Kugadziriswa kwemagetsi bhasikoro lead-acid yakanaka lithium bhatiri

Munyori: Iflowpower - Inotakurika Power Station Mutengesi

Abstract: Kuvandudza hupenyu hwesevhisi yebhatiri ye-lead-acid, kunze kwekunatsiridza tekinoroji tekinoroji zvinhu, kuchengetedza uye kugadzirisa kwebhatiri zvakare chinhu chakakosha chinongedzo, inoshanda bhatiri kuchengetedza uye kugadzirisa nzira dzinobatsira kuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri. Iri bepa rinotsanangura zvinorehwa nemusimboti wekushanda uye hupenyu hwemotokari yemagetsi, inoongorora dambudziko remagetsi bhasikoro bhatiri kuchaja uye kuburitsa maitiro, uye rinopa nzira yekuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri, kuunza dzimwe nzira dzekuchengetedza zuva nezuva uye kushandiswa kwezviridzwa zvekugadzirisa zviripo. Mazwi akakosha: bhasikoro remagetsi; lead-asidhi bhatiri; kuchengetedza 0 Nhanganyaya Motokari yesimba remagetsi chipingamupinyi chakakosha pakushambadzira kwemotokari yemagetsi, ingave ichiri kuonekwa mune ramangwana, zvakanyanya kukosha zvemotokari dzemagetsi zvichange zvine chekuita nekugadzira marudzi akasiyana esimba.

Mota dzemagetsi dzine marudzi akawanda sebhatiri, mafuta emagetsi sero, supercapacitor uye flywheel. Nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwekukura uye hupfumi hwebhatiri, bhatiri richava rakakosha simba remotokari kumotokari dzemagetsi mune yazvino uye ramangwana kwenguva yakareba. Kwenguva yakareba, nyaya dzakakosha mumabhatiri ebhasikoro emagetsi inguva pfupi yehupenyu hwesevhisi, kazhinji inotadza kusvika kune yakajairika nguva yekushandisa.

Kubva pakushandiswa kwemabhatiri emagetsi ebhasikoro kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, zvinowanikwa kuti zvakaitwa kuwedzera kune zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira uye maitiro ekugadzira. Iri bepa rinoongorora maitiro ekuchaja kwelead-asidhi bhatiri uye kuburitsa zvisina kufanira kuhupenyu hwebhatiri, uye rinopa dzimwe nzira dzekugadzirisa dzinobatsira kuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri panguva yekushandiswa, uye kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvine chekuita nekugadzirisa. 1 Motokari yemagetsi inotungamira-asidhi bhatiri parizvino inokwanisa kushandisa mabhatiri ekuchengetedza magetsi mana anotevera, kureva bhatiri rinodzorwa nelead-acid-free rekuchengetedza bhatiri, colloid lead-acid bhatiri, nickel-hydrogen yekuchengetedza bhatiri, uye lithium ion bhatiri.

Iyo colloid lead-acid bhatiri imhando yakavandudzwa yelead-asidhi bhatiri, iri pamusoro peiyo valve-inodzorwa lead-asidhi bhatiri ine colloidal electrolytic mhinduro. Mutengo wenickel-hydrogen mabhatiri ekuchengetedza uye lithium ion bhatiri yakanyanyisa, uye mutengo unodhura, uye hauna kukurudzirwa zvakare. Iyo lead-asidi bhatiri yakavimbika, maitiro ekugadzira akura, mutengo wakaderera, uye ndeimwe yemotokari dzemagetsi dzinotengeswa.

1) Battery battery work principle The negative electrode ye-lead-acid battery inogadzirwa nesponge-shaped lead, uye electrode yakanaka inogadzirwa ne neutralized lead, uye iyo sponge-shaped lead uye neutral lead zvinhu zvinoshanda, uye aqueous solution ye1.28 is aqueous solution ( Electrochemical reaction in electrolyte). Discharge reaction: PB + PB02 + 2H2S04 = 2PBSO4 + 2H2O charge reaction: 2PBSO4 + 2H2O = Pb + PBO2 + 2H2SO4 lead-acid bhatiri charge, shandura matanda akanaka uye asina kunaka eiyo yakanaka uye yakaipa sulfate, iyo sulfuric acid yakaiswa imomo.

Chigadzirwa chacho chinobudiswa mu electrolyte, iyo inogona kudzorerazve electrode yakanaka yekutungamirira kusina kutungamira, uye kuwedzera kwe sulfuric acid mu electrolyte kunoramba kuchiwedzera; Kuita kwemutobvu wakaita seponji uye sulfuric acid iri mu electrolyte inova sulfate, uye kuwanda kwe sulfuric acid mu electrolyte kunodzikira zvishoma nezvishoma. 2) Kuumbwa kwebhatiri uye bhatiri ye-lead-acid-yakavharwa yenhengo yakakosha inoumbwa nezvakanaka, zvisina kunaka electrode plates, separators uye electrolytes, matangi ebheteri uye mabheti ekubatanidza (kana zvikamu zvinotungamirira), zviteshi uye mavharuvhu ekupedza. Bhatiri rinowanzo kusanganiswa neatatu-ruvara rumwe (mabhatiri e6V) kana matanhatu-chete (mabhatiri e12V).

Chidimbu chimwe nechimwe chinoputirwa nehuwandu hwemashizha e-negative electrode plate (imwe yemahwendefa asina kunaka pane yakanaka electrode plate), uye yepakati microfibrial separator yakaparadzaniswa. Huwandu hwemapuleti eelectrode akanaka akaiswa pamwe chete kuti aite boka rakanaka rema electrode, uye nhamba imwechete yemapuleti emagetsi asina kunaka akaiswa kuti aite boka rekuvhura, miviri yakanaka, uye isina kunaka yakaiswa mubheteri slot inoumba monomer bhatiri. Bhatiri rimwechete kana tambo yekubatanidza pakati pesero-sero bhatiri kana tambo yekubatanidza yakabatana pamwechete munhevedzano.

Battery slot cover ne sealant bonding. Muswe wekutanga wemuswe unotorwa kubva kune terminal, uchitungamira matanda akanaka uye asina kunaka. Iyo ndiro ndiyo yakakosha chikamu chebhatiri, uye inozivikanwa se "moyo" webhatiri.

Polar vulcanization ndeimwe yezvikanganiso zvakajairika zvebhatiri uye zvakare chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekukuvara kwebhatiri. Iyo yekuparadzanisa inozivikanwa sebhatiri "yechitatu electrode". Inoshandiswa kuparadzanisa matanda akanaka, asina kunaka, kudzivirira pfupi pfupi.

Semutakuri we electrolyte, inogona kutora yakawanda ye electrolytic solution, uye kushandisa ionic diffusion (ion conductive). Kune bhatiri rekuisa chisimbiso, muparadzi anoitawo se "channel" yeokisijeni kune yakashata electrode ndiro seyakanaka electrode ndiro, kuitira kuti iite zvakanaka kumisa kutenderera kweokisijeni uye kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura. Kushandisa ultrafine fiberglass ndiyo kiyi yekudzivirira bhatiri rekutyaira kuti rigadziriswe.

Iyo electrolyte inokosha kubva mumvura yakasvibiswa ne sulfuric acid, iyo inosanganiswa nezvimwe zvinowedzera. Kushandiswa kwakakosha: Kutanga, kutora chikamu mune electrochemical reactions, ndeimwe yebhatiri inoshanda zvinhu; chechipiri ndechekugadzira magetsi, bhatiri rinotamiswa neion migration mu electrolyte, iyo inoita kuti electrochemical reactions iite zvakanaka. 2 Mabhatiri ekuchaja uye matambudziko ekuburitsa uye mabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi ane njodzi anowanzo kutsiva mabhatiri matsva mukati megore rimwechete, uye mutoro unorema kune vanoshandisa mota dzemagetsi.

Kubhadhara uye kubuda kwebheteri kunogona kusvika kudarika nguva dze300, uye kushandiswa kwechokwadi kwebheteri kunowanzowanikwa kure pasi peiyi yekuchaja uye kubuda. Imwe yebasa kutenderera kwebhatiri ndeyekuchaja uye kuburitsa, saka kuchaja uye kuburitsa maitiro kune zvakakosha pahupenyu hwebhatiri. 1) Kusakwana kubhadharisa uye kuwedzeresa Kana bhatiri ye-lead-acid inopomerwa, iyo yakanaka uye yakaipa ethllar plates haigoni kuchinjwa zvachose kuva chipanje mutungamiri uye mutungamiri, uye imwe sulfuric acid inotungamira ishoma kudarika kuderedzwa panguva uye inoramba iri paplate, zvakasara Mutobvu we sulfate uchadonha uye unodzokorora paplate.

Kana iyo yekuchaja kwenguva refu isina kukwana, makristasi anotungamira esulfate anokonzeresa kuti ndiro vulcanization, kunaka kwebhatiri kushomeka, uye hupenyu hunodzikiswa. Sezvineiwo, kana bhatiri rakawandisa, huwandu hweokisijeni hunoonekwa muiyo negative electrode yakakura kupfuura iyo adsorption yemagetsi yakaipa, kuitira kuti kudzvanywa kwemukati kwebhatiri kuwedzere, zvichikonzera kupera kwegasi, iyo electrolyte, inogonawo kuita kuti chinhu chinoshanda chipfavise kana kudonha, uye iyo inoshanda inoderedzwa nekudonha, kuitira kuti bhatiri ridonhe kune chimwe chinhu chinoshanda, bhatiri rinodonhedza kune chimwe chinhu chinoshanda. kusaita kushandiswa, hupenyu hwebhatiri hunopfupiswa. Parizvino, mabhatiri akawanda emagetsi otomatiki, achishandisa gore kana kunyange mwedzi, nhamba huru yemabhatiri yakarasika yakaraswa mukusavapo kwedumbu, uye mazhinji acho ari kukwirisa zvakanyanya kutungamirira mukurasikirwa kwekupisa.

2) Pane zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha zvinokuvadza mukubuda kwepamusoro ikozvino uye kudarika-kubvisa bhatiri rekuchengetedza: imwe ihombe yekubuda ikozvino. Iyo yakajairwa lead-asidhi bhatiri yakanyanya kuburitsa ikozvino ndeye 12A, uye bhasikoro remagetsi rinosarudza colloidal bhatiri, saka iyo yakanyanya kuburitsa ikozvino idiki. Kana bhasikoro remagetsi riri panguva ino kutanga, bhatiri ihombe inobuda.

Panguva ino, pamusoro peplate inokurumidza kugadzirwa nemutobvu, iyo inoparadzaniswa kubva kune inogadzirisa zvinhu mu electrolyte uye yakadzika layer, iyo inowedzera kupikisa kwemukati kwebheteri, uye mhepo inoderera. Rate kuwedzera, haigoni kutamba kuita. Kana mutyairi akaramba achishandisa magetsi ekutanga, bhatiri rinowedzera zvakanyanyisa kuburitsa ikozvino.

Nenzira iyi, huwandu hukuru hwe sulfate hunogadzirwa munguva pfupi, vhoriyamu inowedzerwa zvakanyanya, uye simba rekusunga rechinhu chinoshanda chinodzikiswa, uye ndiro inoremara, yakakomberedzwa, uye iyo inomhanyisa inoshanda inovharirwa kusvika kuputika kweplate kwakuvadzwa. Chechipiri, kunyanya-kuburitsa, kuburitsa-kupfuura kunogona kuwedzera kukora kwegirosi, kune yakakwira yekudzivirira layer mugedhi rinoshanda zvinhu interface, uye kukonzeresa iyo yakanaka electrode inoshanda chinhu kupfava uye kudonha, kuitira kuti bhatiri rekuburitsa simba riderere, uye bhatiri rinokurumidza kutadza. 3 Run Maintenance yeBattery 1) Kuchengetedza bhatiri kwakaringana kwebhatiri kwakakosha kunotemwa nehunhu hwayo hwemukati.

Bhatiri rinogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi mune imwe pfungwa, asi izvi zvinoenderana. Yakajairika bhatiri, kana paine kushandiswa kwakanaka uye kugadzirisa, unogona kupa kutamba kwakazara kune bhatiri kugona uye kuzadzisa hupenyu hwesevhisi; kana zvisina kudaro, kwete chete inogona kukwanisa bhatiri, asiwo hupenyu hwebasa huchapfupiswa zvakanyanya. (1) Paunenge uchichaja bhatiri inoburitswa, iyo saline reaction (vulcanization reaction) ichatanga kubhadharisa, kubhadharisa panguva yakakodzera, iyo inotungamira-kune-inoshanda-yakaita seponji-yakaita lead uye inotungamira, kwemaawa 12, chiitiko Lead ye sulfate ichave yakashongedzwa zvakare muhombe crystal particles, iyo isingachinjiki munyu (vulcanization).

Kana kuchovha kwega kwega kuchichajwa nenguva, bhatiri rinowedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri munguva isina kudzika. Muchiitiko chebhatiri system, kune maviri bhatiri-parutivi voltages pazasi 2.18V, kana kubuda kwebhatiri kunodarika 20% kana nguva yekumisa sherufu inodarika mwedzi mitatu, kana kuzara kwechaji inoyangarara mwedzi mitanhatu.

Kuchaja. (2) Sarudza charger inofanana nebhatiri inosarudza saizi yekuchaja kwebhatiri, uye nzira yekuchaja inobata zvakananga hupenyu hwebhatiri. Kugona uye voltage yebhatiri pack zvinotarisa maparamita ekuchaja, saka charger inofanirwa kuenzaniswa nehunhu hwebhatiri uye charger inodzivirira kupisa, kusadzora.

Ita shuwa kuti bhatiri rinogona kunge rakazara, hazvizokonzeresa bhatiri simba nekuda kwekuiswa kwesimba rebhatiri, asi zvakare ita shuwa kuti bhatiri harizofashukidze nekuda kwekuwedzeredza. (3) Gadzira nzira yakanaka yekukwira Kutanga, usatanga zvakananga pakutanga kwemuenzaniso, kukwira, kusangana nekukwira, unogona kuwedzera kukwira kwevanhu, dzivisa kukurumidza kukurumidza. Nemhaka yokuti ikozvino ikozvino inogona kusvika kune gumi amps, iyo yenguva yakareba ikozvino inobuda ichawedzera munyu, iyo ichadzivirira kupisa kwebheteri kuumba mvura, polar deformation, inoshingaira zvinhu zvinowira, kuitira kuti hupenyu hwebheteri hupfupike; kukwira Mutsara unofanirwa kushandisa mamiriro emugwagwa ane njere kushandiswa kwekutsvedza, edza kuderedza mabhureki anomanikidzwa uye kudzokorora kutanga, saka inogona kuchengetedza simba uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebheteri yebhatiri.

Kana iyo teksi nzira isina kupedzwa, pabhatiri, dzimwe nguva ngaitore zororo, pachava nemagetsi apo zvinhu zviviri zviri mubhatiri zvichange zvine magetsi. Asi kana vaine kemikari inopindirana, inenge ichibva kune rumwe rutivi kuenda kune rumwe rutivi. Kuitwa kwemakemikari enyaya kana chinhu chiri panzvimbo yayo yepakutanga, saka mukana wakaenzana wezvisanganiswa izvi kana nguva yemagetsi yamiswa.

Kana zvinhu zvemvura izvi zvikadzokera kunzvimbo dzazvo, bhatiri rinogona kuva nesimba guru. Saka, shandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekutasva kuchengetedza bhatiri inobatsira. Mukuwedzera, kuderedza uremu hwemuviri, bvisa zvikamu zvisingakoshi zvekushongedza, usatakura zvinhu zvinorema.

(4) Edza kuburitsa zvishoma sezvingabvira, asiwo kudzika kwakadzika kwemabhatiri e-lead-asidi pamotokari inongobuda nenzira imwe chete kana yabatidzwa, uye muchina wekugadzira magetsi unozochaja bhatiri mushure mekudzikiswa, uye hazvikonzerese kudzika kwebhatiri. Bhasikoro remagetsi harigoneki kubhadharisa kana uchikwira, kazhinji kacho kupfuura 60% kudzika kwakadzika, kudzika kwakadzika, iyo inotungamira yekuisa sulfate ichawedzera muyakadzika sulfate muplate yepolar. Nekudaro, zvinodikanwa zvakare kuita dhizaini yakadzama, kazhinji 1 kusvika 2 kudzika kwakadzika kwemwedzi miviri, izvo zvinobatsira kuhuwandu hwebhatiri.

Iyo inonzi yakadzika discharge inoreva kubuda kwakazara kwekutanga undervoltage dziviriro pasi peyakajairwa mitoro mamiriro, kana kuburitsa kuzere nemudziyo wekuburitsa, ndiko kuti, voltage yakadonha kusvika 1.75V. Wobva wachaja mota yemagetsi kumotokari yemagetsi, izvo zvinozoita kuti bhatiri bhatiri rivandudzwe zvishoma.

(5) Gonesa voltage-tembiricha muripo basa Bhatiri rinonzwa zvakanyanya kune tembiricha, bhatiri voltage uye ambient tembiricha, zvinokurudzirwa kugonesa voltage tembiricha muripo basa. Single voltage tembiricha yekubhadhara coefficient yakasiyana nerudzi rwebhatiri, kazhinji 2 ~ 3.6mv / ° C.

2) Kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvekugadzirisa bhatiri Mumakore achangopfuura, bhatiri repamba rakasiyana siyana rekugadzirisa pulse zviri kupenya, uye mabasa avo anonzi anorapwa. Mienzaniso yakasiyana yemigumisiro yekuyera kwemamita yakakura, nekuda kwehuwandu hwekuyera, nzira yekuyera (phase musiyano nzira, inoshanda kukosha nzira, modulation demodulation, kuenzanisa nzira, nezvimwewo) uye kuyerwa ikozvino kusiyana, zvichiita Differentiated kuyerwa migumisiro yechidimbu chimwe chete chebhatiri uchishandisa midziyo yekuyera yakasiyana.

Kuoma kwekusarudza zviridzwa, uye kuvimbika kwemamita kuyerwa kunoguma. (1) Nheyo yekushanda yesarufa charger inogona kubviswa nesarufa charger: nzira yekudzikisa sero crystallization yebhatiri yebhatiri nguva nenguva uchishandisa 10% kusvika 20% overcharge. Kuwedzera kune sarufa charger mukuchaja, inogona kukonzera kana kuwandisa, asi zvakare kufuratira iyo bhatiri yekuburitsa maitiro inyaya yekuti bhatiri rekuburitsa ichokwadi.

Naizvozvo, mhedzisiro yacho haina kugutsa, vashandisi vazhinji vanosiya iyi inodzokororwa yekudyara musarufa mushure mejaja ine mota dzemagetsi. (2) Lead acid yekuchengetedza inononoka inofungidzirwa, chero bedzi iyo lead-acid yekuchengetedza inononoka chiridzwa chakabatana nebhatiri pack, bhatiri rinogona kugadziriswa nekuchaja, kuchengetedza, uye kuburitsa, inogona kuwedzerwa. Upenyu hwebhatiri hunopetwa kaviri, asi mushure mekuedza, mugumisiro hausi pachena.

(3) Iyo bhatiri yekuwedzera inodzoreredza inoshandisa erekitironi pulse mabasa, ichiburitsa emagetsi pulse waves kuburikidza nemudziyo, ichiramba ichibvisa makristasi esulfuric acid pandiro, inobvisa vulcanization yebhatiri re-lead-acid, uye zvinodzivirira kubuda kwemakristasi matsva, nekudaro Dzorera bhatiri rebasa kuti rigadzirise bhatiri riya. Mushure memakore achangopfuura ekudzidzira, inzira inoshanda uye inoshanda. Kushanda musimboti wekugadzirisa bhatiri rekuwedzera: Zvinoenderana nemusimboti weatomiki fizikisi uye yakasimba fizikisi, maion esarufa ane mashanu akasiyana mazinga esimba, imwe neimwe nhanho yesimba ine yakasarudzika ma frequency, mune metastable level state.

MaIoni anozorerekera kana kufamba kuenda kune yakagadzikana yakaderera mwero (covalent kiyi nhanho), iyo inoitika nekupa imwe chiyero chesimba, ichiita kuti mamorekuru akabatidzwa aende kune yakakwira nhanho yesimba, kuitira kuti Kunyungudutsa maion emahara e electrolyte, kutora chikamu mune electrochemical reaction. Kushandiswa kwebhatiri extender kugadzirisa: 1 Nekuramba uchichaja yakakosha pulse ikozvino, iyo inotungamira precipitate pavhavha ye electrode plate inoparara zvishoma nezvishoma, uye electrode ndiro haina kukuvara; 2 yakasvibiswa ne-lead-down ye sulfate kuita lead, lead, mvura, mvura Mumhinduro ye electrolytic, kuderedza kugona kwebhatiri, kuwedzera hupenyu hwehupenyu (yakabviswa sulfate); 3 Kana bhatiri raburitswa kana kudzika, huwandu hukuru hwemabhuru huchaitika, aya akasungirirwa Iyo insulated air bubble pamahwendefa inoderedza nzvimbo inoshanda ye electrode plate, zvichikonzera kukuvara kusinga gadziriswe kweplate. Mapurisa akakosha mukugadzirisa bhatiri rekuwedzera anogona kubvisa mabhuru aya mundiro, kudzivirira bhatiri electrode ndiro, uye kurebesa hupenyu hwebhatiri zvakanyanya.

Iyo yekumba bhatiri yekuwedzera fixer ndeye kugadzirisa uye kuchengetedza bhatiri uchishandisa pulse electric waveforms, inofanirwa kushandisa kwenguva yakareba. Battery yekuwedzera fixer kazhinji ine nzira mbiri dzekunhonga pabhatiri (parallel). Imwe iplug mbiri, imwe plug inoiswa pabhatiri charger, uye imwe plug inobatanidzwa kune plug yechaja; imwe yacho yakatsvuka, nhema mbiri wiring, zvichiteerana, iyo yakanaka uye yakaipa magetsi emagetsi, zvichiteerana.

Iyi nzira ndeyepamusoro kuisirwa zvinodiwa, kuvhura bhokisi rebhatiri paki, solder wiring pane yakanaka, yakaipa maelectrode, uye wobva washandisa kaviri-mativi anonamira kuchengetedza bhatiri rekuwedzera kudzoreredza mumhepo unit mubhatiri pack. Kushanda maawa makumi maviri nemana mushure mekuiswa, kuisa zvirinani uye kuchengetedza kushandiswa kwebhatiri. Mukuita: Nzira yekupedzisira inonyanya kukodzera kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa mabhatiri ebhasikoro emagetsi.

4 Mhedziso Kuparadza kunokonzerwa nekushaja zvisina kunaka kwebhatiri panguva yekushandiswa kwebhatiri hakuna kuregererwa, kunobata zvakananga hupenyu hwebhatiri. Kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwelead-asidi bhatiri yekuchaja uye kuburitsa maitiro, zvinonzwisiswa zvakare kuti pesvedzero yekukuvara kwebhatiri pakukuvara kwebhatiri inonzwisiswa zvakare, uye kuziva kwekuchengetedza kwemushandisi kunovandudzwa. Rega mushandisi abatanidze basa rekugadzirisa, uye pasina mubvunzo zvinogoneka pakushandiswa kwebhatiri.