Ingaba iibhetri ze-lithium zemoto zombane zigcina njani? Hlalutya isithuthi sombane ingxaki yebhetri ye-lithium

Umbhali :Iflowpower-Umboneleli weSikhululo saMandla esiphathwayo

Ibhetri ye-lithium yemoto yombane yindlela ebalulekileyo yezithuthi zombane kwiintsapho kunye neendawo ezifanayo, njengomthombo wabo wamandla, iibhetri ezahlukeneyo. Ngokutsho kokuhlelwa kwezinto zebhetri: ibhetri ye-lead-asidi, ibhetri ye-lithium ion, njl. Ngokutsho kwesicelo, kubalulekile ukuhlula: ibhetri yemoto yombane yasekhaya i-lithium ibhetri, isiganeko esikhethekileyo sombane wamandla e-lithium ibhetri.

Okwangoku, abantu banxibelelana imihla ngemihla, izithuthi zombane ezisetyenziswayo ziphantse zibe ngamabhayisekile ombane. Ke ngoko, ngokuqhelekileyo, udla ngokubhekisa kumandla ebhayisekile yebhayisekile ye-lithium ibhetri njengebhetri yemoto yombane, leyo ingamandla emoto yombane i-lithium ibhetri ngokubanzi ngomqondo jikelele. Ibhetri ye-lithium yemoto yombane okwangoku ineendidi ezimbini eziphambili zeebhetri ze-lead-acid, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion.

Kwilizwe lam, iibhetri ze-lead-asidi zezemveliso yolawulo lwelayisensi yokuvelisa, kufuneka zifumane imvume yamasebe afanelekileyo anokuveliswa, kwaye imveliso kufuneka ibhalwe kunye ne-QS uphawu. Ibhetri ye-lead-acid ngumthombo wamandla wesithuthi sombane. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwe-20 kwizithuthi zombane.

Itekhnoloji yemveliso ivuthiwe, kwaye izinga lesicelo lingaphezulu kwama-98%. Ibhetri ye-lead-asidi esetyenziswa kwibhayisekile yombane ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe yi-monomer yebhetri enenani leevoltages eziyi-12V. I-voltage ye-pack yebhetri edibeneyo yi-36V, i-48V, kwaye umthamo awukho ngaphezu kwe-20ah.

Ukusetyenziswa kwebhetri ye-lithium ion kwiimoto zombane zingaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-10, kwaye ibhetri ye-lithium-ion isetyenziswe njengemveliso entsha yamandla, ubugcisa abuzange bube bugqibeleleyo, kwaye ukusebenza kokhuseleko kufuneka kuphuculwe. Uluhlu lwesicelo lwangoku luncinci. I-lithium ion ibhetri ye-monomer impahla yeebhayisikile zombane ibalulekile njenge-lithium manganate, i-lithium iron phosphate, izinto ezintathu-dimensional, i-casing yangaphandle ibalulekile ngendlela ye-shell shell okanye i-aluminium bag, imilo ibalulekile, i-square hard shell, i-Cylindrical.

Ukubaluleka kokuveliswa kwebhetri ye-lead-asidi kwilizwe lam eZhejiang, Jiangsu, Hebei, Guangdong, Hubei, Shandong, kunye nemveliso yebhetri ye-lead-acid kule akhawunti ngaphezu kwe-90% yelizwe. Phambi kuka-2011, ngaphezulu kwe-1,200 yeenkampani zafumana ilayisensi yokuvelisa ibhetri ye-lead-acid, emva kokulungiswa kokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo ukusukela ngo-2011, malunga neenkampani zemveliso eziqhelekileyo ezingama-300. Emva kweminyaka yophuhliso, ilizwe lam ngokusisiseko lenze isiseko semveliso ye-lead-acid yombane wesithuthi samandla e-lithium ibhetri ikakhulu esekwe kumacandelo amabini eJiangsu, eZhejiang.

Okwangoku, kuphela i-Tianneng, i-Zhejiang Changxing, kunye neenkampani ezimbini ezinkulu ze-Super Wei ezithathe ngaphezu kwe-70% yemveliso yesizwe yeebhetri ezinjalo. Imveliso yebhetri yelithium-ion yelizwe lam ithatha ngaphezulu kwe-30% yehlabathi, kwaye ibonisa indlela entsha unyaka nonyaka. Ngo-2011, imveliso yebhetri yelithium-ion yelizwe lam yayimalunga neebhiliyoni ezi-3.

I-lithium yasekhaya yombane wemoto yamandla e-lithium ibhetri imboni ibalulekile kwi-Pearl River Delta, i-Yangtze River Delta kunye nommandla we-Bohai Rim, kwaye kukho ukusabalalisa okuncinci e-Henan, e-Fujian, nase-Harbin. Ibhayisekile yombane i-lithium-ion ibhetri umenzi obalulekileyo uneSuzhou Xingheng, iBick, iTianjin Lifan, i-ATL yamandla amatsha, i-BYD, iHarbin Guangyu, njl.n zintsha, kwaye umgangatho uhlala uphucuka.

Xa kuthelekiswa nophuhliso loshishino lwebhetri lwangaphandle, China kwakhona uhlobo ibhetri entsha lead-asidi ibhetri iibhayisekile zombane, leyo ilungele ukuhamba kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenkitha ebanzi yabantu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ilizwe lam amandla isithuthi sombane lithium. Ishishini lebhetri lisafuna ukuphuculwa ngakumbi kwaye liphuhliswe. Ugxininiso lwemizi-mveliso yebhetri luphantsi. Kwilizwe lam, inkampani yokuvelisa ibhetri ye-lithium yemoto yombane ifikelele kumawaka.

Nangona inkampani yemveliso inamakhulu aliqela okugushuza, ngakumbi ukulungiswa kokusingqongileyo, njl. njl. Xa kuthelekiswa noshishino lwebhetri oluxinanisiweyo kumazwe angaphandle, iinkampani zebhetri zelizwe lam zikhulu kakhulu, zisekwimeko esasazekileyo, kwaye azikwazi ukufikelela kumlinganiselo webhetri yangaphandle. iinkampani, kunye nogxininiso lwemizi-mveliso kufuneka luphuculwe. Izixhobo zobugcisa eziphambili zenziwa ngabantu, izinto eziphambili ezixhomekeke ekungeneni.

Ngokwamandla eebhetri zelithium zesithuthi, inani lamalungelo awodwa abenzi bobuchwephesha belizwe lam lincinci kakhulu. Uninzi lweetekhnoloji eziphambili zilawulwa yiJapan. Ukuba isahluli sebhetri ye-lithium ion singeniswa ngaphandle, iteknoloji yamandla e-lithium ibhetri diaphragm iveliswa.

Kwaye izixhobo zidweliswe kuluhlu lwezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwilizwe lam. I-lithium yasekhaya ibhetri yombane yemoto ye-lithium ibhetri yenkampani yokuvelisa ubukhulu becala ixhomekeke kwinkampani yokuvelisa izinto eziphambili zangaphandle, iteknoloji yebhetri iphula ngokubanzi isiseko sezinto ezintsha: njengomthombo wamandla wesithuthi sombane, amandla emoto yombane i-lithium ibhetri yokuqala Ukudibana neemfuno zokusebenza kwabathengi kwiimveliso, ngexesha elifanayo, malunga ne-lithium yombane wemoto yamandla e-lithium ibhetri. Imigangatho ebalulekileyo ebandakanya amandla emoto yombane i-lithium ibhetri yekhwalithi kunye nokhuseleko ibandakanya: I-GB / T22199-2008 "Amandla ombane oMbane weMoto etywinwe iBattery ye-Acid Acid", GB / T7403.

I-1-2008 "Iimeko zobuGcisa" Icandelo: Iimeko zobuGcisa , GB / T18332.1-2009 "ibhetri ye-lead-acid yezithuthi zendlela yombane", QB / T2947.1-2008 "Ibhetri yebhayisikile yombane kunye netshaja Icandelo 1: itywinwe i-lead-acid ibhetri kunye netshaja", njl.

Imiba eqhelekileyo ebalulekileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uLawulo loMgangatho weSizwe woLawulo loMgangatho, ukuHlolwa kunye nokuQinisekiswa koMgangatho uqalise inani lolawulo lwesizwe kunye nokuhlolwa kwendawo kwimveliso yebhetri yemoto yombane ye-lithium. Imiba ebalulekileyo efunyenwe kwitshekhi yendawo yile: 1. Umthamo womthamo ngumsebenzi ophambili webhetri, kwaye kungcono ukubonisa Olona setyenziso lwebhetri.

Umthamo uhlukaniswe kwi-2 h umthamo wezinga kunye nomthamo ophantsi wokushisa we-15 ¡ã C, ubungakanani bomthamo we-2H, uhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nobude obusondeleyo kumgama oqhelekileyo wokuqhuba isithuthi sombane, kunye nomthamo ophantsi wokushisa. ibonisa ukusebenza kwebhetri kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi. Isizathu sesizathu esingafanelekanga kukuba ezinye iinkampani azikabikho kwindawo yokulawula umgangatho. Umgangatho womgangatho wemveliso awunazo iindlela zokulawula ezingqongqo.

Abasebenzi kunye neenkqubo zemveliso azinalawulo olusebenzayo, okanye ezinye iinkampani zinciphisa iindleko zokuya ecaleni ukuze zilandele inzuzo ephezulu. Okanye kukhuphiswano oluphantsi lwexabiso eliphantsi, kukho umenzi okanye umthengisi ukwenzela ukongeza inzuzo, ukugqithisa ngamabomu okanye ukuwa kwebhetri amandla, ukwenzela ukuba inzuzo entsha, ukugqithisa ngamabomu okanye ubuxoki bebhetri umthamo, kunye nexabiso elincinci lebhetri. Oku kokugqibela kulahlekisa okanye kukukhohlisa ngabom ukuziphatha kwabathengi, ukuphazamisa ulungelelwaniso lwemarike yebhetri.

2. Ukuchasa ukwamnkela ukutshaja amandla okwamkela ukutshaja kuthetha ukuba ibhetri inokutshajwa ikwimeko ethile. Kumphezulu, kubonisa ukuba ukutshaja ngokufanelekileyo kwebhetri kunxulumene kakhulu nezithintelo zengxubevange yezithako, izinto zokuncamathelisa ilothe, izongezo, ii-electrolyte kunye namalungu ebhetri kunye nomgangatho webhetri.

Ngandlela ithile, ukutshaja umthamo wokwamkela ukwamkeleka kukwachaphazela umthamo webhetri kunye nobomi bomjikelezo. 3. Ukukhutshwa ngaphezulu kokukhupha kuthetha ukuba ibhetri ifikelela kwixabiso lokuphela kombane wokukhupha ibhetri, kwaye iyaqhubeka nokuphuma.

Ngeli xesha, ukuxinwa kwe-electrolyte kuncinci kakhulu, ukugxininiswa kweenkokeli zeeseli ezenzeka kwi-chemical reaction ziya kuba zikhulu ngakumbi, i-Crystallization yenza iinqununu ezinkulu, oko kukuthi ukwenza i-sulfate.

Le crystal conductivity ihlwempuzekile, umthamo mkhulu, kwaye i-micropores yeplate inokuthintela i-pores yeplate. Ithintela ukuguqulwa kokuguqulwa kwamandla ombane kunye namandla ekhemikhali, okanye i-electrode grid deformation, izinto ezisebenzayo ziwa, kunye nebhetri enye isiphaluka esifutshane. Ngaphezu koko, ibhetri yovavanyo lokukhutshwa lunokubangelwa, kwaye amandla okubuyisela ukutshaja abi kakhulu, kwaye ibhetri yonakaliswe kakhulu, kwaye ayikwazi ukuyilungisa.

Ekusetyenzisweni kwemihla ngemihla yezithuthi zombane, abathengi bahlala beqhubeka behamba ixesha elithile ngenxa yezithuthi zombane ezingonelanga, kunokuba ngexesha, ukwenzela ukuba ibhetri ikwimeko yokukhutshwa ngokugqithiseleyo, imikhwa enjalo yokusetyenziswa iyingozi kakhulu kwibhetri. . Enkulu, iya kuchaphazela ubomi bebhetri. Iingcebiso zoku-1 zokuthenga nokuSebenzisa.

Nokuba ilogo yemveliso ibandakanywe ngokupheleleyo kwigama lomenzi, imodeli yemveliso okanye iinkcukacha, umhla wokwenziwa, uphawu lokuthengisa, ukuchongwa kwelayisensi yokuvelisa kunye nenombolo; Zama ukukhetha imveliso yomhla wemveliso kunye nomhla wokuthenga. Ukuba mkhulu umthamo webhetri, ixesha lokukhupha ibhetri ixesha elide, musa ukuthenga ibhetri-free, ezifana ubuninzi umthamo oboniswe ngumzimba webhetri, unokuqhagamshelana nesebe elifanelekileyo ukudibana, lumka ubungakanani bomgangatho wenyani. kwaye ukhohlisiwe. Jonga ukuba umzimba webhetri kunye nophawu lokupakisha lwangaphandle luyahambelana na.

Xa uthenga ibhetri uwedwa, kufuneka ucele i-invoyisi eqhelekileyo ukugcina amalungelo akho asemthethweni kunye nomdla ngexesha leengxabano. 2. Inkangeleko yebhetri jonga ukuba kukho uguquko, iintanda, imikrwelo, kunye nokuvuza kweempawu.

Itheminali yebhetri kufuneka icoceke, kungabikho mhlwa, uphawu kufuneka lucace. 3. Xa uphuhlisa ukusetyenziswa kakuhle, xa imoto yombane iqala kwaye iphakamisa ithambeka, kungcono ukusebenzisa indima yomntu ukuqalisa, isithuthi sombane siqala, umoya uya kunceda umoya, umoya, umoya, ukunciphisa umthwalo webhetri, ukwandisa ubomi bayo; kwaye ekwehleni, imoto yombane inokukhutshwa.

Xa umbane unganelanga, kufuneka ukhwele ngesantya esisezantsi, ungaqhubeki nokuhamba kwindawo engaphantsi kombane. Ukugqithiswa kwesithuthi sombane kuya kubangela ukuba ibhetri ixesha elide likhuphe, ngaloo ndlela lonakalise ibhetri, esinye sezizathu eziphambili zobomi bebhetri. 4.

Lawula indlela yokutshaja echanekileyo Ibhetri ikhethwa phakathi kwe-0-40 ¡ã C, ukutshaja kukhethwa ukuba kwenziwe kumaqondo obushushu begumbi, ngakumbi ixesha lokubanda. Nika ingqalelo kwisimo sokutshaja setshaja kunye nexesha eliqhelekileyo lokutshaja, ukuthintela ibhetri ukuba ihlawulwe okanye itshajiswe ngaphezulu, kwaye ufumane ukutshaja okungaqhelekanga, kufuneka sidibane nochwepheshe kwangethuba ukuphepha ukonakala kwebhetri. Ukutshaja kwangethuba emva kokusetyenziswa ngakunye, ishelufu yexesha elide ayifumaneki, ukutshaja ibhetri rhoqo.

5. Sebenzisa itshaja enebhetri ukusebenzisa itshaja yebhetri ngebhetri yemoto yombane. Itshaja efanelekileyo inokulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo ibhetri ngokweempawu zebhetri, okuluncedo ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri.

Ngokumalunga nebhetri ye-lithium ion yesithuthi sombane, kufuneka usebenzise itshaja exhasa umenzi; xa ipakethe yebhetri ifakwe enye, itshaja kufuneka itshintshwe kwangaxeshanye. 6. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kwebhetri yokutshintshwa kwebhetri Emva kwexesha elide, ukuba ibhetri iphantsi, ngakumbi xa ibhetri ihlawuliswa, kufuneka idingeke ukuba ibone abasebenzi bokugcinwa kweengcali, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukutshintsha ibhetri, ukutshintsha ibhetri, kufuneka. zitshintshwe ngaxeshanye.

Imodeli, iibhetri ezintsha nezindala ezingahambelaniyo azikwazi ukusetyenziswa kuthotho okanye ukusetyenziswa ngaxeshanye, abavelisi abahlukeneyo ibhetri ayinakuxutywa. 7. Nika ingqalelo kwingcaciso yokuhlolwa komgangatho wemveliso epapashwe ngamasebe afanelekileyo, abathengi banokuhlala benikela ingqalelo kwingcaciso yomgangatho wemveliso epapashwe ngumgangatho wemveliso, ngokusebenzisa imithombo yolwazi eyahlukeneyo, ukuqonda ukuthengwa kwebhetri, ukusetyenziswa kunye nolwazi lokugcinwa.

8. Ukurisayikilishwa okufanelekileyo kweeoksidi kusetyenziswa ilothe kunye nelothe kuya kubangela ukungcoliseka kwendalo, kubeka emngciphekweni impilo yenkqubo yemithambo-luvo yomntu, inkqubo yokwetyisa, inkqubo yehematopoietic, izintso, njl.njl.; ibhetri ye-lithium-ion iqulethe into enetyhefu efana ne-lithium hexafluorophosphate, eya kubangela ukusingqongileyo kunye ne-ecosystems Ungcoliseko, i-cobalt, i-manganese, ubhedu kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezinzima nazo ziya kwenzakala ngekhonkco lebhayoloji ngekhonkco lebhayoloji ngokuqokelela ukusetyenziswa.

Ke ngoko, i-lead-acid eshiyiweyo, i-lithium ion yesithuthi sombane ibhetri ye-lithium ayikwazi ukupakishwa ngaphandle kwesizathu, ilahlwe okanye ichithwe, kufuneka ingeniswe kwinkampani yokuvelisa okanye kwiziko elikhethekileyo lokurisayikilishwa ukuze isetyenziswe kwakhona.