lwm cov thev naus laus zis, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lawv txoj kev loj hlob ntxiv.

l Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Thin-Film Panels yog tsim los ntawm kev ua cov iav phaj los yog hloov tau yooj yim substrates, nrog rau p-i-n lossis n-i-p configuration. Qhov zoo ntawm a-Si nyias-zaj duab xis panels suav nrog lawv qhov yooj yim thiab siv lub teeb yuag, uas ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau siv hauv cov ntawv thov nqa tau yooj yim, xws li mus pw hav zoov lossis chaw taws teeb sensors. Txawm li cas los xij, txij li cov iav conductive rau cov vaj huam sib luag no kim thiab cov txheej txheem qeeb, nws tus nqi kuj tseem kim ntawm ze li $ 0.69 / W.

l Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) Thin-Film Panels muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau cov hnub ci nyias nyias ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog hais tias lawv ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo txog li 39.2% thiab tiv taus cua sov thiab noo noo ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm tsim khoom, tus nqi rau cov khoom siv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv loj hlob zoo, ua rau nws tsis tshua muaj kev xaiv.

5.Cov ntawv thov nyias-zaj duab xis hnub ci vaj huam sib luag

Raws li cov chav kawm tshiab ntawm kev hloov mus rau silicon photovoltaics, nyias zaj duab xis hnub ci vaj huam sib luag feem ntau yog siv hauv cov teb hauv qab no.

l Lub Tsev-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)

Vim tias nyias zaj duab xis PV panels tuaj yeem ncav cuag li 90% sib zog dua li cov silicon panels, ib daim ntawv thov pib ua nrov thoob ntiaj teb yog BIPV, qhov twg cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag txuas nrog lub ru tsev vuas, qhov rais, cov qauv tsis muaj zog thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv thiab,  Qee hom nyias zaj duab xis PV tuaj yeem ua ib nrab pob tshab, uas pab ua kom zoo nkauj rau cov tsev thiab cov tsev thaum tso cai rau lub hnub ci tsim hluav taws xob.

l Qhov chaw siv

Vim yog qhov zoo ntawm lub teeb yuag, ua haujlwm tau zoo, qhov kub ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntau, thiab txawm tias qhov kev puas tsuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, nyias zaj duab xis hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog CIGS thiab GaAs hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, tau ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov chaw siv.

l Kev siv tsheb thiab kev siv dej hiav txwv

Ib daim ntawv thov ntawm nyias zaj duab xis hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yog kev teeb tsa ntawm PV modules hloov tau ntawm lub tsheb ru tsev (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog RVs lossis tsheb npav) thiab cov decks ntawm cov nkoj thiab lwm cov nkoj, uas tuaj yeem siv rau hluav taws xob thaum tib lub sijhawm ua kom zoo nkauj.

l Portable daim ntawv thov

Nws qhov kev txav mus los thiab qhov loj me tau muab nws txoj kev loj hlob ruaj khov hauv kev siv hluav taws xob me me rau tus kheej thiab Is Taws Nem ntawm Yam (IoT), uas xav tias yuav loj hlob ntau xyoo tom ntej. Thiab nrog nws txoj kev nce qib, nws tuaj yeem siv ntxiv rau hauv cov chaw nyob deb nroog nrog lub hnub ci foldable solar panels, hnub ci fais fab nyiaj hauv tuam txhab nyiaj, hnub ci fais fab laptops thiab lwm yam.

6.Txoj Kev Txhim Kho ntawm Nyias-film Solar Panels

Nrog rau kev lees paub ntau ntxiv ntawm lub hnub ci zog thoob ntiaj teb, kev ua raws li cov kev txwv nruj zog thiab kev siv zog ntxiv los ntawm tsoomfwv los koom ua ke cov chaw ntsuab rau hauv daim phiaj, nyias zaj duab xis hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yuav tsum ntaus ib ncig ntawm USD 27.11 billion los ntawm 2030 nrog CAGR zoo kawg nkaus ntawm 8.29% los ntawm 2022 rau 2030 Qhov nce yog tsav los ntawm nws qhov zoo thiab R&D, vim lawv tsis tshua muaj kev lag luam thiab tsim tau yooj yim, siv cov khoom siv tsawg thiab tsim cov khib nyiab tsawg. Thiab R&D los txhim kho lub hnub ci cell endurance thiab kev ua tau zoo kuj tseem yuav tsim cov hauv kev tshiab rau kev lag luam loj hlob.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov cib fim tuaj nrog kev sib tw. Cov theem siab ntawm kev sib tw, kev hloov kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig nrog rau kev muaj nyiaj txiag tsis txaus thiab cov peev txheej txhais tau tias tam sim no lawv yuav tsis tuaj yeem coj cov khoom loj ntawm cov lag luam thoob ntiaj teb.

7 Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Lag Luam ntawm Thin-film Solar Panels

Kev ua lag luam rau nyias zaj duab xis hnub ci zoo li tsim nyob rau xyoo tas los no, uas tau tsav los ntawm ntau yam.

l Yam khoom tsom xam

Hauv xyoo 2018, CdTe tau tsim hluav taws xob ntawm tus nqi uas qis dua lossis sib npaug nrog cov pa roj fossil roj qhov chaw ntawm lub zog. Vim tias nws tsis muaj tshuaj lom, pheej yig kev lag luam thiab cov nqi tsim khoom, tam sim no cov cadmium telluride qeb tau tuav lub ntiaj teb nyias zaj duab xis hnub ci kev lag luam, thiab nws tau cia siab tias nws yuav loj hlob ntxiv ntawm tus nqi nrawm tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm kwv yees.

l End-User Analysis

Kev loj hlob thiab kev tshawb fawb kom txo qis kev teeb tsa thiab kev saib xyuas cov nqi yuav txhawb cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.In 2022, kev lag luam hluav taws xob tau tuav lub ntiaj teb cov yeeb yaj kiab solar cell lag luam, thiab nws tau kwv yees tias nws yuav txuas ntxiv txhim kho tus nqi nrawm tshaj plaws thoob plaws lub sijhawm kwv yees. . Txij li nyias-zaj duab xis hnub ci panels degrade ntawm qeeb qeeb qeeb, lawv muaj lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov tsoos c-Si solar panels.

l Kev soj ntsuam hauv cheeb tsam

Asia-Pacific yog thaj av loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb rau nyias zaj duab xis hnub ci hauv xyoo 2022, thiab nws tau cia siab tias nws yuav txuas ntxiv nthuav dav ntawm tus nqi siab tshaj plaws, uas tau tsav los ntawm ntau yam. Piv txwv li, raws li lub hnub ci PV loj tshaj plaws kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, Tuam Tshoj yuav nce lub hom phiaj rau lub zog tauj dua tshiab los ntawm 20% mus rau 35% los ntawm 2030. Thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob-teev hnub ci Photovoltaic cov chaw nyob hauv Suav teb feem ntau siv cov tshuab ua yeeb yaj kiab nyias. Ntxiv mus, Nyiv kuj tau tshaj tawm nws lub hom phiaj los siv tsuas yog lub zog ruaj khov nyob rau hauv qhov txuas ntxiv.

8 Tej yam uas yuav tsum tau xav txog rau High-quality Thin-film Solar Panels

Thaum muas lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, tsis tsuas yog tus nqi thiab qhov zoo yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab, lwm yam yuav tsum tau khaws cia hauv siab.

l Ua haujlwm zoo: Kev ua haujlwm siab tuaj yeem hloov ntau lub hnub lub zog rau hauv hluav taws xob. Feem ntau muaj cov concentration ntau dua ntawm cov cab kuj tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm lub hnub ci cell los ntawm kev ua kom cov conductivity. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm lub concentrator rau lub hnub ci cell tsis yog tsuas yog pab kom muaj kev ua tau zoo, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem txo qhov chaw, cov khoom siv, thiab cov nqi tsim nyog los tsim lub cell.

l Durability thiab lub neej ntev: Qee qhov nyias-zaj duab xis modules kuj muaj teeb meem nrog degradation nyob rau hauv ntau yam mob. Ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv, CdTe qhia qhov zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm degradation nrog kub. Thiab tsis zoo li lwm cov ntaub ntawv nyias nyias, CdTe nyiam ua kom haum rau ib puag ncig zoo li qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis hloov tau yooj yim CdTe panels tuaj yeem muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo nyob rau hauv kev siv kev ntxhov siab lossis hom kab mob.

l Luj: Nws hais txog qhov ntom ntom ntawm nyias zaj duab xis hnub ci vaj huam sib luag. Feem ntau, nyias zaj duab xis hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yog qhov hnyav yog li koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntshai ntawm kev siv qhov hnyav ntawm koj lub ru tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov hnyav tseem yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum xaiv cov khoom kom ntseeg tau tias nws yuav tsis dhau mus rau kev teeb tsa.

l Kub: Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thiab qhov kub siab tshaj plaws uas Thin Film solar vaj huam sib luag tuaj yeem ua haujlwm. Feem ntau, txhua qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyias zaj duab xis hnub ci vaj huam sib luag raug suav hais tias muaj qhov ntsuas kub tsawg kawg ntawm -40 ° C thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 80 ° C.