ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana ma luna, pehea e hoʻololi ai nā pākahi lithium ion i ka wā e hiki mai ana?

ଲେଖକ: ଆଇଫ୍ଲୋପାୱାର - Pembekal Stesen Janakuasa Mudah Alih

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, e loaʻa i nā kaʻa uila ka hoʻomohala nui. Wahi a ka wanana IEA, ma 2030, e piʻi aʻe ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka kaʻa uila honua mai 3.7 miliona i 2017 a i 130 miliona, a e piʻi ka nui o ke kūʻai makahiki i 2.

1.5 miliona. Ma kēia hiʻohiʻona, e piʻi aʻe ka mana pākaukau hou makahiki mai ka 68 GW W11 i 2017 a i 775 GW, kahi o 84% e hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaʻa māmā.

ʻO koʻu ʻāina, EU, India, US Demand he 50%, 18%, 12%, a me 7%. I loko o nā makahiki he ʻelua i hala iho nei, me ka nui o ka nui o ka hana, ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻenehana ʻenehana lithium-ion o ka pā uila kaʻa nui, ua hāʻule nui ke kumukūʻai, no laila e hoʻomaka ke kumukūʻai o nā kaʻa uila me ke kaʻa wahie. ʻO nā mea hoʻokele koʻikoʻi Mai ka makahiki 1990, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka pākaukau lithium-ion i nā mea kūʻai uila, ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu (ka hale, nā pono hana), a me ka ʻoihana kaʻa uila.

Me ka nui o ka paona hana, ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia kāna hana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai. E hiki mai ana. ʻO nā mea kemika.

Hoʻopili ʻia ka hana pākaukau e nā mea polarization. Hoʻopili paʻa ka mea cathode me ka lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC), lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA), lithium manganese oxide (LMO) a me ka lithium iron phosphate (LFP); ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea anode e hoʻohana ana i ka graphite, nā kaʻa kaumaha i ke kaʻa kaumaha Circulating life, lithium titanate (LTO). ʻO ka ʻenehana NMC a me NCA ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ikehu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mākeke pākahi māmā; he haʻahaʻa ka ikehu o LFP, akā ua pōmaikaʻi ia mai ke ola pōʻaiapuni kiʻekiʻe a me ka hana palekana, he makemake ia e hoʻohana ʻia e nā kaʻa uila kaumaha (ʻo ia hoʻi nā kaʻa kaʻa).

He hopena nui nā mea kemika i nā kumukūʻai pākaukau, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kemika like ʻole, a hiki i kā lākou kumukūʻai ke hiki i ka 20%. Ka nui a me ka nui o ka pākaukau. He ʻokoʻa loa ka nui o ka pākaukau kaʻa kaʻa, ʻo 18 ka nui o nā kaʻa uila liʻiliʻi ma koʻu ʻāina.

3 ~ 23 kWh; ʻO ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ka nui o ka nui o ka pā uila kaʻa he 23 ~ 60 kWh; nā kaʻa nui ka mana pākaukau ma 75 ~ 100 kWh. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pākaukau, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai. Ua manaʻo ʻia he 25% haʻahaʻa ma mua o 30 kW ke kumu kūʻai o ka ikehu 70 kW.

unahi mīkini. ʻO ka pālākiō hana ʻo Zhang Da e ʻike ai i ka hoʻokele waiwai nui kekahi mea nui. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka laulā hana maʻamau ma kahi o 0.

5 ~ 8 JW / makahiki, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka hopena e pili ana i 3 GW / makahiki. Wahi a ka mana maʻamau o 20 ~ 75 kWh, ua helu ʻia ka kaʻa uila hoʻokahi, a ʻo ka hoʻopuka ʻana o kahi mea kanu hoʻokahi e like me ka machining 6000-400,000 mau pahu pākahi i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I kēia manawa, kūkulu hou ʻia ʻo Kelemānia, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, koʻu ʻāina, India a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe i kahi pūʻulu o nā hale hana pākaukau nui, me ka Super Factory ke hiki i ka makahiki Tesla i 35 GW.

Ka māmā holo. Hiki i ka ʻenehana o kēia manawa ke hoʻouka iā 80% i 40 ~ 60 mau minuke. Ua hoʻohui kēia hoʻopiʻi i ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻolālā pākaukau, e like me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka electrode, e hoʻohui i nā kumukūʻai pākaukau; e ho&39;ēmi i ka nui o ka ikehu o ka pila, no laila e hoʻopōkole ai ke ola o ka pila.

ʻO kahi ʻōlelo decomposition o ka US Department of Energy i hoʻololi i ka hoʻolālā pākaukau e hoʻokipa i 400 kilowatts o ka hoʻouka ʻana e hoʻonui i ke kumukūʻai o nā kumukūʻai pākaukau. ʻO ke ʻano nui o ka hoʻololi waiwai e hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka decomposition o IEA, a ʻo ka pā lithium-ion e noho aliʻi i loko o iwakālua mau makahiki, akā e loli mālie kāna mau mea kemika. Ma mua o ka makahiki 2025, he hanauna hou o nā pākahi lithium ion i loaʻa i ka cobalt haʻahaʻa, ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe a me ka cathode lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) 811, etc.

e komo i ka hana nui. I loko o ka graphite anode, hoʻohui ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi o ke silika, a hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka ikehu e 50%, ʻoiai ʻo ka paʻakai electrolyte hiki ke kū i ka volta kiʻekiʻe e kōkua pū i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana. I ka manawa 2025 a 2030, ʻo ka metala lithium he cathode, graphite / silicon composite material no ka anode, ka lithium ion battery, hiki ke komo i ka hana hoʻolālā, a hiki ke hoʻokomo i nā electrolytes paʻa e hoʻomaikaʻi hou i ka ikehu a me ka palekana o ka pākaukau.

Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻenehana lithium ion e nā density ikehu ʻē aʻe a me nā kumukūʻai theoretical haʻahaʻa me ka ea lithium, lithium sulfur, etc. Eia naʻe, haʻahaʻa loa ka pae hoʻomohala o kēia mau ʻenehana, a ke ʻimi nei ka hana maoli. ʻO ka ʻatikala i paʻi ʻia ma ka Nature Journal o Iulai 26, 2018, kahi ʻatikala i kapa ʻia ʻo "TenyearsleftToredesignlithium-Ionbatteries" i kuhikuhi ʻia e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka hana pākaukau lithium-ion a me ke kumukūʻai.

ʻO ka paʻa i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka pilikia ma luna nei, ʻo ia hoʻi: i loko o ke ʻano aniani o ka mea electrode, ʻo ka nui o ka uku i hiki ke mālama ʻia ua wikiwiki e hoʻokokoke i ka kiʻekiʻe theoretical; ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka mākeke paʻakikī e hoʻomau i ka lawe ʻana i kahi hōʻemi kumu kūʻai nui. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻo ka mea electrode, e like me ka cobalt a me ka nickel, he liʻiliʻi loa, a he pipiʻi ke kumukūʻai. Inā ʻaʻohe hoʻololi hou, manaʻo ʻia aia ma 2030 ~ 2037 (a i ʻole ma mua), koi ʻia ka cobalt a me ka nickel.

ʻOi aku ka hua. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā mea electrode hou hou, e like me ka hao, ke keleawe, ke keleawe, aia nō i ka wā noiʻi mua. Kāhea ka ʻatikala i nā mea ʻepekema waiwai, ʻenekinia a me nā keʻena kālā e hoʻonui i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mea electrode e pili ana i ka hao, keleawe a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me nā mālama.

A i ʻole, e kaupalena ʻia ka hoʻomohala nui ʻana o nā kaʻa uila. Economic 掂 掂 影响 因 紧 因 因 因 因 因: 因::: 程: 程: 里 行 里 里 里 里 里 (程 (里 (里),里, 里 (里, 里,. Ma ke ʻano o nā kumukūʻai pākaukau, aia kahi pākaukau he 70-35 kWh / makahiki, ʻo ka nui o ka pākaukau he 70 ~ 80 kWh / makahiki, a ʻo ke kumu kūʻai o ka mana pākaukau he 70 ~ 80 kWh, a hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ke kumukūʻai o 2030 i 100 ~ 122 US dollars / kWh, me ka EU ($ 6) a me koʻu ʻāina. kokoke loa ke kumukūʻai o Iapana ($ 92 / kW).

E emi mālie ana ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kumukūʻai o nā kaʻa uila a me nā kaʻa wahie, akā ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o ka pākaukau a me ka ʻaila ma mua o ka nui o ke kino. No ka laʻana, ua like ke kumukūʻai o ka pākaukau me $ 400 / kWh, hoʻokūkū nui nā kaʻa uila, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kaʻa wahie. Inā he haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai o nā pihi kaʻa kaʻa, he kiʻekiʻe ke kumu kūʻai o ka ʻaila, a he kiʻekiʻe ka mileage o kēlā me kēia lā, koho i kahi kaʻa uila liʻiliʻi a i ʻole kaʻa hoʻohuihui plug-in ma mua o nā kaʻa wahie liʻiliʻi ʻoi aku ka waiwai.

No ka laʻana, ʻo ke kumukūʻai pākaukau he $ 120 / kWh, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai o ka ʻaila ma mua o kēia lā, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaʻa uila maʻemaʻe me ka nānā ʻole i ka mileage lōʻihi. Inā like ke kumukūʻai pākaukau me $ 260 / kWh, ʻoi aku ka mileage ma mua o 35,000 mau kilomita / makahiki, hiki ke kumukūʻai aila i $ 1.5 / lita, he koho ʻoi aku ka waiwai.

No nā kaʻa kaʻa uila nui, inā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kumukūʻai pākaukau ma mua o 260 US dollars / kWh, ʻo ke kaʻa uila mai 4 a 50,000 mau kilomita / makahiki ke kumukūʻai hoʻokūkū ma ka ʻāina me ka ʻōnaehana ʻauhau diesel kiʻekiʻe.