Ukurisayikilishwa kweebhetri zenkunkuma

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Портативті электр станциясының жеткізушісі

Ukuba kukho into ekwenza ugalele, ngaba uyenza? Mhlawumbi abantu abaninzi baya kutshintsha. Nangona kunjalo, uWang Wangqin, okhe wabethwa kuDonga oluMazantsi, akajongi ngasemva kuDonga loMzantsi. Ndaphoswa, kwaye ndandithathe ibhetri yenkunkuma, kwaye wayehambe endleleni ukuze ahlaziywe, kwaye ihambile iminyaka eyi-13.

Bendishukuma iitoni ezili-100 zeebhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo.<000000>lsquo;Emptied gun’Wang Zizhong wathi Beijing Metro Line 4 ukuba terminal, kwaye ke bulld ngaphezu kweyure. Emaphethelweni esixeko, umthetho wentatheli wempelaveki wafumana ikhaya lebhetri yenkunkuma kaWang Qixin.

Kwiminyaka emithandathu eyadlulayo, wafumana igumbi elitsha leetoni ezili-100 zeebhetri zenkunkuma. Kwaye ngaphambi koku, uWang Zicin wathatha amaxesha angaphezu kweshumi kunye nebhetri yenkunkuma eqokelelweyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukubuyiswa kwebhetri yenkunkuma kubangele ukugxila okubanzi kuluntu.

Kukho idatha yophando ebonisa ukuba ibhetri yeqhosha inokungcoliswa ngamanzi angama-600,000, kwaye ibhetri enye inokungcolisa umhlaba we-m2. Kwangaxeshanye, kukho nesandi. Okwangoku, ibhetri yenkunkuma ilahlwa kwinkunkuma yasekhaya, kwaye iyingozi kuyo.

Ngenxa yokuba kukho iingozi ezahlukeneyo kwiibhetri ezomileyo, kukho impikiswano malunga nendlela yokujongana nemiba. Ngokutsho kwabantu abavela kwi-State Environmental Protection Administration, iingxelo zangaphambili malunga neebhetri zenkunkuma azikho isiseko sesayensi, kwaye iiseli zenkunkuma akufanele zigxininise ekuhlaziyeni kwakhona. Kwaye abanye abantu bendalo bendalo bakholelwa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba ngempumelelo kumazwe aseYurophu, ugxininise ibhetri inkunkuma.

U-Wang Zicin ungomnye wabantu abakweli qela lendalo engqongileyo. Namhlanje, uthe iyibambe kakuhle itekhnoloji yokucoca ubushushu bebhetri eyomileyo, kwaye yenza ukusekwa kweetoni ezingama-2000 zezityalo zokunyanga iibhetri ezomileyo kunye nokhuselo lwazo zonke iindawo zaseBeijing. Nangona kunjalo, malunga noWang Zhixin, i-bottleneck enzima ukuyiqhekeza kukunqongophala kwemali.

Ndihlala<000000>lsquo;Emptied umpu’. Wang Zi Xin uthe. Nangona kunjalo, kudliwano-ndlebe kunye nomthetho weveki yomthetho, usagxininisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo: kunyaka ozayo, isityalo sakhe sonyango esomileyo sinokuyakha.

Ngokungafaniyo nabantu abaninzi abanobume bendalo, ngaphambili, uWang Zicin ngusomashishini wezinto zokwakha onemvelaphi yezonyango. Wayengugqirha onomsebenzi ozinzileyo kunye nemali engenayo. Iinkunzi ezintsha zisanda kufakwa ezimhlophe, kwaye wabaleka waya kugqirha okhoyo wathi: Kufuneka ndenze izihloko ze-cardiovascular and cancerous.

Ugqirha ohambayo uyancuma: Andikwazi ukuyenza iminyaka emininzi kangaka. Ukuba unomfundi omtsha ofuna? Kubonakala ngathi imbono kaWang Shengxintang Quixote iyaqala ukubila. Ngeli xesha, xa iziseko zesizwe kunye nokwakhiwa kwezindlu nomhlaba zinyuka, uWang Zixin washiya oogqirha, ukuthengisa izinto zokwakha.

Kwiminyaka esi-8, uWang Qixin wemba kwibhakethi yokuqala yoshishino. Ngowe-1998, wazala iingcinga zakhe. Kwavela ukuba uWang Zixin uhlala ebeka wena ukuba uthenge okufanayo, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba abe neprojekthi efanelekileyo yoshishino.

Ke uWang Zijin upake inkampani yomlilo ebomvu, qala ukukhangela iiprojekthi ezijikeleze. Ngowe-1999, uWang Zishin wabona kwimpapasho ukuba ibhetri eyomileyo yelizwe lam inokufunyanwa kuphela kodwa ayinakuphathwa. Ukusukela kwesi sivakalisi, wangena kwishishini lokurisayikilisha ibhetri.

Enyanisweni, ibhetri yahlulwe kwiindidi ezininzi. Ezinye iintlobo zeebhetri ezifana nebhetri, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, njl., zingasetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngamaxesha amaninzi, kungekhona nje kuphela, kodwa ezinye iibhetri eziphosakeleyo zinokulungisa.

Ekuqhubeni, njengebhetri, inani elichithiweyo ngonyaka, kodwa apho umxholo wesinyithi uphezulu, abantu abaninzi baya kuzithumela ngokuthe ngqo kumzi-mveliso ukuze zinyibilikiswe kwaye zisetyenziswe kwakhona. Kodwa unyango lweebhetri ezomileyo lube yingxaki. Ibhetri eyomileyo yokuphinda isetyenziswe ihleli kwimoto yeentaba ukusuka ngo-1996.

Kwimeko yoqwalaselo lwentlalo, imisebenzi yelizwe lam yokuhlaziya ibhetri eyomileyo ikwinqanaba eliphezulu. Kwi-2003, ukubuyiswa kwebhetri eyomileyo kuye kwawela kwintlambo ephantsi ukususela ngo-1996. Kwimeko yenkxalabo yentlalo yokungcoliseka kwebhetri eyomileyo, imisebenzi yelizwe lam yokuhlaziya ibhetri eyomileyo ikwinqanaba eliphezulu.

Ingca edumileyo, edume ngokuhlaziywa kweebhetri ezomileyo, ikwanemvula, kwaye ayinasiphelo. UTian Guirong kwisiXeko saseXinxiang, kwiPhondo laseHenan ngomnye wabo. Nangona kunjalo, uWang Zicheng waqaphela ukuba nangona uTian Guirong eqokelele iibhetri ezininzi ezomileyo, zazinokuba sekhaya kuphela.

Oku kumenza awele kumjikelo omtsha wokucamngca: Kutheni abantu abaninzi behlaziywa, kodwa ibhetri ayinakuyifumana? Ukuthobela wabamba ithuba loshishino. Ngena kwimarike yonyango lwebhetri eyomileyo, yenza umntu wokuqala ukutya oononkala. Kwangoko, uWang Zixin waqala ukubhabhisa ithala leencwadi, kwaye ukukhanya kuboleka incwadi.

Ukwatyelele ezinye iingcali kunye nabaphengululi, ngethemba lokuqonda ngokunzulu ngakumbi inkunkuma eyomileyo yebhetri. Kungekudala, wafumana isigqibo: ukulahla inkunkuma ngokungenasizathu, kungekhona nje ukubangela ungcoliseko kwindalo, kodwa kuchaphazela i-ecology yonke. Esi sigqibo sihambelana kakhulu noWang Zhixin ukwenza imali kwiimfuno zeprojekthi entsha, kodwa enentsingiselo.

Injongo kaWang Zicong kukuseka ikhonkco leshishini lokurisayikilisha lenkunkuma eyomileyo yeebhetri. Injongo yokubuyisela ibhetri ye-discourseless kukuyenza ihlaziywe. Ngo-2001, wanyusa ngaphezulu kwe-5 yezigidi zeeyuan, kwaye wakha indawo yokucoca ibhetri eyomileyo enokuphinda ihlaziywe kwi-Yi County, kwiPhondo le-Hebei.

Kwakhona wazinika isicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu sokuphatha i-30% yenkunkuma eyomileyo yebhetri kwilizwe lonke. Yonke into iqala ilula. Umzi-mveliso ukhawuleza kakhulu.

Nangona kunjalo, kudliwano-ndlebe lwamajelo eendaba, i-31% yokukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka iya kwenzeka kwinkqubo yokuvuselela ibhetri yenkunkuma, oku kuthetha ukuba imilambo yendawo ingaba yingozi. Ingxelo yeendaba ibangele uvakalelo olukhulu, kwaye isandi sokugxekwa kwesizwe siyeza. Ngenxa yongcoliseko olunokwenzeka kwimo engqongileyo yendawo, isebe leHebei lokukhuselwa kwendalo alivunywanga.

U-Wang Zixin akazange afune ukuyeka, wayefuna ukufumana indlela yonyango emanzi yesebe lokukhusela indalo ngokusebenzisa ukuphuculwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Nangona kunjalo, ekugqibeleni, iprojekthi yeWang Zhixin isabekwa. Uye wafumana iitoni ezingaphezulu kwamakhulu amabini eebhetri ezomileyo zokunyanga isamente.

Ungcoliseko olusembindini lweSebe leHebei olunokuthi lubangelwe kukucocwa kwebhetri eyomileyo akukho ngqiqweni. NgoJulayi 2002, iingcali ezigunyazisiweyo zapapasha ukuba iibhetri zenkunkuma azizange zibangele ungcoliseko ngaphandle kokuhlanjululwa kokhuseleko lweqokobhe kunye nenkunkuma enkulu. Ukurisayikilishwa okugxininisiweyo akulunganga, kulula ukubangela ungcoliseko lwemekyuri kwiindawo zendawo.

Oku kukuqinisekisa kwabasebenzi beZiko leNkunkuma eliKhuselekileyo laseBeijing (emva koku libizwa ngokuba liziko lenkunkuma eqinileyo). Uxelele umthetho womthetho ngeempelaveki, kwaye ezinye iibhetri zenkunkuma zelizwe eYurophu zasasazwa yinkunkuma ephilayo. (ilizwe lam) likwabhekiselele ekusebenzeni kwabo.

Ngokutsho kwam ndiyaqonda, iteknoloji iphuculwe, kwaye ibhetri eyomileyo ifikelele kwi-mercury low cadmium standard, kwaye xa ihlakazekile, ayikhawulelwanga kumda wokungcola kwangoku (umgangatho). Labasebenzi bathi. Ngo-2003, ukubuyisela ibhetri eyomileyo kwindawo yokuhlambela.

Kulo nyaka, umgaqo-nkqubo wothintelo nolawulo lobuchwephesha okhutshwe lisebe lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo uye wandululwa ukuba phantsi kokungabikho kwemeko esebenzayo yokuphinda isetyenziswe kwezobugcisa nezoqoqosho, akukhuthazwa ukuba kuqokelelwe iibhetri zenkunkuma ezifikelele kwi-mercury ephantsi okanye imekyuri yelizwe. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo wenza uWang Zhixin abe ngathi yintonga ekruqulayo. Kodwa emva kwenyanga, wagqiba, okanye walusebenzisa ngokutsha unyango lweebhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Nokuba i-low-mercury low cadmium nayo iya kubangela ungcoliseko oluthile, kwaye ukulahla kuya kubangela inkcitho yobutyebi. uyacinga. Enyanisweni, kwi-1997, i-Light Industry Association, iKomishoni yezoQoqosho kunye neyoRhwebo yeSizwe kunye namanye amacandelo asithoba kunye neekhomishini zikhutshwe ngokudibeneyo "Imigaqo kwi-Limited Battery Mercury", efuna iinkampani zokuvelisa ibhetri ukunciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe umxholo we-mercury yebhetri, ukufikelela kwinqanaba eliphantsi kunye ne-mercury kwi-2002.

2005 asiyo mercury. Nangona kunjalo, kukho uphando lweendaba, nangona ibhetri eveliswa yinkampani enkulu yebhetri okwangoku iphantsi kwaye i-mercury-free, kodwa ibhetri eveliswa yinkampani encinci ine-mercury phenomenon ephezulu. Abanye abahluphekileyo kakhulu, amaxesha angama-20 aphezulu kunomgangatho ophantsi webhetri yemercury, amaxesha angama-10,000 aphezulu kunomgangatho webhetri yemercury.

Ikwayintlalontle yoluntu kwixesha elizayo. Siqokelela ibhetri yenkunkuma yommandla ukuya kwindawo, elawulwa ngamavolontiya, kwaye emva koko ihanjiswe kwisityalo sonyango u-Wang Zi Xin waqala ukucamngca: ibhetri yenkunkuma ayikwazanga ukuyiqhuba, kuba izixhobo zinongcoliseko. Emva koko ndiza kufumana isixhobo esingangcoliswanga.

Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, wayila i-vacuum pyrolysis yonyango lwenkunkuma izixhobo zebhetri kwaye wafaka isicelo samalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza. Kwisicwangciso se-Wang Zixin, ibhetri eyomileyo ingatshintshwa kwifektri, kodwa oku akuthethi nje ukuba kukho igalelo likawonkewonke kwiibhetri ezomileyo, kodwa kunye nenkonzo yokuzithandela yamahhala. Nangona kunjalo, susa ngaphezu kwe-2,000 yuan, inzuzo emva kwetoni yebhetri eyomileyo yi-yuan engama-400 kuphela, kwaye ibhetri eyomileyo ayiyi kuba yipeni.

Kwixesha elizayo, siqokelela iiseli zenkunkuma zommandla ukuya kwindawo, ezilawulwa ngamavolontiya, kwaye emva koko zithuthelwe kwindawo yonyango. Kwindawo yokuphumla, ibhotwe lamavolontiya liya kunceda uWang Qixin ukuba aphinde asebenzise ibhetri yenkunkuma. UWang Zikin ushiye umbono wam jikelele ngumonde, umsindo omhle.

Xa ndibuzwa ngumthetho, andizange ndimbone u-Wang utitshala enomsindo, nokuba wenze into engalunganga, uya kundixelela ngokuthe chu. Ulumke kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha ngentsasa enye kuphela, uMnu. UWang uya kusinika isidlo sasemini.

Ibhotwe. Kule mihla, uWang Zixin uprinte kwisihloko soxanduva lwenkampani yentlalontle kwikhadi leshishini. Ungumphathi weBeijing Donghua Xinxin Dry Battery Recycling Centre, kwaye ikwaxutyiwe.

Inkampani yonke inomntu omnye kuphela. UWang Zixin ubonakala ngathi akukho uzinzo ngaphandle kokwenza imali. Yintoni intlalontle yoluntu? Ngaba yintlalontle yoluntu? Wang Zhanxin hook, ukuba akukho ukusinda, njani ukwenza intlalontle yoluntu? Ngoku, izixhobo zokucoca ubushushu bevacuum eyadini zilahlwe ngokupheleleyo.

Kuthatha ukucutshungulwa okuncinci, iikhilogram ezilishumi kuphela, imveliso yobuninzi kufuneka yandiswe, emva koko isetyenziswe. Wang Zicin wachaza. Kusabolekwa ukuba i-80,000 yuan yokwenza izixhobo zisaboleka.

Ngoku, uWang Zicin unendawo engenanto epokothweni. UWang Zicin uxelele umthetho womthetho kwintatheli yempelaveki, kwaye kukho inkampani eyayinenkampani, izimisele ukuthenga i-1 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika ukuthenga esi sixhobo. Kodwa kwingxoxo, wafunda ukuba le nkampani ifuna imveliso eninzi kwaye emva koko ithengise.

Inkunkuma eyomileyo yebhetri emhlabeni ininzi, nokuba ezinye iinkampani zithengile, inzuzo yetoni ye-yuan ye-400 ingayigcina? UWang Zixin uthe nangona enentliziyo, akazange avume. Okwangoku, u-Wang Zixin usanda kuqalisa ukusekwa kwenkonzo yokubuyisela ibhetri yegosa, enethemba lokuseka inethiwekhi yokuphinda isetyenziswe e-Beijing. Ibhokisi encinci yokubuyisela ibhetri yenkunkuma yi-200 yuan, i-yuan engama-40 iya kuqokelelwa njengenkunzi yokuqokelela isityalo sakhe sokunyanga ibhetri eyomileyo.

Ngoku, ngaphezu kwama-300 imigqomo yokurisayikilisha ekhoyo ekuhlaleni. Luluntu olukwiSithili saseFengtai kunye neYibei, eBeijing. U-Liu Wei, umlawuli weKomiti yoBumelwane baseYibei, uthe izakhiwo ze-128 ekuhlaleni zifakwe kwiibhokisi ezingaphezu kwama-50 zokuphinda zisetyenziswe.

Ndisandul’ ukuchacha kanye kwinyanga ephelileyo. U-Liu Wei uthe kwintatheli yempelaveki esemthethweni. Kwingcinga kaLiu Wei, uWang Zixin wayenengxaki, ephethe ibhayisekile enamavili amathathu, okanye isiqingatha-esitsha sebhayisekile, weza kuluntu ngeentsuku ezininzi.

U-Master Wang, hayi, nguMphathi uWang. U-Liu Wei wancuma njengoncumo, emva koko wathi, ungayilawula njani ibhayisekile? Le projekthi yithemba lam lonke, kulo nyaka uceba ukukhuthaza abazingeli be-10,000 abamkeli abancinci, ukuze abantu balungele ukuthatha inxaxheba.

U-Wang Zixin ujonge phambili ekuqhubeni abantu abaninzi ngothando, ukusombulula ingxaki yokuphinda kusetyenziswe ibhetri eyomileyo. Zisekho iibhokisi ezininzi ezishiyiweyo zokubuyisela iibhetri ekusetyenzisweni ngokutsha kweebhetri zenkunkuma. U-Wang Zicin uzimisele ukubathatha, kodwa ukunyuswa kwebhokisi encinci yabamkeli akulula.

U-Liu Wei efunyenwe kumsebenzi wopapasho, abahlali abaninzi bavakalelwa kukuba ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iibhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo akunantsingiselo, kwaye ilizwe kudala lipapasha<000000>lsquo;I-mercury ephantsi ye-cadmium ephantsi’Kwi. Kodwa eluntwini, kusekho iinkampani ezininzi zokurisayikilisha ukusungula imisebenzi yokuphinda isetyenziswe ebhetri. U-Wang Zi Xin uthe ngomnwe wakhe ukuxelela umthetho womthetho kwintatheli yempelaveki, inkampani yokubuyisela kwakhona kwiSithili saseHaidian, eBeijing, ithembise isikolo kunye noluntu ekuqaleni komcimbi, ukuhlaziya ibhetri eyomileyo kwikona.

Nangona kunjalo, emva kwexesha lemisebenzi yokuhlaziya inkunkuma, ayisasebenzi kwakhona okwethutyana. Kukho inkampani yentengiso eBeijing, eqala kwisixeko, isikolo, iyunithi, njl., kwisixeko, isikolo, iyunithi, njl.

, isetyenziselwa upapasho lwentengiso, kodwa iprojekthi iya kuyeka emva kowama-2008. Iinkokeli zekomiti yendawo yokuhlala zixelele uWang Zixin: Aba bamkeli baye bahlaziywa kube kanye, kwaye akusayi kubakho mntu kwakhona. Ngoku ibhokisi igcwele, asikwazi kufumana iyunithi yokurisayikilisha.

Ngoku, kusekho iibhokisi ezininzi ezishiyiweyo zokubuyisela ibhetri kuluntu lwaseBeijing. UWang Zhengxin ujonge ukubathatha omnye emva komnye. Xa kuthelekiswa neshishini lezigidi zabarhwebi kunyaka omnye, iWang Qixin yangoku iwa kakhulu.

Nyanga zonke, kufuneka uthembele kwimali yomfazi engaphezu kwama-4,000 yomvuzo. Kodwa akafuni ukuba umfazi nonyana wakhe babuze iibhetri. Ndiyoyika ukuba abavumi, sineendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuhlaziya ibhetri, akanqabi ukusebenzisana, kodwa ngokuzimisela. Unethemba, ukuseka imodeli yolawulo lwentlalo yenkunkuma eyomileyo yebhetri ngokwefilosofi yayo kunye nendlela. Amazwe aseYurophu afana neSweden, iJamani, ayingomalungiselelo omthetho kuphela, kodwa anenkqubo evuthiweyo yokurisayikilisha.

Urhulumente akafanelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, u-Wang Zicin ukholelwa ukuba kwimeko yangoku, ukuba ilizwe lam likwalandela amanye amazwe ukufumana uhlaziyo lwenkxaso yebhetri yenkunkuma, kunokubangela isiphithiphithi semarike. Umfelandawonye wakhe uLiu Wei kunye noXiaogong banethemba lokuba amandla karhulumente angathatha inxaxheba kuyo ngokukhawuleza.

Abasebenzi beziko lenkunkuma eqinileyo baxelela umthetho womthetho wentatheli yempelaveki, phantsi kwemida yobugcisa bangaphambili, iibhetri ezomileyo ezisetyenziswa kubahlali ziye zaphathwa njengenkunkuma eqhelekileyo yasekhaya. Kungenjalo, kulula ukubangela ungcoliseko. Ukuba abahlali banomthamo omkhulu weebhetri zenkunkuma, ezinje ngeekhilogram ezininzi, kuya kubakho iQela loGutyulo (iBeijing Environmental Health Engineering Group Co.

, Ltd.) ukufumana. Abasebenzi baziswa.

Uthe akayiqondi indlela yokujongana neQela lezoGutyulo emva kokuhlaziya ibhetri yenkunkuma. Ukongeza, abasebenzi beziko lenkunkuma eqinileyo bathe ngakumbi malunga nomthetho kwintatheli yempelaveki ngaphezulu kwesihlandlo esinye, okwangoku ephethe iibhetri ezomileyo kwezobuchwephesha, abanakukwazi ukuphelisa iingozi zongcoliseko, kwaye iindleko ziyanyamalala ngakumbi. Kuhlala kungenakwenzeka ukuchitha iidola ezintlanu ukuyiphatha.

U-Wang Zixin uthe kukho igosa leSebe lokuKhuselwa kokusiNgqongileyo laseBeijing ukuba lizinikele kuye: Logama nje isityalo sakho sokulungisa sakhiwe, siya kukunika ukukhuthazwa. Kodwa uWang Zixin eneneni akacacanga, uya kwakhiwa nini kwindawo efanelekileyo yonyango. Nokuba kumbono wesizwe, akukho matshini wokwenene wokucoca ibhetri.

Xa umthetho womthetho weveki intatheli udliwano-ndlebe ne-Fengtai District Environmental Protection Bureau kunye neziko lenkunkuma eqinileyo, bobabini abasebenzi beqela bathi abayiqondi i-Wang Zhixin, kwaye abayiqondi i-Waste Battery Treatment of Wang. Ukuthetha ngomnqweno omkhulu ngoku, uWang Zixin uphose ibhokisi yokubuyisela ibhetri yenkunkuma engekude. Ukuba kulo nyaka, inokongeza i-100,000 (iibhokisi zokurisayikilisha).

Uthe. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukwasebenza ngokukhethekileyo ekuthengeni isipho. Ndisebenza kwiibhetri zenkunkuma yelizwe lam, utshilo lo somashishini.

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