Ramangwana riri pamusoro, iyo lithium ion bhatiri inoshandura sei ramangwana

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - د پورټ ایبل بریښنا سټیشن عرضه کونکی

Mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura, mota dzemagetsi dzichawana kukura kwakakura. Zvinoenderana nekufungidzira kweIEA, panosvika 2030, vimbiso yemotokari yemagetsi yepasi rose ichakwira kubva pamamirioni 3.7 muna 2017 kusvika pamamiriyoni zana nemakumi matatu, uye huwandu hwekutengesa hwepagore huchasvika pa2.

1.5 miriyoni. Muchiitiko ichi, gore negore hutsva hwebhatiri huchakwira kubva pa68 GW W11 muna 2017 kusvika ku775 GW, iyo 84% ichashandiswa mumotokari dzakareruka.

nyika yangu, EU, India, US Demand yakaverengera 50%, 18%, 12%, uye 7% zvichiteerana. Kwemakumi maviri emakore apfuura, nehukuru hukuru hwechiyero chekugadzira, lithium-ion bhatiri tekinoroji yebhatiri yemotokari huru yemagetsi yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya, mutengo wakaderera zvakanyanya, kuitira kuti mutengo wekuita kwemotokari dzemagetsi utange nemotokari yemafuta. Key Drive Factors Kubva 1990, iyo lithium-ion bhatiri yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumagetsi evatengi, kuchengetedza kwesimba (mumba, zvishandiso), uye magetsi emagetsi indasitiri.

Nehukuru hwechiyero chekugadzira, kuita kwayo kwakavandudzika zvakanyanya, mutengo wakaderera zvakanyanya. Future. Chemical zvinhu.

Kuita kwebhatiri kunokanganiswa nezvinhu zvepolarization. Iyo cathode zvinhu zvakasimba kusanganisira lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC), lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide (NCA), lithium manganese oxide (LMO) uye lithium iron phosphate (LFP); zvizhinji zveanode zvinhu zvinoshandisa graphite, motokari dzinorema mumotokari inorema Circulating life, lithium titanate (LTO). NMC uye NCA tekinoroji ndeyekuti simba density yakakwira, inotonga mwenje bhatiri musika; iyo simba density yeLFP yakaderera, asi yakabatsirwa kubva kune yakakwirira kutenderera hupenyu uye kuchengetedzwa kwekuita, chishuwo chekushandisa neanorema emagetsi mota (kureva vafambi mota) Chemical zvinhu.

Kemikari zvinhu zvine simba rakakura pamitengo yebhatiri, uchishandisa akasiyana makemikari zvinhu, uye mutengo wavo gap unogona kusvika 20%. Battery simba uye saizi. Motokari yemagetsi bhatiri huwandu hwakasiyana kwazvo, huwandu hwebhatiri hwemotokari nhatu dzemagetsi munyika yangu ndeye gumi nemasere.

3 ~ 23 kWh; Europe neNorth America yepakati nepakati bhatiri remota inosvika 23 ~ 60 kWh; mota hombe bhatiri huwandu pa75 ~ 100 kWh. Kuwanda kwebhatiri, ndiko kuderera kwemutengo. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti 70 kW chine bhatiri unit simba mutengo i25% yakaderera pane 30 kW.

Machining scale. Zhang Da kugadzirisa chiyero kuti uone hupfumi hwenyika chimwe chinhu chakakosha. Parizvino, yakajairika yekugadzira mhando inenge 0.

5 ~ 8 JW / gore, zvizhinji zvekubuda zvinenge 3 GW / gore. Zvinoenderana neyakajairwa kugona kwe20 ~ 75 kWh, mota yemagetsi imwechete inoverengerwa, uye kubuda kwechirimwa chimwe kwakaenzana nekugadzira 6000-400,000 bhatiri packs pagore. Parizvino, Germany, United States, nyika yangu, India nedzimwe nzvimbo dzichangobva kuvakwa batch yekugadzira yakakura mabheti mafekitori, kusanganisira Super Factory apo Tesla gore rinosvika 35 GW.

Kuchaja kumhanya. Iyo tekinoroji yazvino inogona kuchaja 80% mu40 ~ 60 maminetsi. Chikumbiro ichi chakawedzera kuoma kwekugadzirwa kwebhatiri, sekuderedza kukora kwe electrode, iyo inowedzera mari yebhatiri; kuderedza kuwanda kwesimba rebhatiri, nekudaro kupfupisa hupenyu hwebhatiri.

Chirevo chekuora cheDhipatimendi reMagetsi reUS chakashandura dhizaini yebhatiri kuti igare 400 kilowatts yekuchaja ichawedzera mutengo webhatiri. Maitiro makuru ekuchinja kwezvinhu achave akavakirwa pakuparara kweIEA, uye lithium-ion bhatiri icharamba ichitonga mukati memakore makumi maviri, asi makemikari ayo anochinja zvishoma nezvishoma. Pamberi pa2025, chizvarwa chitsva che lithium ion mabhatiri ane yakaderera cobalt, yakakwira simba density uye cathode lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) 811, nezvimwe.

ichapinda mukugadzirwa kwehuwandu. Mune graphite anode, shoma shoma yesilicon inowedzerwa, uye simba resimba rinogona kuwedzerwa ne50%, nepo munyu we electrolyte unogona kumira pamusoro pemagetsi uchabatsirawo kuvandudza kushanda. Munguva ye2025 kusvika 2030, lithium simbi inonzi cathode, graphite / silicon composite zvinhu zveanode, lithium ion bhatiri, inogona kupinda muchikamu chekugadzira, uye inogona kuunza ma electrolyte akasimba kuti awedzere kuwedzera simba uye kuchengetedzwa kwebhatiri.

Uye zvakare, lithium ion tekinoroji inogona kutsiviwa nemamwe masimba emagetsi uye yakaderera mitengo yetioretical ine lithium air, lithium sulfur, nezvimwe. Nekudaro, danho rekuvandudza tekinoroji ichiri kuderera, uye kuita chaiko kuchiri kuongororwa. Chinyorwa chakaburitswa paNature Journal yaChikunguru 26, 2018, chinyorwa chakanzi "TenyearsleftToredesignlithium-Ionbatteries" chakaratidza kuti shanduko yelithium-ion bhatiri kuita uye mutengo unoiswa zvishoma.

Iyo yakasimba saka yakakonzera dambudziko riri pamusoro apa rinosanganisira: mu crystal structure ye electrode material, mari yekubhadhara inogona kuchengetwa inokurumidza kusvika kune theoretical maximum; kukwira mumusika kwakaoma kuramba uchiunza kuderedzwa kukuru kwemutengo. Zvakatoipa, zvinhu zve electrode, senge cobalt uye nickel, ishoma, uye mutengo unodhura. Kana pasina shanduko itsva, inotarisirwa kuva muna 2030 ~ 2037 (kana kuti mberi), cobalt uye nickel inoda.

Kuwedzera goho. Nekune rimwe divi, zvitsva zvemagetsi zvemagetsi, zvakaita sesimbi, mhangura, mhangura, zvichiri mudanho rekutanga rekutsvagisa. Chinyorwa chinodaidzira masayendisiti ezvekushandisa, mainjiniya uye masangano emari kuti awedzere kutsvagisa pazvinhu zve electrode zvakavakirwa pasimbi, mhangura uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sematura.

Zvikasadaro, kukura kwakakura kwemotokari dzemagetsi kucharambidzwa. Economic 掂 影响 因 因 因:::: 程: 程: 里 行 里 里 里 里 (程 (里 里 行 里 (里 里, 里 行 里里,. Panyaya yemitengo yebhatiri, kune bhatiri rine 70-35 kWh / gore, simba rebhatiri riri 70 ~ 80 kWh / gore, uye mutengo webhatiri huwandu 70 ~ 80 kWh, uye mutengo we2030 unogona kuderedzwa kusvika 100 ~ 122 US madhora / kWh, ine iyo nyika 3 kW / 9 kW / 9 kW (6 kW) mutengo wemutengo weJapan ($ 92 / kW) uri padyo.

Kusiyana pakati pemutengo wemotokari dzemagetsi uye zvitima zvemafuta zvichaderera zvishoma nezvishoma, asi mutengo webhatiri nepeturu unodarika saizi yemuviri. Semuenzaniso, mutengo webhatiri wakaenzana ne $ 400 / kWh, mota dzemagetsi dzinokwikwidza zvakanyanya, uye mota dzemafuta dzichava nehupfumi. Kana mutengo wemabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi wakaderera, peturu ine mutengo wakakwirira, uye mileage yezuva nezuva yakakwirira, sarudza motokari duku yemagetsi kana plug-in hybrid car pane zviduku zvemafuta zvakanyanya hupfumi.

Semuenzaniso, mutengo webhatiri i $ 120 / kWh, mutengo wepeturu wakakwira kupfuura nhasi, ipapo mota yemagetsi yakachena ichava sarudzo ine hupfumi zvisinei nekufamba kwenguva refu. Kana mutengo webhatiri wakaenzana ne $ 260 / kWh, mileage inopfuura 35,000 makiromita / gore, mutengo wemafuta unosvika $ 1.5 / litre, isarudzo ine hupfumi.

Kune mabhazi makuru emagetsi, kana mutengo webhatiri uri pasi pe260 US madhora / kWh, bhazi remagetsi kubva ku4 kusvika ku50,000 makiromita / gore inodhura inokwikwidza munharaunda ine yakakwirira dhiziri mutero system.